Role of macrophages in peripheral nerve injury and repair

Resident and inflammatory macrophages are essential effectors of the innate immune system. These cells provide innate immune defenses and regulate tissue and organ homeostasis. In addition to their roles in diseases such as cancer, obesity and osteoarthritis, they play vital roles in tissue repair and disease rehabilitation. Macrophages and other inflammatory cells are recruited to tissue injury sites where they promote changes in the microenvironment. Among the inflammatory cell types, only macrophages have both pro-inflammatory(M1) and anti-inflammatory(M2) actions, and M2 macrophages have four subtypes. The co-action of M1 and M2 subtypes can create a favorable microenvironment, releasing cytokines for damaged tissue repair. In this review, we discuss the activation of macrophages and their roles in severe peripheral nerve injury. We also describe the therapeutic potential of macrophages in nerve tissue engineering treatment and highlight approaches for enhancing M2 cell-mediated nerve repair and regeneration.     

营养风险与腹膜后肿瘤患者住院时间的相关性研究

目的 探讨营养风险与腹膜后肿瘤患者住院时间的相关性。方法 采用回顾性研究，选取2012年1月至2018年12月四川大学华西医院血管外科新入院腹膜后肿瘤患者60例，采用营养风险筛查表评估患者营养风险，收集患者体质指数、围术期血红蛋白和白蛋白水平、住院天数、术后恶心呕吐发生情况、术后排气、排便时间和首次进食时间。采用单因素分析比较不同患者住院时间，采用多重线性逐步回归分析患者住院时间的影响因素。结果 纳入的60例腹膜后肿瘤患者中，40例患者（66.7%）术前存在营养风险，52例患者（86.7%）术后存在营养风险；单因素分析显示，患者术前、术后营养风险 （术前P<0.001，术后P=0.043）、术前白蛋白 （P=0.019）、术后血红蛋白 （P=0.019）、术后白蛋白（P=0.025） 水平以及术后恶心呕吐 （P=0.001） 均会影响患者的住院时间；患者住院时间与围术期营养风险筛查工具评分、术后首次进食时间、术后排气时间和排便时间具有相关性，且相关性强（r=0.759~0.770； P<0.01）；多因素分析显示术前营养风险是腹膜后肿瘤患者住院时间的重要预测因素（β=0.399）。结论 术前营养风险是腹膜后肿瘤患者住院时间的预测因子。     

封场生活垃圾填埋场好氧治理通风系统计算与应用

从质量守恒定律出发,以Buswell提出的垃圾好氧降解反应方程式为基础,建立了计算通风量的化学计量模型;以达西定律为基础,建立了计算通风压力的数学模型;并将其应用于某封场垃圾填埋场原位好氧治理工程的计算,验证了2个模型的合理性和准确性,可为生活垃圾填埋场好氧生物反应器工艺设计和设备选型提供理论数据参考。     

慢传输型便秘对结直肠癌术后吻合口瘘发生的影响及原因探讨

目的:分析慢传输型便秘对结直肠癌术后吻合口瘘发生的影响及原因。方法:回顾性分析我院普外科2010年10月1日—2017年10月1日收治的1307例行手术治疗的结直肠癌患者,其中无便秘组患者1128例,伴慢传输型便秘组179例;术后发生吻合口瘘患者109例,其中无便秘组92例,伴慢传输型便秘组17例。通过比较两组术后吻合口瘘的发生率、发生时间、发生瘘的级别等来分析慢传输型便秘对结直肠癌术后吻合口瘘发生的影响;在伴慢传输便秘组中根据术后吻合口近和(或)远端肠壁是否存在神经节细胞减少(或缺失)分为两组,通过比较两组术后吻合口瘘的发生率、发生时间及瘘的级别等进一步从病理学方面研究慢传输型便秘对结直肠癌术后吻合口瘘发生的影响。结果:伴慢传输型便秘组术后吻合口瘘的发生率为9.50%,高于无便秘组8.16%(P0.05);但术后吻合口瘘发生时间(7.34±3.17)天,晚于无便秘组(6.08±2.55)天(P0.05);在179例伴慢传输型便秘组中,神经节细胞正常组吻合口瘘的发生率7.89%,低于神经节细胞减少或缺失组12.31%(P0.05);且瘘的发生时间短于神经节细胞减少或缺失组[(6.12±3.29)天vs(8.71±4.36)]天(P0.05)。结论:慢传输型便秘增加结直肠癌术后吻合口瘘的发生率,且延长术后吻合口瘘发生时间;慢传输型便秘增加术后吻合口瘘发生率可能与结直肠切除范围不够,导致吻合口近和(或)远端肠壁存在神经节细胞的减少或缺失有关。     

