2010—2021年国内外老年多重慢病研究热点分析

背景 随着人口老龄化进程的加快,同时患有多种慢病已成为老年人的常态,老年多重慢病相关研究也不断丰富,但鲜有对其研究进展及热点进行分析。目的 分析国内外老年多重慢病的研究热点,揭示近十年来（2010—2021年）老年多重慢病领域研究前沿的热点主题,为相关研究者追踪前沿信息提供参考。方法 基于文本挖掘技术和文献计量学等方法,检索Web of Science核心合集、Scopus、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网、PubMed、中华医学会期刊全文数据库、APA-PsycINFO美国心理学会数据库中老年多重慢病领域的相关文献,检索时间为2010—2021年。使用CiteSpace 6.1.3、PASW 18、BICOMB 2.04等软件对文献的发文量趋势、来源、作者、机构、关键词等方面进行分析及可视化,并绘制战略坐标图对领域研究热点进行分析。结果 最终纳入老年多重慢病相关文献9 392篇,其中外文文献5 776篇,中文文献3 616篇。2010—2021年老年多重慢病领域中外文献发文量均呈指数型增长,中文文献年增长率为13.27%,外文文献年增长率为15.84%,该领域正处于发展阶段。中...     

妊娠中晚期暴露于可卡因对子代海马发育的影响

目的　建立妊娠中晚期暴露于可卡因的小鼠动物模型 ,研究可卡因对子代海马的发育是否具有影响以及这种影响在可卡因诱发的神经行为异常发病机理中可能所起的作用。方法　运用水迷宫方法观察可卡因对子鼠青春期空间辨别能力的影响 ,分别采用甲苯胺蓝染色技术和免疫组织化学结合图象分析技术观察海马中锥体细胞和神经胶质细胞的发育情况。结果　妊娠中晚期暴露于可卡因的小鼠子代在青春期海马锥体细胞极性紊乱 ,发育不良 ,未迁移到正常位置 ;神经胶质细胞数目减少。水迷宫结果显示可卡因可引起子代寻找平台的潜休期延长。结论　妊娠中晚期暴露于可卡因可引起子代青春期海马发育异常 ,这可能在可卡因引起子代空间辨别能力下降的发病机理中起着重要作用。     

小鼠FoxP3基因腺相关病毒的制备与鉴定

目的:构建携带小鼠FoxP3基因的重组腺相关病毒,并检测其在NIH3T3细胞的表达情况。方法:将FoxP3通过内部核糖体进入位点(IRES)与报告基因增强型绿色荧光蛋白连接,构建同时含有目的基因和报告基因的重组腺相关病毒(rAAV)表达质粒,通过磷酸钙沉淀法共转染HEK293细胞,收获并通过肝素亲和层析法纯化病毒,并对病毒纯度和滴度进行鉴定。利用携带FoxP3基因的重组病毒体外感染小鼠NIH3T3细胞,体外观察感染效率和目的基因转录情况。结果:包装成功的rAAV/FoxP3经纯化后获得了高纯度的rAAV/FoxP3,实时定量PCR检测rAAV/FoxP3的病毒滴度达到5.0×1012vg/mL,体外感染NIH3T3细胞,流式细胞术测定感染效率可达92.88%,实时PCR测定细胞内存在高水平FoxP3mRNA。结论:获得携带FoxP3-IRES-EGFP的rAAV,并可有效感染NIH3T3细胞,为进一步研究FoxP3的生物学功能提供了有效工具。     

Responses of reticulospinal neurons in the lateral reticular nucleus area of the rat to cutaneous noxious and non-noxious stimulation

Response properties of reticulospinal neurons in the lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) area to natural cutaneous stimulation were investigated systematically in 45 urethane-anesthetized rats by using extracellular recording techniques. A total of 64 neurons were tested with peripheral stimuli, of which 19 were responsive only to noxious stimuli; 7 responsive to both noxious and non-noxious stimuli; 4 responsive only to non-noxious stimuli; and 34 not responsive to any cutaneous stimuli. Both the noxious and non-noxious receptive fields were large and bilateral. Among the neurons responding to noxious stimuli, the majority (72%) was excited. This study provides evidence that some reticulospinal neurons in the rat LRN area are involved in the mechanisms of nociception.     

