Effect of preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced low rectal cancer after radical resection surgery

To evaluate the outcome of patients with locally advanced low rectal adenocarcinoma who required preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), a total of 22 patients underwent preoperative CCRT and radical resection for locally advanced low rectal adenocarcinoma. Patients received concurrent chemotherapy with high-dose 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in continuous infusion and leucovorin and preoperative radiation with a mean dose of 50.4 Gy (range, 45-50.4 Gy). Radical resection surgery was performed 6 weeks after treatment. Fifty-five percent of patients achieved tumor downstaging, and 14% patients. showed pathological complete remission. No severe hematological and gastrointestinal toxicity of preoperative CCRT was noted. Sphincter-saving rate was 82%, and there were no deaths related to preoperative CCRT and surgery. Overall, 3-year survival rate was 69%, and a rate of locoregional recurrence was 13.6%. This study shows that many patients with locally advanced rectal cancer can be operated on with sphincter-saving radical resection surgery under good local control after preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy, which induces tumor downstaging.     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像在治疗后宫颈癌评估中的价值

目的 探讨18F-FDG PET/CT对临床怀疑宫颈癌局部复发和(或)远处转移患者的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析95例宫颈癌治疗后患者的18F-FDG PET/CT检查资料,采用视觉分析和半定量方法(SUVmax)分析病灶特点,最终诊断以活组织病理检查、诊断性治疗及影像学随访结果为准,采用Kappa一致性检验进行分析.结果 共有54例患者18 F-FDG PET/CT检查发现局部复发和(或)远处转移病灶,其中局部复发24例,远处转移30例;18F-FDG PET/CT诊断肿瘤复发与转移的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为98.1％(52/53)、95.2％ (40/42)和96.8％ (92/95),阳性预测值与阴性预测值分别为96.3％ (52/54)和97.6％(40/41).18F-FDG PET/CT检查结果与病理及临床随访结果一致性良好(Kappa=0.936,P＜0.05).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT对临床可疑宫颈癌复发的诊断具有较高的灵敏度和特异性,有助于局部复发和(或)远处转移病灶的检测,对临床进一步的诊疗具有指导作用.     

双极射频治疗山羊髌骨软骨退变的实验研究

目的探讨双极射频在治疗髌骨软骨退变中价值。方法采用髌骨外侧支持带紧缩和内侧支持带松解的方法制造16只山羊髌骨软骨退变的动物模型。3个月后对右髌骨退变的软骨进行双极射频成形手术,左膝为对照侧,两侧同时进行恢复髌股关节对合的手术。观察双极射频对退变软骨的即刻效应和后期效应。结果造模方法可以造成山羊髌股关节倾斜,3个月后发生以髌骨内侧面OuterbridgeⅠ级和Ⅱ级为主的病变。即刻观察发现射频处理后的软骨表面光整,小的裂隙被融合。浅层的少量软骨细胞死亡,深层细胞受到的影响比较小。3个月后发现治疗侧髌骨软骨表面仍光滑,改良Mankin’8软骨评分结果显示治疗侧（8．50±2．51）分,对照组（11．00±4．15）分（t=2．57,P〈0．05）,治疗侧软骨损伤比对照侧轻。流式细胞学检测发现治疗侧软骨细胞死亡率（18．69±7．26）％,和对照侧（25．66±13．04）％相比,差异无统计学意义（t：1．94,P〉0．05）。结论一个能级的双极射频不会对软骨细胞造成明显的损害,软骨成形术是治疗髌骨软骨退变的有效方法之一。     

