罗勒多糖对人树突细胞抗原摄取功能及共刺激分子表达的影响

目的探讨罗勒多糖对人外周血单核细胞来源的树突细胞（dendritic cells，DC）抗原摄取功能以及共刺激分子表达的影响。方法从正常人外周血单核细胞诱导未成熟和成熟的DC，实验组加入罗勒多糖（150μg/ml），对照组加入PBS，分别培养24h，收获未成熟的DC，与OVA—FTTC（100μg/ml）共同孵育，流式细胞仪检测DC的抗原摄取能力。同时收获成熟DC，流式细胞仪检测DC表面共刺激分子CD80、CD86的表达情况。结果与对照组比较，罗勒多糖作用组DC的抗原摄取能力显著提高，同时成熟DC表面共刺激分子CD80、CD86的表达也明显升高。结论罗勒多糖可显著增强DC的抗原摄取能力，并且能够提高细胞表面共刺激分子的表达，这可能是罗勒多糖发挥抗肿瘤免疫的机制之一。     

大鼠杏仁中央核血管活性肠多肽标记神经元的年龄变化

用免疫细胞化学和图像分析研究了大鼠杏仁中央核内管活性肠多肽标记神经元的分布和形态的增龄性变化，血管活性肠多肽标记神经元胞体主要位于杏仁中央核的外侧亚区，外囊亚区内亦有少量分布，偶见于内侧亚区和腹侧亚区。     

Identification and isolation of a common tumor-associated molecule using monoclonal antibody

A monoclonal antibody, 16B-13, derived from the immunization of BALB/c mice with a lung tumor line, immunoprecipitates a common tumor-associated molecule with an apparent mol. wt of 37,000 from lactoperoxidase-ionated lung carcinoma, colon carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, brest carcinoma, melanoma and lymphona cells, but not from normal fibroblasts. Analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of the cell surface-labeled 16B-13 antigen from a colorectal and a melanoma cell line reveals four components with similar mol. wts but with different isoelectric points. The antigen purified froma a colorectal carcinoma cell line by immunoaffinity chromatography was shown to be a 37,000 mol. wt polypeptide similar to that obtained by the lactoperoxidase-labeling procedure. However, the purified antigen from the melanoma cell line shows the presence of a 65,000 mol. wt polypeptide and the loss of the 37,000 mol. wt component as detected by Comassie blue staining and immunoprecipitation.     

Noggin signaling from Xenopus animal blastomere lineages promotes a neural fate in neighboring vegetal blastomere lineages.

In Xenopus, localized factors begin to regionalize embryonic fates prior to the inductive interactions that occur during gastrulation. We previously reported that an animal-to-vegetal signal that occurs prior to gastrulation promotes primary spinal neuron fate in vegetal equatorial (C-tier) blastomere lineages. Herein we demonstrate that maternal mRNA encoding noggin is enriched in animal tiers and at low concentrations in the C-tier, suggesting that the neural fates of C-tier blastomeres may be responsive to early signaling from their neighboring cells. In support of this hypothesis, experimental alteration of the levels of Noggin from animal equatorial (B-tier) or BMP4 from vegetal (D-tier) blastomeres significantly affects the numbers of primary spinal neurons derived from their neighboring C-tier blastomeres. These effects are duplicated in blastomere explants isolated at cleavage stages and cultured in the absence of gastrulation interactions. Co-culture with animal blastomeres enhanced the expression of zygotic neural markers in C-tier blastomere explants, whereas co-culture with vegetal blastomeres repressed them. The expression of these markers in C-tier explants was promoted when Noggin was transiently added to the culture during cleavage/morula stages, and repressed with the transient addition of BMP4. Reduction of Noggin translation in B-tier blastomeres by antisense morpholino oligonucleotides significantly reduced the efficacy of neural marker induction in C-tier explants. These experiments indicate that early anti-BMP signaling from the animal hemisphere recruits vegetal equatorial cells into the neural precursor pool prior to interactions that occur during gastrulation.     

血管内皮生长因子受体-1促进肝癌细胞侵袭和转移的初步研究

目的 检测不同转移潜能的肝癌细胞中有无血管内皮生长因子受体-1(VEGFR-1)及其配体(VEGF)的表达以探讨VEGFR-1在肝癌侵袭转移中的作用.方法 分别用RT-PCR、ELISA和/或Western blot法检测四种肝癌细胞株MHCC97-H、MHCC97-L、SMMC 7721和HepG 2有无VEGFR-1 mRNA和蛋白表达,用VEGFR-1的特异性配体VEGF-B处理MHCC97-H细胞以研究VEGFR-1活化对肝癌细胞迁移、侵袭和增殖等的影响.结果 MHCC97-H、MHCC97-L和SMMC 7721有VEGFR-1 mRNA和蛋白表达,但4种肝癌细胞都有VEGFR-1的配体VEGF-A和VEGF-B的表达;VEGFR-1活化能促进肝癌细胞MHCC97-H侵袭和迁移;VEGFR-1依赖的侵袭和迁移能被VEGFR-1的中和抗体18F1阻断,VEGFR-1活化不能促进细胞增殖和存活.结论 VEGFR-1及其配体的表达与肝癌细胞的侵袭转移有关,肝癌中的VEGF过表达可以自分泌的方式激活表达VEGFR-1的肝癌细胞,VEGFR-1及其配体可能是防治原发性肝癌侵袭转移的新靶点.     

