犬食管导联和窦房结区及右心房电位同步记录的研究

目的探讨经食管导联信号平均无创性直接地记录窦房结电位(SNP)的技术。方法对8只犬进行了系列的实验研究,直接将双极电极放置于犬的食管导联、窦房结区和右房等部位进行同步记录与信号叠加同步记录;还对窦房结区、右房、左房等部位的局部电活动进行同步记录与观察;当交界心律出现时,再记录上述电位关系的改变。结果食管导联记录的P前波与窦房结区记录的电位同步,并超前于右心房的电位。结论采用信号平均叠加方法经食管导联所记录的P前波确为窦房结电位。     

经阴道无张力尿道中段悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁28例围术期护理体会

目的:探讨经阴道无张力尿道中段悬吊术(TVT)治疗女性压力性尿失禁的护理方法。方法:回顾性分析行TVT手术治疗的28例女性压力性尿失禁患者的护理资料,术前做好充分准备,术后加强对伤口的护理,密切观察病情变化,观察有无排尿困难、出血、感染等并发症。结果:本组24例术后排尿功能恢复良好,4例因膀胱不稳定或感染发生排尿困难,经持续导尿、膀胱训练及药物治疗后均恢复排尿功能。结论:对女性压力性尿失禁患者行TVT手术,并给予术前充分准备和术后严密观察护理,可减少术后并发症的发生,促进患者康复。     

Association of Vitamin D in Different Trimester with Hemoglobin during Pregnancy

The association between vitamin D and hemoglobin has been suggested. Vitamin D can affect erythropoiesis by the induction of erythroid progenitor cell proliferation and enhance iron absorption by regulating the iron-hepcidin-ferroportin axis in monocytes. However, this relationship in pregnant women is scarce. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between plasma vitamin D levels with hemoglobin concentration in pregnant women considering each trimester and iron supplementation. The data were obtained from Zhoushan Pregnant Women Cohort, collected from 2011 to 2018. Plasma 25(OH)D was measured in each trimester using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Generalized estimating equations and multiple linear regressions were performed. Finally, 2962 pregnant women and 4419 observations in the first trimester were included in this study. Plasma 25(OH)D in first trimester (T1) (β = 0.06, p = 0.0177), second trimester (T2) (β = 0.15, p < 0.0001), and third trimester (T3) (β = 0.12, p = 0.0006) were positively associated with Hb. Association between plasma 25(OH)D levels in T1 and Hb concentration was positively associated with gestational age (β = 0.005, p = 0.0421). Pregnant women with VD deficiency in T1 (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.07–1.88) or T2 (OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.30–2.89) presented an increased risk of anemia, compared with women without VD deficiency. Moreover, the significant relationship between VD and Hb was only observed among women with iron supplementation during pregnancy. Plasma 25(OH)D levels in each trimester were positively associated with Hb concentration. Iron supplementation might be an important factor affecting the relationship between VD and Hb.     

Investigation of Adhesion Properties of Tire—Asphalt Pavement Interface Considering Hydrodynamic Lubrication Action of Water Film on Road Surface

To obtain the tire–pavement peak adhesion coefficient under different road states, a field measurement and FE simulation were combined to analyze the tire–pavement adhesion characteristics in this study. According to the identified texture information, the power spectral distribution of the road surface was obtained using the MATLAB Program, and a novel tire hydroplaning FE model coupled with a textured pavement model was established in ABAQUS. Experimental results show that here exists an “anti-skid noncontribution area” for the insulation and lubrication of the water film. Driving at the limit speed of 120 km/h, the critical water film thickness for the three typical asphalt pavements during hydroplaning was as follows: AC pavement, 0.56 mm; SMA pavement, 0.76 mm; OGFC pavement, 1.5 mm. The road state could be divided into four parts dry state, wet sate, lubricated state, and ponding state. Under the dry road state, when the slip rate was around 15%, the adhesion coefficient reached the peak value, i.e., around 11.5% for the wet road state. The peak adhesion coefficient for the different asphalt pavements was in the order OGFC > SMA > AC. This study can provide a theoretical reference for explaining the tire–pavement interactions and improving vehicle brake system performance.     