绵阳地区中老年人骨量减少和骨质疏松患病状况分析

目的用双能X线骨密度检测仪检测绵阳地区中老人群骨密度,了解我国中老年人群骨量减少和骨质疏松的患病率。方法对绵阳地区城市、郊区及农村5039例50岁以上人自愿者(其中男性1895例,女性3144例)进行骨密度检测,对腰椎、股骨骨密度检测,并采用世界卫生组织(WHO)标准分类:骨量正常、骨量减少和骨质疏松。结果女性骨量减少和骨质疏松患病率分别为35%和48%,其中70~79岁以上骨量减少和骨质疏松患病率分别为19%和67%,80岁以上骨质疏松患病率为100%。男性骨量减少和骨质疏松患病率分别为10%和6%,70岁以下无骨量减少和骨质疏松患病患者,70~79岁以上骨量减少和骨质疏松患病率分别为8%和6%,80岁以上骨量减少和骨质疏松患病率分别为22%和13%。不同年龄组别间骨量减少和骨质疏松的患病率差异显著有统计学意义(P0.01),相同年龄组女性显著高于男性(P0.01)。结论绵阳地区中老年人群中骨质减少和骨质疏松患病率高,尤其是高龄女性;80岁以上女性骨质疏松患病率为100%,男性骨量减少和骨质疏松患病率为35%。     

绵阳地区不同民族中老年人群骨密度情况分析

目的检测绵阳地区不同民族的中老年人骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)情况,了解BMD是否与民族因素有关。方法用双能X线骨密度检测仪检测绵阳市城区、郊区和农村5039例50岁以上自愿者(其中男性1895例,女性3144例)腰椎(L1-4)和左侧股骨颈和Ward’s三角BMD,对不同民族人的BMD进行比较。结果本次检测人群包括汉族、藏族、羌族、回族,各年龄组男性和女性,各民族BMD分别比较,男性和女性比较的结果均显示,汉族BMD显著高于藏族、羌族、回族,回族高于羌族和藏族,羌族高于藏族(P0.05)。结论 BMD与民族有关,产生民族差异可能与遗传、生活地区、饮食结构有关。造成BMD民族差异的这些因素还需进一步证实。     

基于潜在剖面分析的农村老年人自主性感知与自我养老能力的关系研究

目的 探究农村老年人自主性感知的差异性及其与自我养老能力的关系。方法 采用一般资料问卷、老年人自我养老能力量表、中文简版自主性感知量表对湖南省350名农村老年人进行问卷调查。运用潜在剖面分析识别自主性感知的潜在类别。结果 农村老年人的自主性感知被识别为3个潜在类别,分别定义为低自主-高依赖型(14.0%)、中等自主型(55.1%)、独立自主型(30.9%)。分层回归分析结果显示,控制人口学变量后,自主性感知可独立解释农村老年人21.9%的自我养老能力变异。结论 农村老年人的自主性感知呈现类别分布,即低自主-高依赖型、中等自主型、独立自主型;低自主-高依赖型者自我养老能力最低,需重点关注。     

Comparison of cognitive function between patients with hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis

Objective To evaluate whether dialysis modality will affect cognitive function in dialysis population. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Chronic dialysis patients in our center was screened from July 2013 to July 2014. All of the subjects received brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination and comprehensive cognitive function evaluation. Results A total of 189 chronic dialysis patients were enrolled in this study, 122 cases on hemodialysis (HD) and 67 cases on peritoneal dialysis (PD). There was no significant difference in age between HD and PD groups [(56.4±13.2) years vs (56.4±16.1) years, t=0.004, P=0.997]. The dialysis vintage and serum albumin of HD patients was higher than those of PD patients[58.0(16.8, 107.5) months vs 31.0(7.0, 67.0) months, Z=-3.490, P＜0.001; (39.6±3.9) g/L vs (35.3±3.8) g/L, t=7.328，P＜0.001, respectively]. The prevalence of cerebral small vessel diseases (CSVDs) was comparable between HD and PD groups (all P＞0.05). Compared with HD patients, PD patients presented a 11.90-fold risk of immediate memory impairment (95%CI 1.40-101.08, P=0.023) and a 6.18-fold risk of long-delayed memory impairment (95%CI 2.12-18.05, P=0.001). After adjusting for age, educational lever, dialysis vintage, serum creatinine, and CSVDs, the influence of dialysis modality on memory still worked. PD patients presented a 43% risk of executive function impairment of HD patients (OR=0.43, 95%CI 0.17-1.04, P=0.061). Conclusions HD patients manifested better memory than PD patients, while PD probably performed better in executive function than HD patients. There was no significant difference in language function between the two groups. The difference in cognitive function may not be related to CSVDs.     

