星点设计-效应面法优选冠心康胶囊挥发油提取工艺

目的:优选冠心康胶囊中川芎、当归和桂枝挥发油的提取工艺条件.方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取川芎、当归及桂枝中挥发油,以挥发油收率为评价指标,采用星点设计考察加水量、浸泡时间及提取时间对提取工艺的影响,对试验数据进行多元线性回归和二项式拟合,效应面法优选工艺条件,并进行预测分析.结果:由复相关系数可知,指标二项式拟合方程优于多元线性回归方程,确定最佳工艺条件为加9倍量水浸泡80 min,蒸馏提取7.5h,提取量预测值与理论值偏差＜3％.结论:该优选工艺简便、预测性良好,为冠心康胶囊的工业生产提供试验依据.     

Risk factors of enteral feeding intolerance in severe acute pancreatitis patients: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) have gastrointestinal dysfunction, and enteral nutrition intolerance is easy to occur during the implementation of enteral nutrition, which leads to the suspension or termination of enteral nutrition. Enteral nutrition cannot tolerate the influence of many factors. At present, there is a lack of analysis on the influencing factors of enteral nutrition intolerance in patients with SAP. Therefore, this study analyzed the factors of enteral nutrition intolerance in patients with SAP by meta-analysis, to provide a basis for the protection of enteral nutrition in patients with SAP.Methods:Databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China Biology Medicine Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Wanfang) were searched using index words to find relevant studies published before March 2021. Meta-analyses of relative risk were performed for the identification of risk factors.Results:We will disseminate the findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis via publications in peer-reviewed journals.Conclusion:This study systematically reviewed the existing evidence and determined the incidence and predictors of enteral nutrition intolerance in patients with SAP.     

The safety and effectiveness of salvianolate in preventing perioperative venous thromboembolism in China: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis based on RCTs

Background:Salvianolate, a common drug for stabilizing heart disease and Angina Pectoris, is considered to be off-label for preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) or anticoagulation at present. However, many clinical studies have showed that salvianolate can effectively inhibit the deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) incidence, and prevent VTE of perioperative patients in the real world in China.Objective:This analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of salvianolate in preventing VTE in perioperative patients.Methods:Databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP were searched until July 2019. Literature retrieval, data extraction and quality assessment were independently completed by two researchers and checked with each other. Review Manager 5.2 software was applied for meta-analysis.Results:A total of 429 studies were retrieved, including 11 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a total of 1149 subjects. Compared with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) group alone, salvianolate combined LMWH group had lower DVT incidence in preventing perioperative thrombosis (2.75% and 14.23%, OR: 0.21, 95% CI:[0.08,0.53]; P = .0009). The incidence of adverse reactions of experimental group was similar to that of control group (1.79% and 2.31%, OR: 0.65, 95% CI:[0.18,2.35]. P = .51). Compared with the control group, D-dimer level (D-D), platelet count (PLT), fibrinogen (FIB), whole blood high shear viscosity (WBHSV), and whole blood low shear viscosity (WBLSV) were all significantly decreased (P < .01), and prothrombin time (PT) was significantly increased (P < .05).Conclusion:Salvianolate combined LMWH has better effectiveness and the same safety in preventing venous thromboembolism in perioperative patients. However, due to the small number of included literatures, large sample studies are still needed to further verify this conclusion.     

Characterizing the binding interaction of astilbin with bovine serum albumin: a spectroscopic study in combination with molecular docking technology

Astilbin (ASN) is a flavonoid compound isolated from the rhizome of Smilax china L. (Smilacaceae). It has many bioactivities, such as selective immunosuppression, antioxidant, anti-hepatic injury, etc., and is widely used in traditional Chinese medical treatments. The interaction of ASN with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied in a physiological buffer (pH = 7.40) using multi-spectroscopic techniques in combination with molecular docking methods. UV-vis absorption measurements proved that a ASN–BSA complex could be formed. Fluorescence data revealed that ASN could strongly quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA in terms of a static quenching procedure. The process of binding was spontaneous and the binding occurred mainly through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. The distance r between donor (BSA) and acceptor (ASN) was calculated to be 4.80 nm based on Förster''s non-radiative energy transfer theory. The binding constant (K_a = 7.31 × 10⁴ mol L⁻¹) and the number of binding sites (n ≈ 1) at 298 K suggested that ASN only occupied one site in BSA with high affinity. Moreover, the results of molecular docking indicated that ASN was more likely to be located in site I (sub-domain IIA) of BSA. The results of synchronous fluorescence and three-dimensional fluorescence spectra showed that ASN induced conformational changes of BSA. The findings would be beneficial for research on the transportation, distribution and some important bioactivities of ASN in the human body.

The interaction of astilbin with bovine serum albumin was confirmed by multi-spectroscopic techniques and molecular docking methods.     

A new dimeric neolignan from Magnolia grandiflora L. seeds

Archives of Pharmacal Research - Bioassay-guided fractionation of the MeOH extract of Magnolia grandiflora seeds resulted in the isolation of a new dimeric neolignan, named bishonokiol A (1), as...     

