雷公藤多甙、参附注射液对急性肺损伤的防治作用及机理探讨

目的 :观察地塞米松 (DEX)、雷公藤多甙 (TWP)、参附注射液 (SF)对急性肺损伤 (ALI)的防治作用并进一步探讨其可能机理。方法 :动物随机分成ALI组、TWP组、DEX组、SF组和生理盐水对照组。酶联免疫吸附法 (ELISA)测定脾细胞培养液中干扰素(IFN) γ、白细胞介素 (IL) 4含量。伊文思蓝荧光法测定肺血管蛋白渗出量。肺湿重 /干重比反映肺水量。HE染色观察肺病理变化 ,对肺组织多形核粒细胞 (PMN)进行半定量计数。结果 :( 1)与对照组比较 ,ALI组脾细胞中IFN γ显著下降 (P <0 .0 1)、IL 4明显升高 (P <0 .0 1)。与ALI组比较 ,TWP组脾细胞中IFN γ、IL 4均明显降低 ,但以IL 4降低更为显著 (P <0 .0 1) ,IFN γ下降 ( 0 .0 1相似文献   

口服维生素K1对新生儿维生素K缺乏诱导蛋白的影响

目的 探讨口服维生素K1（VK1）对新生儿VK缺乏症诱导蛋白Ⅱ（PIVKA－Ⅱ）的影响及口服VK1的最佳剂量。方法 随机将101例足月新生儿分为口服VK1 2.5mg组、5mg组及对照组三组，出生时均采集脐血，用酶联免疫吸附法测定PIVKA－Ⅱ含量，3d后复查三组新生儿血PIVKA－Ⅱ含量。结果 PIVKA－Ⅱ≥2mg/ml人数2.5mg组由8例降至4例，5mg组由11例降至2例，对照组由11例降至8例。经统计学处理，2.5mg组与5mg组比较P＞0．05；口服VK1组与对照组比较P＜0．05。结论 PIVKA－Ⅱ的变化与口服VK1剂量的差异无显著性。     

麦冬对甲基磺酸甲酯诱发的小鼠精子非程序DNA合成的抑制作用

目的:观察中草药麦冬对雄性小鼠生殖细胞遗传物质损伤的防护作用.方法:采用雄性小鼠生殖细胞非程序DNA合成实验.结果:麦冬各剂量组诱导的非程序DNA合成与正常对照组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);6.8～13.6 g*kg-1剂量,麦冬对甲基磺酸甲酯所诱导的非程序DNA合成有明显抑制作用(P<0.01),并且随着麦冬浓度的增加,其抑制作用逐渐增强,超过一定剂量,其抑制作用不再增强.结论:麦冬对小鼠生殖细胞遗传物质具有保护作用.     

布比卡因对维吾尔族手术患者心肌酶谱的影响

目的观察全麻硬膜外布比卡因复合麻醉对维吾尔族上腹部手术患者心肌酶谱的影响。方法随机将择期行上腹部手术维吾尔族患者30例分为两组(每组15例),均先行T8～9或T9～10间隙硬膜外穿刺并置管,成功后用芬太尼2μg/kg、维库溴铵0.1mg/kg、咪唑安定0.15mg/kg、异丙酚2mg/kg诱导行气管插管,用异氟醚吸入和异丙酚3mg·kg-1·h-1恒速输注维持麻醉。A组手术切皮前由硬膜外导管分次注入0.5%布比卡因1.8mg/kg,用量(17.0±3.2)ml[(82.5±12.6)mg];B组注入1.6%利多卡因、0.16%丁卡因合剂(16.0±4.6)ml。分别监测术前(T0)、全麻诱导后(T1)、插管后5min(T2)及术毕(T3)的血流动力学和心肌酶谱的变化。结果两组谷草转氨酶(GOT)和肌酸磷酸激酶(CPK)在术毕较对照值明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);A组乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)在插管后5min及术毕较B组明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),其余指标均在正常范围。结论全麻复合硬膜外布比卡因阻滞麻醉对行上腹部手术的维吾尔族患者的心肌酶无明显影响。     

Spotlight on the Pharmacoeconomics of Candesartan Cilexetil in Chronic Heart Failure and Hypertension