Clinical acceptability, use-patterns and use-effectiveness of the vaginal contraceptive sponge and Neo Sampoon tablets--an international multi-center randomized clinical trial

This paper describes the results from a randomized clinical trial comparing the Collatex vaginal contraceptive sponge (a predecessor of the Today sponge) and Neo Sampoon foaming vaginal contraceptive tablets; the trial was conducted from 1979 to 1983 in four centers located in three countries (two in Yugoslavia and one each in Taiwan and Bangladesh). The sponge was associated with more insertion and retention problems than the tablet, especially in the two Asian centers. More Neo Sampoon users complained of a burning or stinging sensation. This complaint, however, seemed to be well-tolerated and was not a frequent reason for irregular use and/or discontinuation of use of the tablets. Clinically significant medical complications were rarely reported for either method. Sponge users were more likely to report irregular use than tablet users, primarily due to inconvenience of use. Rates of discontinuation at six months of use were also consistently higher among sponge users than Neo Sampoon users in the four centers. Life-table pregnancy rates at 12 months of use ranged from 3.8 to 18.2 per 100 sponge users and 6.2 to 29.9 per 100 Neo Sampoon users, based on data from the two Yugoslavian centers and the Taiwan center (data from the Bangladesh center were excluded from analysis of pregnancy rates). Practical implications of these findings are discussed.     

山区地震医学救援对策

本文结合在汶川地震伤员救治中的实践和教训,提出山区地震医学救援的4个阶段,对救援期间所面临的问题进行了分析,并为山区地震灾害医学救援提出针对性建议,为部队遂行多样化卫勤保障任务提供借鉴。     

角膜知觉重建的分类与研究进展

角膜神经来自三叉神经眼支,主要支配角膜的知觉。三叉神经至眼表的任一节段受损,均有可能导致角膜神经损伤,并可引起角膜知觉减退或缺失。神经营养不良性角膜病变即是因三叉神经损伤继而角膜神经的感觉及营养功能受损所致,主要表现为角膜知觉下降或缺失,并可导致角膜上皮缺损、溃疡或者穿孔。然而,神经营养不良性角膜病变发病早期多仅表现为角膜知觉的轻度下降及泪膜的不稳定,因此在临床上较为隐匿;同时,关于促进角膜神经的修复与再生、恢复角膜知觉的临床处理方法通常也较为单一。目前,药物治疗、非手术干预、手术重建是治疗神经营养不良性角膜病变从而促进角膜神经及知觉恢复的治疗方法。其中,药物治疗的主要目的为抗感染及抗炎,同时维持眼表环境稳定,防止角膜进一步损伤。目前,一些新型生物制剂也正在研发及临床试验中,包括富血小板血浆、自体血清及重组人神经生长因子等。非手术干预的主要目的即减少角膜暴露以保护角膜,通常包含治疗性接触镜及医用胶带、肉毒素注射等多种使眼睑下垂遮盖角膜的治疗方式。关于手术重建,除了常规的各类以修复角膜缺损、减少暴露面积为目的的传统术式之外,还包括角膜神经移植术这一定位于改善角膜知觉及角膜神经支配的新术式...     

Guillain-Barre综合征合并中枢神经系统脱髓鞘病变的临床研究

目的 探讨Guillain-Barre综合征（GBS）合并中枢神经系统（CNS）脱髓鞘病变及两者之间的发病关系和可能的发病机制。方法 对3例合并CNS脱髓鞘病变的GBS患者的临床及实验室资料进行分析。结果 例1男，28岁，主要表现为全身软瘫和昏迷，血气分析结果正常，脑脊液有蛋白细胞分离，寡克隆带阳性，肌电图提示神经源性损害；MRI示双侧脑白质及颈髓广泛多发性脱髓鞘改变；应用血浆和免疫球蛋白治疗后好转，例2女，5岁，因进行性四肢无力，呼吸困难入院，应用呼吸机和血浆治疗过程中出现脑干反射障碍，后放弃治疗死亡，死后行腓肠神经病检示周围神经脱髓鞘病变，例3男，12岁，因进行性四肢无力伴大小便困难入院；颅脑MRI未见异常，脊髓MRI见T5-T4节段广泛脱髓鞘病变；脑脊液有蛋白细胞分离。寡克隆带阳性；肌电图示周围神经传导速度减慢。结论 合并意识障碍的GBS大多病情危重，其发病机制不详，可能与P1碱蛋白引起的自身免疫反应造成周围和GNS的共同脱髓鞘有关。