The ingredients in Saengshik,a formulated health food,inhibited the activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase as anti-diabetic function

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

We investigated total 26 ingredients of Saengshik which will be commercially produced as an anti-diabetic dietary supplement.

SUBJECTS/METHODS

Thirteen vegetables, nine cereals, three legumes and one seed were extracted with aqueous ethanol for 2 h at 60℃, and evaluated for their inhibitory effects against α-amylase and α-glucosidase and for total phenolic and flavonoid contents.

RESULTS

All ingredients inhibited α-amylase activity except cabbage. Strong inhibitory activity of α-amylase was observed in leek, black rice, angelica and barley compared with acarbose as a positive control. Stronger inhibition of α-glucosidase activity was found in small water dropwort, radish leaves, sorghum and cabbage than acarbose. All Saengshik ingredients suppressed α-glucosidase activity in the range of 0.3-60.5%. Most ingredients contained total phenols which were in the range of 1.2-229.4 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dried extract. But, total phenolic contents were not observed in carrot, pumpkin and radish. All ingredients contained flavonoid in the range of 11.6-380.7 mg catechin equivalent/g dried extract.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results demonstrate that Saengshik containing these ingredients would be an effective dietary supplement for diabetes.     

Deep Neural Network-Based Prediction of the Risk of Advanced Colorectal Neoplasia

Background/AimsRisk prediction models using a deep neural network (DNN) have not been reported to predict the risk of advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACRN). The aim of this study was to compare DNN models with simple clinical score models to predict the risk of ACRN in colorectal cancer screening.MethodsDatabases of screening colonoscopy from Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (n=121,794) and Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (n=3,728) were used to develop DNN-based prediction models. Two DNN models, the Asian-Pacific Colorectal Screening (APCS) model and the Korean Colorectal Screening (KCS) model, were developed and compared with two simple score models using logistic regression methods to predict the risk of ACRN. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of the models were compared in internal and external validation databases.ResultsIn the internal validation set, the AUCs of DNN model 1 and the APCS score model were 0.713 and 0.662 (p<0.001), respectively, and the AUCs of DNN model 2 and the KCS score model were 0.730 and 0.667 (p<0.001), respectively. However, in the external validation set, the prediction performances were not significantly different between the two DNN models and the corresponding APCS and KCS score models (both p>0.1).ConclusionsSimple score models for the risk prediction of ACRN are as useful as DNN-based models when input variables are limited. However, further studies on this issue are warranted to predict the risk of ACRN in colorectal cancer screening because DNN-based models are currently under improvement.     

Characterization of PLA/PBSeT Blends Prepared with Various Hexamethylene Diisocyanate Contents

Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is the most widely available commercial bioplastic that is used in various medical and packaging applications and three-dimensional filaments. However, because neat PLA is brittle, it conventionally has been blended with ductile polymers and plasticizers. In this study, PLA was blended with the high-ductility biopolymer poly (butylene-sebacate–co–terephthalate) (PBSeT), and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) was applied as a crosslinking compatibilizer to increase the miscibility between the two polymers. PLA (80%) and PBSeT (20%) were combined with various HDI contents in the range 0.1–1.0 parts-per-hundred rubber (phr) to prepare blends, and the resulting physical, thermal, and hydrolysis properties were analyzed. Fourier-transform infrared analysis confirmed that –NH–C=OO⁻ bonds had formed between the HDI and the other polymers and that the chemical bonding had influenced the thermal behavior. All the HDI-treated specimens showed tensile strengths and elongations higher than those of the control. In particular, the 0.3-phr-HDI specimen showed the highest elongation (exceeding 150%) and tensile strength. In addition, all the specimens were hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions, and all the HDI-treated specimens degraded faster than the neat PLA one.     

Active immunization of murine allogeneic bone marrow transplant donors with B-cell tumor-derived idiotype: a strategy for enhancing the specific antitumor effect of marrow grafts

Persistence of the underlying malignancy remains the major obstacle limiting the success of high-dose chemoradiotherapy with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for lymphomas and multiple myeloma. We used the C3H 38C13 murine B-cell lymphoma, which expresses and secretes clonally derived Ig, the idiotype of which can serve as a tumor-specific antigen, to test the principle of transfer of tumor idiotype-specific immunity with BM. BALB/c marrow donors were twice immunized with 38C13-derived Ig, or with an isotype-matched control Ig, conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Lethally irradiated C3H recipients reconstituted with marrow from idiotype immune, but not nonspecifically immune, donors demonstrated protection against subsequent lethal tumor challenge. The immunoprotective effect of immune allogeneic marrow was abrogated by T-cell depletion of the marrow graft before infusion. Low levels of serum anti-idiotypic antibody remained unaltered in recipients of T-cell-depleted immune marrow, consistent with a primary role for T-cell immunity in the cellular mechanism of this phenomenon. A modest therapeutic effect of immune allogeneic marrow was observed against 10 day, 1 cm established subcutaneous tumors, but only in combination with a booster immunization of the recipient post-BMT. These results provide the rationale for a novel strategy for enhancing the specific antitumor effect of allogeneic marrow grafts.     