The addition of candesartan cilexetil (Atacand®, Amias®, Biopress®, Kenzen®, Ratacand®) to standard therapy for chronic heart failure (CHF) provided important clinical benefits at little or no additional cost in France, Germany, and the UK, according to a detailed economic analysis focusing on major cardiovascular events and prospectively collected resource-use data from the CHARM-Added and CHARM-Alternative trials in patients with CHF and left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction. Results of a corresponding cost-effectiveness analysis showed that candesartan cilexetil was either dominant over placebo or was associated with small incremental costs per life-year gained, depending on the country and whether individual trial or pooled data were used. Preliminary data from a US cost-effectiveness analysis based on CHARM data also showed favorable results for candesartan cilexetil.Two cost-effectiveness analyses of candesartan cilexetil in hypertension have been published, both conducted in Sweden. Data from the SCOPE trial in elderly patients with hypertension, which showed a significant reduction in nonfatal stroke with candesartan cilexetil-based therapy versus non-candesartan cilexetil-based treatment, were incorporated into a Markov model and an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of €12 824 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained was calculated (2001 value). Another modelled cost-effectiveness analysis of candesartan cilexetil was based on the ALPINE trial, in which the incidence of new-onset diabetes was significantly lower in patients with newly diagnosed hypertension who were randomized to candesartan cilexetil (with or without felodipine) than among those who received hydrochlorothiazide (with or without atenolol). Although candesartan cilexetil was dominant over hydrochlorothiazide, the ALPINE cost-effectiveness analysis relied on a small number of clinical events and did not evaluate the incremental cost of candesartan cilexetil per life-year or QALY gained.In conclusion, despite some inherent limitations, economic analyses incorporating CHARM data and conducted primarily in Europe have shown that candesartan cilexetil appears to be cost effective when added to standard CHF treatment in patients with CHF and compromized LV systolic function. The use of candesartan cilexetil as part of antihypertensive therapy in elderly patients with elevated blood pressure was also deemed to be cost effective in a Swedish analysis, primarily resulting from a reduced risk of nonfatal stroke (as shown in the SCOPE study); however, the generalizability of results to other contexts has not been established. Cost-effectiveness analyses comparing candesartan cilexetil with ACE inhibitors or other angiotensin receptor blockers in CHF or hypertension are lacking, and results reported for candesartan cilexetil in a Swedish economic analysis of ALPINE data focusing on outcomes for diabetes require confirmation and extension.     

2000年北京城区儿童哮喘患病情况调查分析

目的了解北京儿童哮喘的患病率、发病规律及影响因素,并进行10年前后的对比研究.方法采取整群抽样调查方法,按照10年前的调查范围,在北京市朝阳区及西城区2～4个街区内,向家长发放初筛问卷,筛选出相关疾病的可疑患者,再经哮喘中心医师统一问诊查体,填写调查表.所有数据经sas/pc统计软件分析.结果实际调查人数10 163人,2年内有喘息发作的哮喘现患率为2.05%,男女患病率分别为2.80%及1.24%,既往有哮喘的累计患病率为2.69%.性别、首次发作年龄、呼吸道感染、过敏及遗传因素与哮喘发作有关.早期正确诊断及应用吸入治疗的比率仍较低.对比1990年哮喘现患率的0.78%,2000年哮喘现患率是10年前的2.6倍.结论本次调查0～14岁儿童哮喘的患病率较10年前显著升高,且主要发生于学龄期.哮喘发作受诸多因素的影响,目前按GINA方案在哮喘的规范化治疗上仍有明显差距.     

宫颈癌细胞增殖和DNA倍体与放射敏感性的关系

为研究宫颈癌细胞增殖参数 S期比例 (SPF)、增殖指数 (PI)和 DNA倍体与宫颈癌放射敏感性的关系 ,探讨它们在预测宫颈癌放射敏感性中的价值。对 4 7例宫颈癌患者放疗前行宫颈癌组织取材 ,进行流式细胞术分析 ,在放疗过程中每周测量 1次宫颈局部瘤床的大小 ,计算肿瘤消退 1/ 2所需照射剂量 (D0 .5 ) ,研究 SPF、PI和 DNA倍体与D0 .5之间的关系。结果显示 :SPF与 D0 .5呈正相关 (r=0 .6 0 4 ,P<0 .0 1) ,PI与 D0 .5无明显关系 ,DNA倍体对 D0 .5的影响有显著性意义 (P<0 .0 5 )。提示 :宫颈癌细胞放疗前 SPF和 DNA倍体与放射敏感性有关 ,该两项指标有可能成为宫颈癌放射敏感性的预测指标     

热敏感肠毒素基因探针的制备及其特性的研究

LT基因探针是新近发展起来检测ETEC-LT⁺菌的一个快速诊断方法。本文较详细地介绍了它的制作方法并对其特性作了进一步地探讨。结果表明LT探针的特异性较强、敏感性较高,可测定7个菌/ml菌悬液和35个菌/ml粪便悬液(直接在硝酸纤维素滤膜上点样,用DNA-DNA原位杂交法检测)。基因探针法操作比常规的粪便培养分离鉴定简单、经济,有效期可达45~60天,一次能检测大量标本,这些特点使它适用于现场的大量标本检测和流行病学调查,因此将为深入研究ETEC的流行病学提供一个有用的工具。     

Correlates of depressive symptoms among Latino and Non-Latino White adolescents: Findings from the 2003 California Health Interview Survey

Background  

The prevalence of depression is increasing not only among adults, but also among adolescents. Several risk factors for depression in youth have been identified, including female gender, increasing age, lower socio-economic status, and Latino ethnic background. The literature is divided regarding the role of acculturation as risk factor among Latino youth. We analyzed the correlates of depressive symptoms among Latino and Non-Latino White adolescents residing in California with a special focus on acculturation.