Application of covered stent grafts for intracranial vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms

OBJECT: Utilization of covered stent grafts in treating neurovascular disorders has been reported, but their efficacy and safety in vertebral artery (VA) dissecting aneurysms needs further investigation. METHODS: Six cases are presented involving VA dissecting aneurysms that were treated by positioning a covered stent graft. Two aneurysms were located distal to the posterior inferior cerebellar artery, and 4 were located proximal to the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Aspirin as well as ticlopidine or clopidogrel were administered after the procedure to prevent stent-related thrombosis. All patients were followed up both angiographically and clinically. RESULTS: Five of the 6 patients underwent successful placement of a covered stent graft. The covered stent could not reach the level of the aneurysm in 1 patient with serious vasospasm who died secondary to severe subarachnoid hemorrhage that occurred 3 days later. Patient follow-up ranged from 6 to 14 months (mean 10.4 months), and demonstrated complete stabilization of the obliterated aneurysms, and no obvious intimal hyperplasia. No procedure-related complications such as stenosis or embolization occurred in the 5 patients with successful stent graft placement. CONCLUSIONS: Although long-term follow-up studies using a greater number of patients is required for further validation of this technique, this preliminary assessment shows that covered stent graft placement is an efficient, safe, and microinvasive technique, and is a promising tool in treating intracranial VA dissecting aneurysms.     

远外侧入路治疗颅颈交界腹侧病变的探讨

目的 探讨远外侧人路在处治中下斜坡、颈延交界区腹侧及颈静脉孔区病变的应用。方法对23例患者采用远外侧入路显微外科手术,其中枕髁后入路12例,经部分枕髁入路5例,经C1-2关节面侧方联合经部分枕髁入路3例,经颈静脉结节入路2例,经完整枕髁入路1例。结果20例肿瘤全部切除15例,近全部切除5例,3例椎一基底动脉瘤均顺利夹闭,3例行枕颈融合,无手术死亡率,结果满意。所有患者术后均未出现寰枕关节不稳定的症状,手术并发症主要是后组颅神经损伤、椎动脉损伤、脑脊液漏以及脑干、小脑或脊髓缺血。结论远外侧入路是脑干和上段颈髓腹侧、腹外侧病变的理想入路,但手术操作较复杂,具有一定的潜在风险,应根据病变性质、位置和延伸范围来选择入路,进而最低限度切除颅底骨质。     

谷氨酰胺颗粒对创伤患者免疫功能影响的多中心、随机、双盲对照研究

目的观察服用谷氨酰胺(GLN)颗粒对创伤、烧伤及大手术患者免疫功能的影响及可能发生的不良反应。方法采用随机、双盲、安慰剂平行对照法,将受试患者分为谷氨酰胺组(GLN组)和安慰剂对照组(P组),每组60例,两组患者采用等氮、等热量的营养支持。GLN组口服或管饲GLN 0.5 g.kg-1.d-1,对照组使用同等剂量的安慰剂(甘氨酸),疗程为7 d。比较两组患者血浆GLN浓度和各项免疫指标的变化,并观察患者肝肾功能的变化及不良反应发生情况。结果伤后患者血浆GLN浓度、多形核粒细胞(PMN)吞噬能力、淋巴细胞亚型比值(CD4/CD8)、白细胞介素2(IL-2)水平明显低于正常值,而免疫球蛋白和补体C3、C4含量变化不明显。与P组相比,GLN组患者用药7 d后血浆GLN浓度明显增高[(593±185)μmol/L和(407±190)μmol/L],增幅达45.7%(P<0.01),GLN组免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量、IL-2水平、CD4/CD8及PMN吞噬率明显高于P组(P<0.05~0.01),而免疫球蛋白G、M(IgG、IgM)及补体C3、C4含量、血尿常规及肝、肾功能两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。少数患者出现轻微不良反应,如恶心、腹泻和便秘等,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论服用GLN颗粒能显著提高血浆GLN浓度,明显减轻伤后免疫抑制,提高机体免疫功能,临床应用无明显不良反应。