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31.
Protective cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses against paramyxoviruses induced by epitope-based DNA vaccines: involvement of IFN-gamma 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hsu SC; Obeid OE; Collins M; Iqbal M; Chargelegue D; Steward MW 《International immunology》1998,10(10):1441-1447
Plasmid DNA vectors have been constructed with minigenes encoding a single
cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope from either the M2 protein of
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or from the nucleoprotein of measles
virus (MV) with or without a signal sequence (also called secretory or
leader sequence). Following intradermal immunization, plasmids in which the
CTL epitopes were expressed in-frame with the signal sequence were more
effective at inducing peptide- and virus- specific CTL responses than
plasmids expressing CTL epitopes without the signal sequence. This
immunization resulted in protection against MV-induced encephalitis and a
significant reduction in viral load following RSV challenge. The reduction
of viral load following RSV challenge was abrogated by prior injection with
anti-IFN-gamma antibodies. These results highlight the ability of
epitope-based DNA immunization to induce protective immune responses to
well-defined epitopes and indicate the potential of this approach for the
development of vaccines against infectious diseases.
相似文献
32.
Extramedullary myeloid cell tumours localised to the mediastinum: a rare clinicopathological entity with unique karyotypic features
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Nounou R Al-Zahrani H H Ajarim DS Martin J Iqbal A Naufal R Stuart R Roberts G Gyger M 《Journal of clinical pathology》2002,55(3):221-225
Extramedullary myeloid cell tumour (EMMT) localised to the mediastinum is a rare manifestation of acute myeloid leukaemia, forming less than 4% of all cases of EMMT. In contrast to other types of EMMT, cytogenetic characteristics of this rare entity are relatively unknown. This report describes a patient with EMMT who had evidence of superior vena cava syndrome and normal peripheral blood counts at diagnosis. The results from an initial biopsy specimen were consistent with a diagnosis of mediastinal large B cell lymphoma. A diagnosis of acute myeloid leukaemia was made three months after initial diagnosis by bone marrow examination. Review of the initial biopsy specimen showed strong positivity for myeloperoxidase, revealing that the patient had been initially misdiagnosed as having large B cell lymphoma. Cytogenetic studies revealed a near triploid and near tetraploid karyotype with structural abnormalities in 12 and three metaphases, respectively. Review of the literature showed that a near tetraploid or triploid karyotype is found in most of the reported cases of mediastinal EMMT. Thus, the presence of a near triploid/tetraploid karyotype and mediastinal EMMT may represent a specific subset of EMMT. The biological relevance of this observation is discussed. 相似文献
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34.
Autoimmune diabetes is characterized by an early mononuclear infiltration of pancreatic islets and later selective autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells. Lymphocyte homing receptors have been considered candidate targets to prevent autoimmune diabetes. L-selectin (CD62L) is an adhesion molecule highly expressed in naive T and B cells. It has been reported that blocking L-selectin in vivo with a specific antibody (Mel-14) partially impairs insulitis and diabetes in autoimmune diabetes-prone non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. In the present study we aimed to elucidate whether genetic blockade of leukocyte homing into peripheral lymph nodes would prevent the development of diabetes. We backcrossed L-selectin-deficient mice onto the NOD genetic background. Surprisingly NOD/L-selectin-deficient mice exhibited unaltered islet mononuclear infiltration, timing of diabetes onset and cumulative incidence of spontaneous diabetes when compared to L-selectin-sufficient animals. CD4, CD8 T cells and B cells were present in islet infiltrates from 9-week-old L-selectin-sufficient and -deficient littermates. Moreover, total splenocytes from wild-type, heterozygous or NOD/L-selectin-deficient donor mice showed similar capability to adoptively transfer diabetes into NOD/SCID recipients. On the other hand, homing of activated, cloned insulin-specific autoaggressive CD8 T cells (TGNFC8 clone) is not affected in NOD/L-selectin-deficient recipients. We conclude that L-selectin plays a small role in the homing of autoreactive lymphocytes to regional (pancreatic) lymph nodes in NOD mice. 相似文献
35.
Umair Shabbir Momna Rubab Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri Ramachandran Chelliah Ahsan Javed Deog-Hwan Oh 《Nutrients》2021,13(1)
Polyphenols (PPs) are the naturally occurring bioactive components in fruits and vegetables, and they are the most abundant antioxidant in the human diet. Studies are suggesting that ingestion of PPs might be helpful to ameliorate metabolic syndromes that may contribute in the prevention of several chronic disorders like diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and colon cancer. PPs have structural diversity which impacts their bioavailability as they accumulate in the large intestine and are extensively metabolized through gut microbiota (GM). Intestinal microbiota transforms PPs into their metabolites to make them bioactive. Interestingly, not only GM act on PPs to metabolize them but PPs also modulate the composition of GM. Thus, change in GM from pathogenic to beneficial ones may be helpful to ameliorate gut health and associated diseases. However, to overcome the low bioavailability of PPs, various approaches have been developed to improve their solubility and transportation through the gut. In this review, we present evidence supporting the structural changes that occur after metabolic reactions in PPs (curcumin, quercetin, and catechins) and their effect on GM composition that leads to improving overall gut health and helping to ameliorate metabolic disorders. 相似文献
36.