Comparison of the practicability of ultrasound and spiral computed tomography in the diagnosis of colon cancer: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Colon cancer is a common malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, a clear diagnosis is particularly important for the treatment of colon cancer. Ultrasound and spiral computed tomography (CT) can both be used in the diagnosis, but each has its own advantages and disadvantages, which could cause confusion in clinical choice. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the practicability of spiral CT and ultrasound in the diagnosis of colon cancer.Methods:A systematic search was performed by retrieving on English databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library) and Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang, Weipu [VIP], CBM). Besides, manually search for Google and Baidu academic of diagnostic experimental study of ultrasound and spiral CT in the diagnosis of Colon Cancer. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database to October 2020. Two researchers independently extracted and evaluated the quality of the data in the included study. A meta-analysis was performed using Meta Disc1.4 and RevMan5.3 software.Results:Sensitivity, specificity, positive Likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio were used to determine the diagnostic efficacy of ultrasonography and helical CT in colorectal cancer.Conclusions:This study will compare the practicability of CT and ultrasound in the diagnosis of colon cancer and provide reliable evidence-based basis for clinicians to choose the appropriate or best evidence-based basis.Ethics and dissemination:The private information from individuals will not be published. This systematic review also will not involve endangering participant rights. Ethical approval is not required. The results may be published in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated in relevant conferences.OSF Registration number:DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/WAJHQ     

Cefoperazone-sulbactam and risk of coagulation disorders or bleeding: a retrospective cohort study

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Limited evidence has suggested that cefoperazone-sulbactam causes coagulation disorders and bleeding.

Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective study to compare patients receiving cefoperazone-sulbactam versus those treated with cefoperazone-tazobactam or ceftazidime. Propensity-score matching was used to explore whether treatment with cefoperazone-sulbactam increased the risk of prothrombin time (PT) prolongation, coagulation disorders, and bleeding, or decreased platelets (PLT).

Results: The cohort included 23,242 patients. Among patients receiving cefoperazone-sulbactam, the risk of PT prolongation, coagulation disorders, decreased PLT, and bleeding was 5.3%, 9.2%, 15.7%, and 4.2%, respectively. Propensity-score matching analyses suggested that cefoperazone-sulbactam increased the risk of PT prolongation (aOR 2.26, 95% CI 1.61–3.18), coagulation disorders (aOR 1.81, 95% CI 1.43–2.30), and decreased PLT (aOR 1.46, 95% CI 1.25–1.72), but not increase bleeding (aOR 1.05, 95% CI 0.79–1.40) compared with ceftazidime. Patients receiving cefoperazone-sulbactam had higher risk of PT prolongation (aOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.11–2.10), coagulation disorders (aOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.21–1.95), but not decreased PLT (aOR 0.93, 95% CI 0.81–1.07) or bleeding (aOR 1.11, 95% CI 0.87–1.42), compared with those receiving cefoperazone-tazobactam.

Conclusion: Cefoperazone-sulbactam may be associated with a higher risk of PT prolongation and coagulation disorders compared with cefoperazone-tazobactam and ceftazidime.