Role of induction and consolidation chemotherapy in elderly acute myeloid leukemia patients

The present study sought to elucidate the role of induction and consolidation therapy in elderly patients. We retrospectively collected data of 477 patients who were aged over 60 years at the time of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) diagnosis. The median overall survival (OS) was 339 days in the induction group (n = 266) and 86 days in the best supportive care group (n = 211) (P < 0.001). In the induction group, the complete remission (CR) rate was 58.3 %, and treatment-related death was 15.4 %. Successful induction was related to good performance [Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG <2)] [hazard ratio (HR) 3.215; P = 0.002]. Mortality correlated with failure to achieve CR (HR 4.059; P < 0.001) and poor performance status (ECOG >2) (HR 2.731; P = 0.035). In CR patients, poor karyotype and absence of consolidation (HR 2.313; P = 0.003) correlated with mortality. More than one cycle of consolidation was associated with better OS (P < 0.001). Lack of salvage therapy was associated with mortality in patients who did not achieve CR (HR 3.223; P = 0.005). Intensive induction in patients with good performance and >1 cycle of consolidation after CR may be the best strategy for improving OS in elderly AML patients.     

Chromosome 13 deletion and hypodiploidy on conventional cytogenetics are robust prognostic factors in Korean multiple myeloma patients: web-based multicenter registry study

This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities and to identify the specific abnormalities associated with poor prognosis. A total of 2,474 patients whose conventional cytogenetics were available at the time of diagnosis were evaluated via a nationwide registry. Normal metaphase cytogenetics was observed in 2,012 patients (81.3%). Among the 462 patients with chromosomal abnormalities, there were 161 (34.8%) patients with hyperdiploidy, 197 (42.6%) with pseudodiploidy, 79 (17.1%) with hypodiploidy, and 25 (5.5%) with near-tetraploidy. Deletion 13 (Δ13) in metaphase was observed in 167 patients (6.8%). Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was carried out in 967 patients (39.1%), and 66 (13.7%) out of 482 and 63 (10.3%) out of 611 patients were positive for t(4;14) and del(17p), respectively. With a median follow-up duration of 25.1 months, the median overall survival (OS) was 51.2 months (95% confidence interval, 46.5–55.9 months). In univariate analysis, the following four chromosomal abnormalities were significantly associated with a poor survival outcome: Δ13, hypodiploidy, del(13q) in FISH, and del(17p) in FISH. In the subsequent multivariate analysis, in which del(13q) and del(17p) in FISH were excluded due to a relatively low number of patients, Δ13 and hypodiploid status were independently associated with a poor survival outcome after adjusting for important clinical factors, including age, sex, performance, beta2-microglobulin, albumin, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Using conventional metaphase cytogenetics, we confirmed that both Δ13 and hypodiploid status were robust poor prognostic factors. The metaphase karyotyping should remain the primary cytogenetic tool and an essential investigation for risk stratification in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients.     

Tumor Treated by Endoscopy

Background

This study was conducted to examine the clinical usefulness and efficacy of endoscopic curettage on benign bone tumor.

Methods

Thirty-two patients (20 men and 12 women) with benign bone tumor were included in the study. The patients were aged between five and 76 years; the mean follow-up period was 27.05 months (range, 9.6 to 39.9 months). The primary sites include simple bone cyst (9 cases), fibrous dysplasia (6 cases), enchondroma (5 cases), non-ossifying fibroma (4 cases), bone infarct (3 cases), aneurysmal bone cyst (1 case), chondroblastoma (1 case), osteoblastoma (1 case), intraosseous lipoma (1 case), and Brodie abscess (1 case). A plain radiography was performed to assess the radiological recovery. Radiological outcomes, including local recurrence and bone union, were evaluated as excellent, good, poor, and recurred.

Results

In our series, there were 27 cases (84.4%) of good or better outcomes, six cases (18.8%) of complications (4 local recurrence, 1 wound infection, and 1 pathologic fracture).

Conclusions

Our results showed that endoscopic curettage and bone graft had a lower rate of recurrence and a higher cure rate in cases of benign bone tumor. It can, therefore, be concluded that endoscopic curettage and bone graft might be good treatment modalities for benign bone tumors.     

Hashimoto’s encephalopathy: South Korean experiences

Hashimoto’s encephalopathy (HE) is a rare neurological disorder. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to prevent irreversible brain damage. In the present study, we aimed to describe and classify HE on the basis of clinical, neuroimaging, and EEG findings. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical, radiological, and electrophysiological findings in patients who showed both neurological symptoms and high titers of anti-thyroid antibodies, and who were admitted between 2006 and 2012. Our patients were classified into two groups: those presenting seizures (group 1) and those with diffuse encephalopathies (group 2). Group 1 contained two patients. Patient 1, who showed verbal memory disturbance, focal MRI lesions, and partial seizure activity on EEG, recovered with antiepileptic and steroid treatments. Five of six patients assigned to group 2 were treated with steroids and showed significant improvement. One patient treated with azathioprine showed moderate improvement. Four of these patients had accompanying metabolic disturbances. HE is a treatable neurologic disorder with different subtypes, each with its own clinical manifestations and treatment options. HE can be difficult to identify and requires careful and attentive clinical observation for diagnosis.     

Synthesis of [11C]Bexarotene by Cu-Mediated [11C]Carbon Dioxide Fixation and Preliminary PET Imaging

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