Renin, aldosterone and renal haemodynamics in cirrhosis with ascites

The interrelationships between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, renal haemodynamics and urinary sodium excretion were investigated in fifty-six non-azotaemic cirrhotics with ascites. In twelve additional patients the renal renin secretion rate was also studied. Plasma renin activity and concentration and plasma aldosterone ranged from normal to very high values. There was a significant inverse relationship between plasma aldosterone and the urinary sodium excretion. Plasma aldosterone showed a highly significant direct correlation with plasma renin activity, and plasma renin concentration was closely and directly related to the estimated renin secretion rate. Neither plasma renin activity, plasma renin concnetration nor the estimated renin secretion rate correlated with the renal plasma flow or the glomerular filtration rate. These results suggest that in non-azotaemic cirrhosis with ascites the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is an important factor influencing sodium excretion, increased plasma renin and aldosterone concentrations are mainly due to an increased secretion rate, and total renal perfusion is not a major factor influencing renin secretion.     

酒石酸伐伦克林的合成

一种以邻溴苯乙腈为起始原料经12步反应合成酒石酸伐伦克林的方法。     

体温计消毒盒集中清洗消毒环节的改进与效果观察

目的 探讨体温计消毒盒有效的消毒保存方法及持续存放时间,为医院制定有效的体温计消毒盒消毒保存措施提供依据.方法 将100份方盘分为对照组和观察组各50份,对照组采取病房分散消毒管理,试验组采取消毒供应中心集中清洗消毒管理方法;对两组体温计消毒盒于消毒后保存的第1、3、5、7、9天每组每次分别随机抽取10份采样培养.结果 观察组持续保存1-9天的体温计消毒盒细菌监测合格率均为100%,除第一天外,其余各天显著高于对照组(均P﹤0.01).结论 体温计消毒盒采用消毒供应中心集中统一清洗能提高消毒灭菌效果,延长保存时间,提高无菌保存率,能有效减少测体温患者医院感染的机会.     

Cardiac Anatomy for the Interventional Arrhythmologist: I.Terminology and Fluoroscopic Projections

Cardiac anatomy is complex and its understanding is essential for the interventional arrhythmologist. The first difficulty is the terminology used to describe the location of sites of mapping and ablation. For many years, electrophysiologists have named these positions following the conventional electrocardiographical vocabulary, or the terminology used by surgeons performing arrhythmic surgery. This traditional nomenclature, however, failed to take note of the crucial principle of considering the location of the heart in the human body as viewed in its erect position. In other words, it had failed to use an attitudinally appropriate terminology. Almost 10 years ago, a new attitudinal nomenclature was proposed for the right and left atrioventricular junctions. In this first of a series of reviews of cardiac anatomy as seen by the interventional arrhythmologist, we discuss the role of attitudinally appropriate terminology, and relate this to the projections used for cardiac fluoroscopy, fluorography, and angiography. Throughout our series of reviews, we will illustrate the value of The Visible Human Slice and Surface Server in facilitating the understanding of the fluoroscopic anatomy. (PACE 2010; 497–507)     

Comparison of the Proportions of Leukocytes in Early and Term Human Decidua

The percentages of cells expressing immune markers were determined with immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry in early and term human decidua. Although we found no variation in the proportion of cells of bone marrow origin (CD45 +), the percentages of T cells and CD 16 + lymphocytes were significantly higher in term decidua. On the contrary, CD56+ lymphocytes, the most abundant leukocyte type in early decidua, decreased at term. These variations may reflex the immunological adaptations of decidua during pregnancy.     

In vivo effect of four antibacterial agents upon the acidogenicity of dental plaque

Abstract – The present study was carried out to compare the effect of chlorhexidine, iodine, alcohol and hydrogen peroxide on the acidogenicity of dental plaque in vivo . Plaque pH changes after application of sucrose were measured before and at various time intervals after the topical application of the agents. The MIC values of the different agents were assessed against plaque bacteria in vitro . The antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine and iodine were similar whereas alcohol and hydrogen peroxide were less effective in the concentrations employed. The results showed that chlorhexidine 2%, iodine 2%, and alcohol 70% inhibited pH drops for a 24-h period after treatment whereas 3% hydrogen peroxide had no effect. Chlorhexidine 0.2% inhibited acid production to a greater extent than did alcohol 50% and iodine 0.2%. It is suggested that retention of chlorhexidine in plaque may explain the observed prolonged effect.     

Effects of Atrial Impulse Timing on AV Concealed Conduction in the Rabbit Heart

The influence of the timing of a nontrunsmitted or transmitted atrial impulse on the atrioventricular (AV) conduction time of the subsequent impulse was studied in nine isolated rabbit hearts. AV conduction curves were determined by applying the atrial extrasfimulus test. The extrasfimulus was delivered preceded or not by an interposed afrial impulse whose coupling interval with respect to the last atria] beat of a basic train was kept constant at 100, 120, 140, 160, 175, 200, 225, 250, and,300 msec. In all experiments, there was a "concealment interval," i.e., the AV effective refractory period was longer than the atrial functional refractory period, and in seven experiments was comprised between 100 and 160 msec. For any given extrastunulus coupling interval in the presence of an interposed nontransmitted atrial impulse, AV conduction time was significantly greater than in its absence; the increase was greater than the longer the nontransmifted atrial impulse coupling interval, i.e., the shorter the subsequent transmitted impulse coupling interval with respect to the previous interposed nontransmitted impulse. The AV conduction curves relating the extrastimulus AV conduction time to its coupling interval with respect to the last atrial impulse of the basic train fitted to a hyperbolic model both in the absence of the interposed atrial impulse and in its presence (mean square residual 31 ± 23 msec²). and the interposed atrial impulse modified the constants of the functions; the slope of the linear transformations was progressively more negative as the interposed atrial impulse was delayed. Furthermore, the effects of the interposed atrial impulse—transmitted or not—on AV conduction time of the subsequent impulse were qualitatively similar, their magnitude depending on the time elapsed between the two.