三个新的PAH基因短串联重复序列多态性及其在苯丙酮尿症产前诊断中的应用

目的提高经典型苯丙酮尿症的产前诊断的成功率。方法在苯丙氨酸羟化酶（phenylalanine hydroxylase，PAH）基因附近选择了3个新的短串联重复序列（short tandem repeat，STR）位点（PAH26、PAH32和PAH9），进行扩增长度片段多态性分析，确定它们在中国人群的分布及在诊断中的应用价值。结果3个新的STR位点的多态信息含量分别为0．518（PAH26）、0．413（PAH32）和0．362（PAH9）。这3个位点之间，PAH9与第3内含子中的STR位点（TCTA）n之间存在连锁不平衡，其他位点组合不存在连锁不平衡。联合第3内含子中的STR位点（TCTA）n和2个新的位点，可以对家系中突变基因标记进行95％N断，并成功地用于4例产前诊断中。结论选择性地应用PAH基因中的3个STR位点组合，可以95％地区分经典型苯丙酮尿症家系中父母的两个基因，从而准确地进行快速产前诊断。     

从氧自由基、一氧化氮探讨四逆汤抗急性失血性休克的肝脏机制

目的:从氧自由基、一氧化氮探讨四逆汤抗急性失血性休克的肝脏机制。方法:复制急性失血性休克大鼠模型, 分为假手术对照组;单纯休克模型组;休克+生理盐水复苏组;休克+四逆注射液复苏组。四逆注射液(浓度1000g生药/L), 剂量0.1mL/200g大鼠。用生理盐水或四逆注射液治疗3h后处死动物并取组织。测定各组肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)水平, 一氧化氮(NO)水平。采用免疫组化染色法, 观察诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)在肝细胞中的变化特点。RT-PCR观测肝细胞iNOS和内皮源性一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)基因表达的变化。结果:模型组在休克1h后SOD活性明显低于对照组(P＜0.01)、MDA水平明显高于对照组(P＜0.01)。四逆汤组复苏3h后肝组织SOD明显高于生理盐水组(P＜0.01)、MDA低于生理盐水组(P＜0.01)、NO水平明显高于生理盐水组(P＜0.01)。生理盐水组iNOS在肝细胞中染色阳性单位明显高于四逆汤组(P＜0.05)。生理盐水组促进iNOSmRNA的表达。四逆汤组eNOSmRNA的表达增强。结论:四逆汤通过清除氧自由基, 升高NO, 改善肝组织微循环, 减少诱导型iNOS表达的各种因素, 理论上减轻了NO与氧自由基生成的ONOO的细胞毒作用和血管的低反应性, 并对肝脏起到保护作用。     

Corticofugal amplification of facilitative auditory responses of subcortical combination-sensitive neurons in the mustached bat

Recent studies on the bat's auditory system indicate that the corticofugal system mediates a highly focused positive feedback to physiologically "matched" subcortical neurons, and widespread lateral inhibition to physiologically "unmatched" subcortical neurons, to adjust and improve information processing. These findings have solved the controversy in physiological data, accumulated since 1962, of corticofugal effects on subcortical auditory neurons: inhibitory, excitatory, or both (an inhibitory effect is much more frequent than an excitatory effect). In the mustached bat, Pteronotus parnellii parnellii, the inferior colliculus, medial geniculate body, and auditory cortex each have "FM-FM" neurons, which are "combination-sensitive" and are tuned to specific time delays (echo delays) of echo FM components from the FM components of an emitted biosonar pulse. FM-FM neurons are more complex in response properties than cortical neurons which primarily respond to single tones. In the present study, we found that inactivation of the entire FM-FM area in the cortex, including neurons both physiologically matched and unmatched with subcortical FM-FM neurons, on the average reduced the facilitative responses to paired FM sounds by 82% for thalamic FM-FM neurons and by 66% for collicular FM-FM neurons. The corticofugal influence on the facilitative responses of subcortical combination-sensitive neurons is much larger than that on the excitatory responses of subcortical neurons primarily responding to single tones. Therefore we propose the hypothesis that, in general, the processing of complex sounds by combination-sensitive neurons more heavily depends on the corticofugal system than that by single-tone sensitive neurons.     

Detection of factor Ⅷ intron 1 inversion in severe haemophilia A

Objective Screening the intron 1 inversion of factor Ⅷ (FⅧ) in the population of severe haemophilia A(HA) in China and performing carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis. Methods Using LD-PCR to detect intron 22 inversions and multiple-PCR within two tubes to intron 1 inversions in sereve HA patients. Carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis were performed in affected families. Linkage analysis and DNA sequencing were used to verify these tests. Results One hundred and eighteen patients were seven diagnosed as intron 22 inversions and 7 were intron 1 inversions out of 247 severe HA patients. The prevalence of the intron 1 inversion in Chinese severe haemophilia A patients was 2. 8% (7/247). Six women from family A and 2 from family B were diagnosed as carriers. One fetus from family A was affected fetus. Conclusion Intron 1 inversion could be detected directly by multiple-PCR within two tubes. This method made the strategy more perfective in carrier and prenatal diagnosis of haemophilia A.     

一种新型的脱细胞组织工程血管支架的构建和评价

本研究的目的是制备一种免疫原性较小、生物相容性较好、力学性能优良的组织工程血管支架。新鲜获得的犬主动脉,置于三蒸水中4℃过夜，使血管细胞由于渗透压差较大而破裂；随后经过多聚环氧化合物家族的乙二醇缩水甘油醚（EX-810）的作用。进一步促进细胞破裂的同时。对血管支架的纤维结构起交联作用；最后应用物理超声的方法清除支架内的细胞碎片残留。用这种方法处理的犬主动脉内几乎没有可见的核染，基本消除了血管支架的免疫原性。同新鲜的血管相比较。这种组织工程血管支架的各种力学指标与新鲜的犬主动脉没有显著差异。说明处理后的支架仍然保持新鲜血管的力学特征。同时它还表现出极低的细胞毒性。分别在支架上种植内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞，扫描电镜检测结果表明，两种细胞在支架上生长良好，且局部已经融合成片。 相容性