Eye movements were studied in 13 patients with Friedreich's ataxia and correlated with MRI findings to investigate whether oculomotor abnormalities can be traced to cerebellar disturbances in this disease. One of the most prominent eye signs was fixation instability (square-wave jerks, SWJ.). Besides SWJ the patients showed various combinations of cerebellar, vestibular and brain-stem oculomotor signs. Our patients did not comprise a homogeneous group with regard to their oculomotor findings. There was no correlation between the severity of any of the so-called cerebellar oculomotor disturbances and the number of SWJ. We tried to correlate the extent of oculomotor disturbances with floccular atrophy and atrophy of the dorsal vermis on MRI in seven of the patients. None of the oculomotor features (including SWJ) correlated with flocculus or dorsal vermis size. Furthermore, floccular and vermal measurements on MRI were normal. Accordingly, we think it unlikely that the oculomotor disturbances, including SWJ, are attributable to cerebellar pathology per se. 相似文献
Intrastriatal injection of quinolinic acid (QA) in rats provides an animal model that mimics some of the neuropathological and neurochemical alterations observed in the striatum of patients with Huntington's disease (HD). One of the very early neurophysiological signs in HD is a diminution of amplitude of early somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) recorded over the parietal cortex. The present study investigated whether the QA model exhibits similar neurophysiological abnormalities. Two weeks after unilateral intrastriatal injection of QA (240 nmol) or of the solvent, early SEPs were recorded with chronically implanted electrodes from the somatosensory cortex or from the ventrobasal nucleus of the thalamus of lightly pentobarbital-anesthetized rats, in response to single-shock electrical stimulation of the contralateral forepaw. Whereas intrastriatal injection of solvent did not influence SEPs, the striatal QA lesion significantly reduced the amplitude of early cortical SEPs by about 40% without affecting the latency. SEPs recorded from the ventrobasal nucleus were unchanged after QA lesion. Histological examination and glial fibrillary acid protein staining after intrastriatal injection of QA revealed no evidence for damage in the somatosensory system. It is concluded that (1) the QA animal model of HD mimics some of the SEP abnormalities of patients, and (2) a striatal lesion modulates somatosensory transmission to the cortex in rats. 相似文献
Purpose To evaluate the clinical results of percutaneous transluminal rotational atherectomy in the treatment of peripheral vascular
disease.
Methods Rotational atherectomy was performed in 39 patients aged 39–87 years (mean 66.6 years). A total of 71 lesions (43 stenoses
and 28 occlusions) were treated in 40 limbs. Additional balloon angioplasty was required in 54% of lesions. Fifteen patients
(37.5%) presented in Fontaine stage II, 10 patients (25%) in Fontaine stage III and 15 patients (37.5%) in Fontaine stage
IV. Rotational atherectomy at 750 rpm was carried out over a 0.014-inch guidewire with continuous aspiration into a vacuum,
bottle. Follow-up angiography and color flow Doppler examinations were performed in 22 patients (23 limbs) after a mean period
of 6 months (range 2–14 months)
Results There was one primary technical failure. In 36 of 40 lesions there was a good angiographic result with residual stenoses in
less than 30%. In 70 lesions treated by rotational atherectomy, however, 54% showed residual stenoses of 30%–50% and these
cases required additional balloon angioplasty. The mean ankle-brachial index improved significantly (p<0.001), from 0.49 before the procedure to 1.01 after the procedure. A single distal embolus, related to primary recanalization,
occurred and there were two large inguinal hematomas. Cumulative clinical patency after 6 months was 83.8% and cumulative
angiographic patency after 6 months was 79.1%.
Conclusion Percutaneous rotational atherectomy is a promising approach for the treatment of chronic peripheral vascular disease. Further
prospective, randomized studies are necessary to compare percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with this new technical approach. 相似文献
Background: It has been suspected that synthetic colloids may interfere with leukocyte adhesion by down-regulation of endothelial cell adhesion molecules. Although inhibition of endothelial inflammation might reduce leukocyte-related tissue injury, the same mechanism may be detrimental for host defense during severe infection. Regarding the widespread use of colloids, the authors performed a laboratory investigation to determine the mechanisms by which synthetic colloids interfere with leukocyte-endothelial interactions.
Methods: Adhesion molecule expression on native and cytokine-activated endothelium from umbilical veins was measured after pretreatment with gelatin and various preparations of dextran or hydroxyethyl starch. Inhibition of neutrophil adhesion to activated endothelium was examined in a flow chamber by perfusion of untreated and colloid-treated neutrophils over colloid-pretreated endothelium at 2 dyn/cm2. Comparisons were made between untreated controls, colloid-pretreated endothelium, and colloid-cotreated neutrophils.
Results: Intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, E-selectin, and P-selectin were not attenuated by any colloid. Accordingly, colloid pretreatment of endothelium alone did not reduce neutrophil adhesion. In contrast, when neutrophils were cotreated by addition of colloids to the perfusate immediately before perfusion, adhesion decreased by 31-51% (P < 0.05) regardless of the colloid type. As indicated by the twofold increased rolling fractions, this reduction was due to an inhibition of neutrophil integrins. 相似文献
The tick-borne Thogoto virus (THOV) is the type species of a newly recognized fourth genus, Thogotovirus, in the family Orthomyxoviridae. Because of the distant relationship of THOV with the influenza viruses, determination of its genomic information can potentially be used to identify important domains in influenza virus proteins. We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the second longest RNA segment of THOV. The molecule comprises 2212 nucleotides with a single large open reading frame encoding a protein of 710 amino acids, estimated Mr 81 284. The protein shares 77% amino acid similarity with the PB1-like protein of Dhori virus, a related tick-borne virus, and 50–53% with the PB1 polymerase proteins of influenza virus A, B and C. All the motifs characteristic of RNA-dependent polymerases were identified including the SSDD motif common to all RNA-dependant RNA polymerases, indicating that the THOV protein is functionally analogous to the influenza virus PB1 proteins and involved in chain elongation. We also report the corrected sequence of the third longest RNA segment of THOV, encoding a protein which shares 44–47% amino acid similarity with the PA-like polymerase proteins of influenza virus A, B and C. The biological significance of conserved domains in these orthomyxovirid proteins is discussed. 相似文献
The material consists of a series of 73 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. The site and the size of the primary tumor and the histological status of the lymph nodes of the groin were known. Two pathologists evaluated nuclear hyperchromatism, nuclear polymorphism, histological differentiation, number of mitoses, inflammatory response, and vascular invasion and graded these parameters from one to three. The reliability of the histopathological grades evaluated by the κ coefficient showed considerable interobserver variation. Despite this a model which included the subjective parameter nuclear hyperchromatism could predict patients without lymph node metastases. The model consisted of patients with tumors which were not situated on the clitoris, were less than 40 mm in diameter, and exhibited only slight hyperchromatism. The model fitted 19 (26%) and 14 (19%) of the patients with two different pathologists evaluating the nuclear hyperchromatism and none of these patients had lymph node metastases. The quantitative parameter—mean nuclear volume—determined by morphometry was of no diagnostic value for the prediction of patients without groin node metastases at the time of operation. 相似文献