β-谷甾醇对子宫颈癌细胞微管系统的影响

目的 探讨β-谷甾醇对子宫颈癌细胞SiHa的生长抑制作用及对细胞内微管系统的影响。方法 采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝（MTT）法测定β-谷甾醇对SiHa细胞的增殖抑制作用,并用流式细胞技术分析β-谷甾醇作用前后细胞周期的变化,应用激光共聚焦显微技术观察β-谷甾醇处理的SiHa细胞内微管和微管相关蛋白2的表达、分布,采用蛋白免疫印迹法检测微管蛋白、微管相关蛋白2的表达,及聚合和未聚合微管蛋白含量的变化。结果 20μmol／L的β-谷甾醇能明显抑制SiHa细胞的增殖,并显著促进S期细胞的集聚。激光共聚焦分析表明,β-谷甾醇作用5d的SiHa细胞微管网络异常,微管相关蛋白2表达显著下调,蛋白免疫印迹结果进一步证实β-谷甾醇能抑制微管蛋白α和微管相关蛋白2的表达,同时β-谷甾醇能抑制SiHa细胞内微管蛋白的聚合,并随着作用时间的延长而逐渐增强。结论 β-谷甾醇能降低SiHa细胞微管蛋白α和微管相关蛋白2的表达,并抑制SiHa细胞内微管的聚合,提示β-谷甾醇具有一定的抗微管作用,这一作用可能是造成SiHa细胞生长抑制的重要原因。     

美皮康敷料预防桡动脉穿刺处皮肤压疮效果观察

目的探讨美皮康敷料预防桡动脉穿刺处皮肤压疮的效果。方法采用随机数字表方法将符合纳入标准的心脏介入治疗患者202例分为观察组和对照组各101例。观察组术后穿刺处应用美皮康覆盖伤口并绕腕1周,再用TR-Band止血阀压迫;对照组穿刺处应用无菌纱布覆盖伤口,再用TR-Band止血阀压迫。观察去除止血阀和敷料后,穿刺处周围皮肤压疮的发生率。结果观察组压疮发生率为0.9%,对照组压疮发生率为17.8%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);观察组疼痛程度显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论使用美皮康敷料改良加压止血可明显降低穿刺处周围皮肤压疮的发生率,减轻患者痛苦。     

Clinical characteristics and risk factors for fatal outcome of patients receiving Sun's procedure after previous cardiac surgery

BackgroundCardiac reoperation has always been a difficult problem in clinical practice. Because of the difficulty of operation, the incidence of complications and mortality rate is high. Secondary aortic surgery, especially the reoperation involving arch, has higher risk and is more difficult for patients with renal failure. Sun's operation (total arch replacement + stent elephant nose) has achieved good results in the treatment of diseases involving aortic arch, and occupies an important position in the treatment of patients with secondary arch lesions after cardiac surgery.MethodsA total of 395 patients with a history of cardiac surgery were recorded in our center from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2017, among whom 118 (30.1%) patients underwent aortic reoperation via the original incision using Sun's aortic procedure owing to postoperative great vessel disease. We analyzed the clinical data and survival time, and used Cox regression to analyze the risk factors for 30-day mortality as well as long term mortality.ResultsThe interval between the last operation and the present operation was 0.08–19 years. Sixteen patients died within 30 days after operation and the average mortality rate was 13.6%. During the follow-up period, 28 patients died, with the mortality rate of 23.7%. As of December 31, 2017, the longest survival time was 9.36 years, and the survival time of 70 patients was more than 3.05 years. The main risk factor associated with the 30-day survival was cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time. The longer the CPB time was, the greater the risk of death was. The main risk factors associated with the long-term survival were CPB time and 24-h bleeding volume. The longer the CPB time was, the more the 24-h bleeding volume was, the higher long-term mortality rate was.ConclusionThe second Sun's operation, as a surgical treatment after cardiac surgery, showed a high survival rate, with long survival time and good curative effect. CPB is the main risk factor for the 30-day survival state after operation, and CPB time and 24-h bleeding volume are the main risk factors for the long-term survival state after operation.     

180例鼻咽癌调强放疗临床分析

目的 探讨鼻咽癌调强放疗(intensity modulated radiation therapy,IMRT)的实施,观察近期疗效,并分析其急慢性不良反应.方法 鼻咽癌IMRT初治患者180例,按1992年福州分期标准,Ⅰ期13例,Ⅱ期52例,Ⅲ期86例,Ⅳ期29例;鼻咽和上颈淋巴引流区作IMRT,原发灶GTV照射中位剂量72.6Gy(70.4～83.6Gy),2.2 Gy/f,下颈淋巴引流区予颈前切线野照射,50～70Gy/2Gy/f.结果 随访中位时间24个月(12～48个月),1、2年总生存率分别为100%、94.4%,1、2年无局部复发率分别为96.4%、93.3%,无区域进展生存率分别为98.3%、97.5%,无远处转移生存率分别为90.1%、82.4%.N分期是影响无远处转移生存率的最重要预后因素(P＝0.04).最严重的急性不良反应是放射性黏膜炎,Ⅰ～Ⅳ级分别为26.6%、43.8%、23.3%、1.1%.晚期不良反应主要表现为口干,Ⅰ级37.2%,Ⅱ级7.3%.结论 鼻咽癌IMRT靶区剂量高,周围正常组织受量小,不良反应轻微,是一种治疗鼻咽癌的有效方法.     