半导体激光体外照射血管治疗仪的研制

为克服 He-Ne激光血管内照射疗法所具有的不足,我们采用830nm、500mW半导体激光器,研制了用于体外血管照射的激光治疗仪.设计了易于固定的激光输出头,并且采用单片机控制整机,提高了仪器的稳定性和可靠性.临床应用取得了令人满意的治疗效果.     

实验性糖尿病对小鼠肝脏酶组织化学和超微结构的影响

实验用四氧嘧啶建造糖尿病动物模型，８周后取肝作组织学、酶组织化学和超微结构的观察，以探讨实验性糖尿病对肝组织结构和功能的影响。表明在糖尿病状态下，肝细胞的结构和功能均受到一定的损害。     

线粒体DNA继发突变对Leber遗传性视神经病变的影响

Leber遗传性视神经病变是一种多发于青壮年的母系遗传性疾病,可导致双眼严重的急性无痛性、且一般是永久性的双侧中心视野缺失.3个线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)原发突变ND4 G11778A、ND1 G3460A和N06 T14484C是其致病的主要因素,但家族问及家族内不同成员之间的表型差异表明存在其他的修饰因子,包括核及线粒体遗传修饰因子、环境因素.本综述主要阐述mtDNA继发突变对LHON表型表达的影响.     

Spontaneous waves in the dentate gyrus of slices from the ventral hippocampus

Spontaneous negative-going potentials occurring at an average frequency of 0.7 Hz were recorded from the dentate gyrus of slices prepared from the temporal hippocampus of young adult rats. These events (here termed "dentate waves") in several respects resembled the dentate spikes described for freely moving rats during immobile behaviors and slow-wave sleep. Action potentials were observed on the descending portion of the in vitro waves and, as expected from this, whole cell recordings established that the waves were composed of depolarizing currents. Dentate waves appeared to be locally generated within the granule cell layer and were greatly reduced by antagonists of AMPA-type glutamate receptors or by lesions to the entorhinal cortex. Simultaneous recordings indicated that the waves were often synchronized in the inner and outer blades of the dentate gyrus. Knife cuts through the perforant path and the commissural/associational system did not eliminate synchronization, leaving electrotonic propagation via gap junctions as its probable cause. In accord with this, cuts that separated the two blades of the dentate eliminated synchronization between them, and a compound that inhibits gap junctions reduced wave activity. Dentate waves were regularly accompanied by sharp waves in field CA3 and were reduced in size by the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, physostigmine. It is hypothesized that dentate waves occur when spontaneous glutamate release from dentate afferents produces action potentials in neighboring granule cells that then summate electrotonically into a population event; once initiated, the waves propagate, again electrotonically, and thereby engage a significant portion of the granule cell population.     

Immunohistochemical analysis of centromere protein F expression in buccal and gingival squamous cell carcinoma

Centromere protein F (CENP-F) expression (localization and characteristics) in relation to tumor clinicopathological parameters was immunohistochemically examined and evaluated in 47 archival biopsy specimens of buccal and gingival squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Centromere protein F expression was detected in 79% of the samples. An increase in the labeling index (LI) with WHO grading was obtained ( P  < 0.05). Correlations were obtained between the CENP-F LI and tumor size ( P  < 0.05). Immunoelectron microscopy showed CENP-F nuclear staining as punctate or fine dots. The present study shows that CENP-F expression and detection of a more specific cell subpopulation presents a theoretical advantage for the analysis of the precise cell cycle of G₂ to M cells, compared to Ki-67.