益生菌制剂对钙缺乏骨质疏松症的防治作用

目的运用饲喂低钙饲料的方法建立大鼠骨质疏松模型,结合骨密度、骨矿含量及uc OC/c OC等指标,探讨含VK2(MK-7)的益生菌粉、VD2及Ga的复配产品对防治骨质疏松的作用。方法 220 g~250 g雌性SD大鼠分为正常饲喂对照组、低钙饲料饲喂组、低剂量复配产品治疗组、高剂量复配产品治疗组,每组8只大鼠,试验进行前及试验结束后对每组大鼠进行DEXA测定,并对试验结束后每组大鼠的uc OC/c OC等血液指标进行测定。结果相对于正常对照组,低钙饲料饲喂组大鼠骨密度及骨矿含量值显著降低(P0.05)。灌胃复配产品高低剂量组大鼠骨密度及骨矿含量与低钙饲喂组相比显著提高(P005),且uc OC/c OC值显著降低(P0.05)。结论 VK2(MK-7)的益生菌粉、VD2的益生菌粉及Ga的复配产品具有防治骨质疏松的作用。     

Cell cycle phase distribution analysis in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a significant number of cells reside in early G1-phase

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a frequent non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterised by a heterogeneous clinical course. Assessment of cell cycle phase kinetics might be important for prediction of clinical behaviour and prognosis. METHODS: Distribution of neoplastic cells in CLL within the cell cycle was evaluated by determining the labelling indices (LI, i.e. percentage of positive cells) of markers specific for late G1-phase (cyclin E), S-phase (cyclin A), and G2/M-phase (cyclin B1), and Mcm2, a novel marker of proliferative potential, in a large cohort of patients (n = 79) using tissue microarray (TMA) technology. Utilising a combination of these markers, an algorithm was developed--subtracting the combined LIs of cyclin E, cyclin A and cyclin B1 from the LI of Mcm2--to determine the percentage of tumour cells residing in early G1-phase, which is probably a critical state for the malignant potential of CLL. RESULTS: 27.11% of cells had acquired proliferative potential as indicated by expression of Mcm2. Only a small number of cells were found to be in late G1-phase (7.16%), S-phase (3.31%) or G2/M-phase (0.98%), while 15.66% of cells were considered to be in early G1-phase. CONCLUSION: Cell cycle phase distribution can easily be assessed by immunohistochemistry in routinely processed paraffin-embedded specimens. A large number of neoplastic cells in CLL have proliferative potential, with a significant sub-population residing in early G1-phase. Estimates of these cells may identify cases likely to exhibit a more aggressive biological behaviour and adverse clinical course.     

Evaluation of Glass Delamination Risk in Pharmaceutical 10 mL/10R Vials

Glass delamination is characterized by the dissociation of glass flakes from the glass surface. Since glass delamination is time dependent, 5 vial types were investigated to assess delamination under accelerated stress conditions published as quick tests in literature and compared to stress testing recommended per United States Pharmacopoeia <1660>. A broad panel of analytical techniques was employed to test the solution for visible/subvisible particles and leachables and characterize topography and composition of the surface. The vial types showed significant differences in surface durability when applying the same stress conditions. An increase in glass leachables and change in topography were shown for uncoated vials. An indication for an elevated delamination risk was confirmed for Expansion 33 vials only by the compiled analytical data set including particle assessment and change in elemental composition of the near glass surface investigated by dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry. The delamination test protocols differ in test solution, handling, and time. Before choosing the most appropriate protocol to predict delamination propensity and mimic real-time conditions, long-term storage data are needed. A combination of analytical techniques to study the risk for long-term corrosion of glass is highly recommended covering the 3 aspects: visible/subvisible particle assessment, solution analysis, and surface characterization.     

Biologic Versus Nonbiologic Mesh in Ventral Hernia Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background

The current standard of treatment for most ventral hernias is a mesh-based repair. Little is known about the safety and efficacy of biologic versus nonbiologic grafts. A meta-analysis was performed to examine two primary outcomes: recurrence and wound complication rates.

Methods

Electronic databases and reference lists of relevant articles were systematically searched for all clinical trials and cohort studies published between January 1990 and January 2012. A total of eight retrospective studies, with 1,229 patients, were included in the final analysis.

Results

Biologic grafts had significantly fewer infectious wound complications (p < 0.00001). However, the recurrence rates of biologic and nonbiologic mesh were not different. In subgroup analysis, there was no difference in recurrence rates and wound complications between human-derived and porcine-derived biologic grafts.

Conclusions

Use of biologic mesh for ventral hernia repair results in less infectious wound complications but similar recurrence rates compared to nonbiologic mesh. This supports the application of biologic mesh for ventral hernia repair in high-risk patients or patients with a previous history of wound infection only when the significant additional cost of these materials can be justified and synthetic mesh is considered inappropriate.     

Physical activity behaviour in children and adolescents before,during and after cancer treatment

Purpose

Childhood cancer survivors show reduced physical activity (PA) levels which may considerably impact child development, quality of life, social participation and sequelae such as functional and cardiovascular health. This study aims to evaluate different aspects of PA behaviour in patients with childhood cancer (PaC) before (bT), during (dT) and after (aT) cancer treatment.

Methods

In this cross-sectional, multicentre study, 114 PaC and 37 healthy controls between 4 and 20 years of age were enrolled. PA behaviour was assessed using an adapted questionnaire which included items asking about PA level, PA intensity and domains of PA.

Results

Patients reported lower PA levels and less minutes of PA at moderate-intensity dT than aT and bT (P?≤?0.05). Healthy controls reported higher PA levels than patients aT (P?≤?0.05). At school, 41.7% of PaC did not participate in physical education aT or bT. Lastly, 45.6% of PaC who were engaged in sport club activities bT did no more participate in sport club activities aT.

Conclusion

Patients reported different PA behaviours dT and aT than bT. Therefore, monitoring of PA should be considered to increase PA levels in PaC. Future studies also need to examine how PA behaviour can be influenced in a positive way in PaC.