Munaza Fatima Santosh Kumar Mudassar Hussain Naveed Masood Memon Anum Vighio Muhammad Asif Syed Ambreen Chaudhry Zakir Hussain Zeeshan Iqbal Baig Mirza Amir Baig Rana Jawad Asghar Aamer Ikram Yousef Khader 《JMIR Public Health and Surveillance》2021,7(5)
BackgroundHyderabad, Pakistan, was the first city to witness an outbreak of extensively drug resistant (XDR) typhoid fever. The outbreak strain is resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fluoroquinolones, and third-generation cephalosporin, thus greatly limiting treatment options. However, despite over 5000 documented cases, information on mortality and morbidity has been limited.ObjectiveTo address the existing knowledge gap, this study aimed to assess the morbidity and mortality associated with XDR and non-XDR Salmonella serovar Typhi infections in Pakistan.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of culture-confirmed typhoid cases in 5 hospitals in Hyderabad from October 1, 2016, to September 30, 2018. We recorded data on age, gender, onset of fever, physical examination, serological and microbiological test results, treatment before and during hospitalization, duration of hospitalization, complications, and deaths.ResultsA total of 1452 culture-confirmed typhoid cases, including 947 (66%) XDR typhoid cases and 505 (34%) non-XDR typhoid cases, were identified. Overall, ≥1 complications were reported in 360 (38%) patients with XDR typhoid and 89 (18%) patients with non-XDR typhoid (P<.001). Ileal perforation was the most commonly reported complication in both patients with XDR typhoid (n=210, 23%) and patients with non-XDR typhoid (n=71, 14%) (P<.001). Overall, mortality was documented among 17 (1.8%) patients with XDR S Typhi infections and 3 (0.6%) patients with non-XDR S Typhi infections (P=.06).ConclusionsAs this first XDR typhoid outbreak continues to spread, the increased duration of illness before hospitalization and increased rate of complications have important implications for clinical care and medical costs and heighten the importance of prevention and control measures. 相似文献
37.
Marni LaFleur Kim E. Reuter Michael B. Hall Hoby H. Rasoanaivo Stuart McKernan Paulo Ranaivomanana Anita Michel Marie Sylvianne Rabodoarivelo Zamin Iqbal Niaina Rakotosamimanana Simon Grandjean Lapierre 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(3):977
We diagnosed tuberculosis in an illegally wild-captured pet ring-tailed lemur manifesting lethargy, anorexia, and cervical lymphadenopathy. Whole-genome sequencing confirmed the Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolate belonged to lineage 3 and harbored streptomycin resistance. We recommend reverse zoonosis prevention and determination of whether lemurs are able to maintain M. tuberculosis infection. 相似文献
38.
Joseph R. Habib Benedict Kinny-Köster Floortje van Oosten Ammar A. Javed John L. Cameron Kelly J. Lafaro Richard A. Burkhart William R. Burns Jin He Elizabeth D. Thompson Elliot K. Fishman Christopher L. Wolfgang 《Surgery》2021,169(5):1026-1031
Most patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer are classified as nonoperative candidates based on the contemporary guidelines of resectability. The advent of more potent control of systemic disease using neoadjuvant chemotherapy has enabled more aggressive operative interventions. In our multidisciplinary practice, patients with Stage III, locally advanced pancreatic cancer and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) encasement are now carefully triaged with high quality, preoperative imaging to determine if they can be considered candidates for operative resection with periadventitial dissection of the SMA. Patients displaying a “halo sign,” where the encased SMA remains fully patent and free from arterial invasion, are now candidates for SMA periadventitial dissection. This procedure involves the surgical stripping of the infiltrated neurolymphatic tissue off the SMA leaving behind a bare “skeletonized artery.” Alternatively, the “string sign” involving the SMA confers a more likely case of arterial invasion, where a complete oncologic resection cannot be achieved successfully. This method of patient selection in case of SMA involvement abandons the traditional metrics of circumferential degrees of the arterial encasement to guide surgical decisions. Our institutional approach has allowed us to meaningfully expand our operative methods of resection with the potential for improved longitudinal outcomes to pancreatic cancer patients who were deprived historically from the more effective and possibly curative treatment. 相似文献
39.
Aamer Iqbal Emer McLoughlin David Beale Steven L. James Rajesh Botchu 《The Journal of foot and ankle surgery》2021,60(4):870-872
Ankle sprains are the most frequent sport related injuries with involvement of the lateral collateral ligament complex occurring in 85% of cases. Isolated anterior talofibular ligament injury is by far the commonest followed by combined anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligament strain. The posterior talofibular ligament is the strongest component of the lateral collateral ligament complex and is injured in severe ankle injury along with the other lateral collateral ligaments. While isolated calcaneofibular ligament strain has been reported, calcaneofibular ligament and posterior talofibular ligament strains with an intact anterior talofibular ligament are rare and reported in cadaveric studies. We present a case of radiologically diagnosed calcaneofibular ligament and posterior talofibular ligament injury and will discuss the anatomy, stress radiography, and magnetic resonance image findings and the mechanism of this particular injury. 相似文献
40.
Saeed Shoar Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini Azouba Gulraiz Waleed Ikram Moiz Javed Mohammad Naderan Nasrin Shoar Venkat R. Modukuru 《Surgery for obesity and related diseases》2021,17(3):630-643
Even in the hands of highly experienced bariatric surgeons, perioperative complications are inevitable. Of these, leaks and fistulas are amongst the scariest complications. Intrathoracic gastric fistulas (ITGF) can be associated with serious morbidity, mostly when cases are misdiagnosed or detected with delay. This is a systematic review of the literature to investigate the clinical and surgical outcomes of morbidly obese adult patients with a confirmed diagnosis of ITGF following bariatric surgery. A pooled analysis of 25 articles, encompassing 76 patients with post-bariatric ITGF, showed that the clinical outcome depends on the initial presentation, timing of the diagnosis in relation to symptom onset, and prompt and effective treatment. Any septic or unstable patient must undergo urgent surgical intervention, while stable patients might tolerate a step-up approach and watchful waiting for nonsurgical treatment. Among those who undergo surgery, treatment failure and the mortality rate are substantially high. Contingent upon a prompt management strategy, patients with postbariatric ITGF can generally have a favorable outcome in the long term. 相似文献