Multiple SNPs within and surrounding the apolipoprotein E gene influence cerebrospinal fluid apolipoprotein E protein levels

The epsilon4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) is associated with increased risk and earlier age at onset in late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Other factors, such as expression level of apolipoprotein E protein (apoE), have been postulated to modify the APOE related risk of developing AD. Multiple loci in and outside of APOE are associated with a high risk of AD. The aim of this exploratory hypothesis generating investigation was to determine if some of these loci predict cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) apoE levels in healthy non-demented subjects. CSF apoE levels were measured from healthy non-demented subjects 21-87 years of age (n=134). Backward regression models were used to evaluate the influence of 21 SNPs, within and surrounding APOE, on CSF apoE levels while taking into account age, gender, APOE epsilon4 and correlation between SNPs (linkage disequilibrium). APOE epsilon4 genotype does not predict CSF apoE levels. Three SNPs within the TOMM40 gene, one APOE promoter SNP and two SNPs within distal APOE enhancer elements (ME1 and BCR) predict CSF apoE levels. Further investigation of the genetic influence of these loci on apoE expression levels in the central nervous system is likely to provide new insight into apoE regulation as well as AD pathogenesis.     

股骨头缺血坏死介入治疗中的特殊方法:导丝成形术

目的介绍一种股骨头缺血坏死介入治疗的新方法———导丝成形术。方法2003-01—2005-12间共有248例股骨头缺血坏死(ANFH)患者(375髋)在我院接受了介入治疗,其中26例患者接受了特殊的介入治疗方法———导丝成形术(均为单侧接受此方法治疗,共26髋)。我们对这26例患者导丝成形术治疗前后的DSA影像表现的变化及治疗效果进行对比研究。结果经用此方法治疗成功的患者髋部疼痛及关节功能障碍均有明显的减轻和改善,DSA显示治疗后闭塞中断和/或严重狭窄的血管再通,血供得到不同程度恢复,远端分支血管计数增加。结论导丝成形术对于ANFH患者是一种有效的治疗方法,其短期疗效明显。     

单基因肾钙质沉着症的研究进展

肾钙质沉着症常与肾结石病伴发,近年来越来越多的肾钙质沉着症被发现是由单基因病所致,其发病机制尚未完全阐明。随着分子遗传学的发展,已发现30多种基因是肾钙质沉着症的致病基因。同时,随着基因检测技术的广泛开展,更多的患者得到了早期诊断和及时干预。现就单基因肾钙质沉着症的临床和基础研究进展进行综述。     

紫草解毒软膏质量标准研究

目的 建立紫草解毒软膏的质量标准. 方法 采用薄层色谱(TLC)法对其中盐酸小檗碱、紫草进行鉴别;高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定其中左旋紫草素的含量,色谱柱为Hypersil BDS C₁₈柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm);流动相为甲醇-0.2%磷酸(25：75);流速为1.0 mL.min^-1;检测波长516 nm;柱温为30 ℃. 结果TLC鉴别盐酸小檗碱、紫草具有很好的分离效果. 左旋紫草素在4.47～143.10 μg.mL^-1浓度范围内线性关系良好,r＝0.999 9,平均回收率为97.5%(RSD＝1.42%). 结论 所建立的鉴别方法 专属性强,定量方法 简便,准确,可用于紫草解毒软膏的质量控制.     

利伐沙班预防全膝关节置换术后静脉血栓栓塞症的临床研究

目的探讨利伐沙班和那曲肝素在预防人工膝关节表面置换术（TKA）术后静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）的疗效和抗凝并发症方面的差异。方法接受初始单侧膝关节表面置换手术的骨关节炎患者75例,随机分为利伐沙班组（n=50）和那曲肝素组（n=25）。监测术后1、3、5 d血常规并记录异体血输血率和输血量,测量术前和术后1、3和5 d大腿周径,了解肢体肿胀程度。观察切口愈合情况,记录切口并发症。同时,根据肢体肿胀程度查下肢血管超声诊断或排除VTE。结果利伐沙班组发生1例股深静脉血栓（2.00%）,那曲肝素组无VTE发生,VTE发生率无组间统计学差异（P〉0.05）。两组均无大出血事件发生。利伐沙班组5例发生小出血事件,那曲肝素组为2例,小出血事件发生率无组间统计学差异（P〉0.05）。利伐沙班组2例切口乙级愈合,那曲肝素组全部甲级愈合,切口感染率无组间统计学差异（P〉0.05）。利伐沙班异体输血率54.00%,输血量（286.00±302.38）ml,相对那曲肝素组无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。利伐沙班组与那曲肝素组患者术后大腿周径变化总体无组间统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论本组数据显示利伐沙班预防TKA术后VTE的疗效和出血并发症与那曲肝素大致相当。