Comparison of clinical manifestations and epidemiology between acute hepatitis A and acute hepatitis E in Taiwan

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Acute hepatitis A (AHA) and acute hepatitis E (AHE) are endemic in developing countries. They share similar transmission routes and clinical manifestations. To compare the differences in epidemiology, clinical picture and prognosis between these two enterically transmitted forms of hepatitis, we enrolled 58 consecutive AHA or AHE patients (42 men and 16 women; age 16-74 years) from January 1990 to April 2001. RESULTS: In comparison to AHA, patients with AHE were older (56.2 +/- 15.4 vs 30.7 +/- 11.0 years, P < 0.0001), and more frequently had a history of travel within 3 months before onset of illness (68.8 vs 30.8%, P = 0.003). In laboratory data, AHE patients had lower serum levels of albumin (3.4 +/- 0.4 vs 3.8 +/- 0.4 g/dL, P = 0.016), alanine aminotransferase (1912 +/- 1587 vs 3023 +/- 1959 U/L, P = 0.015), and aspartate aminotransferase (1681 +/- 1444 vs 2374 +/- 2869 U/L, P = 0.24), but a higher serum bilirubin level (17.8 +/- 12.3 vs 8.7 +/- 5.0 mg/dL, P = 0.003) than AHA patients. Moreover, five (15.6%) patients with AHE compared with none with AHA died. This probably indicates that AHE had a worse outcome than AHA in our study. In analysis of epidemiological factors, older age of onset of illness was the only significant predicator of outcome. From an epidemiological survey, most AHE patients were imported while most AHA patients were not. However, native AHE and imported AHA did occur in Taiwan. CONCLUSION: Patients with AHE in Taiwan had older age of onset, more records of traveling history, and poorer clinical manifestations than those with AHA, and age seemed to be the most important factor to influence outcome.     

Connecting the P300 to the diagnosis and prognosis of unconscious patients

The residual consciousness of unconscious patients can be detected by studying the P300, a wave among event-related potentials. Previous studies have applied tones, the subject's name and other names as stimuli. However, the results were not satisfactory. In this study, we changed the constituent order of subjects' two-character names to create derived names. The subject's derived names, together with tones and their own names, were used as auditory stimuli in event-related potential experiments. Healthy controls and unconscious patients were included in this study and made to listen to these auditory stimuli. In the two paradigms, a sine tone followed by the subject's own name and the subject's derived name followed by the subject's own name were used as standard and deviant stimuli, respectively. The results showed that all healthy controls had the P300 using both paradigms, and that the P300 in the second paradigm had a longer latency and two peaks. All minimally conscious state patients had the P300 in the first paradigm and the majority of them had the P300 in the second paradigm. Most vegetative state patients had no P300. Patients who showed the P300 in the two paradigms had more residual consciousness, and patients with the two-peak P300 had a higher probability of awakening within a short time. Our experimental findings suggest that the P300 event-related potential could reflect the conscious state of unconscious patients.     

Consensus of Chinese Specialists on Diagnosis and Treatment of Resistant Hypertension

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MreBCD-associated Cytoskeleton is Required for Proper Segregation of the Chromosomal Terminus during the Division Cycle of Escherichia Coli

Background:

In prokaryotic organisms, the mechanism responsible for the accurate partition of newly replicated chromosomes into daughter cells is incompletely understood. Segregation of the replication terminus of the circular prokaryotic chromosome poses special problems that have not previously been addressed. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of several protein components (MreB, MreC, and MreD) of the prokaryotic cytoskeleton for the faithful transmission of the chromosomal terminus into daughter cells.

Methods:

Strain LQ1 (mreB::cat), LQ2 (mreC::cat), and LQ3 (mreD::cat) were constructed using the Red recombination system. LQ11/pLAU53, LQ12/pLAU53, LQ13/pLAU53, LQ14/pLAU53, and LQ15/pLAU53 strains were generated by P1transduction of (tetO)₂₄₀-Gm and (lacO)₂₄₀-Km cassettes from strains IL2 and IL29. Fluorescence microscopy was performed to observe localization pattern of fluorescently-labeled origin and terminus foci in wild-type and mutant cells. SOS induction was monitored as gfp fluorescence from PsulA-gfp in log phase cells grown in Luria-Bertani medium at 37°C by measurement of emission at 525 nm with excitation at 470 nm in a microplate fluorescence reader.

Results:

Mutational deletion of the mreB, mreC, or mreD genes was associated with selective loss of the terminus region in approximately 40% of the cells within growing cultures. This was accompanied by significant induction of the SOS DNA damage response, suggesting that deletion of terminus sequences may have occurred by chromosomal cleavage, presumably caused by ingrowth of the division septum prior to segregation of the replicated terminal.

Conclusions:

These results imply a role for the MreBCD cytoskeleton in the resolution of the final products of terminus replication and/or in the specific movement of newly replicated termini away from midcell prior to completion of septal ingrowth. This would identify a previously unrecognized stage in the overall process of chromosome segregation.