Electrophysiological study on differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal stem cells into neuron-like cells in vitro by edaravone

To explore the electrophysiological proper-ties of differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived stromal stem cells (rBMSCs) to neuron-like cells in vitro by edaravone, a new type of free radical scavenger. Methods: Stromal stem cells were separated from rat bone marrow with Ficoll-Paque reagent and expanded in different culture medium in vitro, rBMSCs were induced by edaravone containing serum-free L-DMEM. Morphologic observation and Western blot analysis including the ex-pression of Nav1.6, Kv1.2, Kv1.3, Cav1.2 were performed, and whole patch-clamp technique was used. Results: Cyton contraction and long processes were shown in differentiated stromal stem cells. Nav1.6, Kv1.2, Kv1.3 and Cav1.2 were expressed in both differentiated and undifferentiated cells. However, the expression of channel proteins in differentiated cells was up-regulated. Consistently, their resting potential and outward currents were also enhanced in the differentiated cells, which was especially significant in the outward rectifier potassium current. Conclusion: In vitro, neuron-like cells derived from rBMSCs, induced by edaravone, possess electrophysiologi-cal properties of neurons.     

耳蜗血管纹上皮分泌功能的研究进展

血管纹(stria vascularis)位于蜗管外侧壁,为代谢活跃的上皮组织,具有分泌K 和吸收内淋巴液电解质的功能,并产生内淋巴正电位。内淋巴中高浓度的K 聚积及内、外淋巴     

派立明与贝特舒联合应用对降眼压的临床观察

目的评价1.00%派立明(AZOPT)与0.25%贝特舒点眼液每日两次点眼对原发性开角型青光眼、高眼压症及抗青光眼术后高眼压的降眼压效果及安全性。方法31例患者51只眼纳入为期2个月的前瞻性研究。在停用其他抗青光眼药物足够长的时间后测量基础值,用药后每2周复查一次共4次,同时观察眼局部及全身副作用。结果用药前眼压为23.85±1.80 mmHg,4次随访眼压下降均值6.55 mmHg(6.06～7.04),眼压下降率27.50%(26.62～28.59%)。少数病例出现烧灼感、视物模糊、口苦等症状,均为轻度能耐受,对视力、眼底无影响。结论派立明与贝特舒联合用药具有稳定的降眼压效果,具良好耐受性。     

Comparison of Marker Intervals and Number of Sib Pairs Used for Linkage Analysis on Simulated Nuclear Family Data

Using a two‐stage global scan design, we analyzed general population replicates 1 and 42 of the Genetic Analysis Workshop (GAW) 12 simulated data set using three methods: revisited Haseman‐Elston (HER), maximum likelihood variance estimation (ML), and variance components (VC). Three marker densities, 5‐, 10‐, and 15‐cM intervals, were examined in the first‐stage scan. We found that the 10‐cM interval appears to be the most cost‐effective approach in genotyping without sacrificing power when using a first stage significance level of 0.01. Subsequently, we performed the second‐stage scan at 1‐cM intervals for those putative positive regions identified in the first‐stage scan at a significance level of 0.01. We also compared the power to detect linkage using different numbers of sib pairs for a genome‐wide scan at a 10‐cM interval and found that power decreases nonlinearly as the number of sib pairs decreases. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Development of specificity in corticospinal connections by axon collaterals branching selectively into appropriate spinal targets

Corticospinal projections in adult rodents arise exlusively from layer V neurons in the sensorimotor cortex. These neurons are topographically organized in their connections to spinal cord targets. Previous studies in rodents have shown that the mature distribution pattern of corticospinal neurons develops during the first 2 weeks postnatal from an initial widespread pattern that includes the visual cortex to a distribution restricted to the sensorimotor cortex. To determine whether specificity in corticospinal connections also emerges from an intially diffuse set of projections, we have studied the outgrowth of corticospinal axons and the formation of terminal arbors in developing hamsters. The sensitive fluorescent tracer 1, 1′, dioctadecyl-3, 3, 3′, 3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorat (DiI) was used to label corticospinal axons from the visual cortex or from small regions of the forelimb or hindlimb sensorimotor cortex in living animals at 4–17 days postnatal. Initially axon outgrowth was imprecise. Some visual cortical axons extended transiently beyond their permanent targets in the pontine nuclei, by growing through the pyramidal decussation and in some cases extending as far caudally as the lumbar enlargement. Forelimb sensorimotor axons also extended past their targets in the cervical enlargement, in many cases growing in the corticospinal tract to lumbar levels of the cord. By about 17 days postnatal these misdirected axons or axon segments were withdrawn from the tract. Despite these errors in axon trajectories within the corticospinal tract, terminal arbors branching into targets in the spinal gray matter were topographically appropriate from the earliest stages of innervation. Thus visula cortical axons never formed connections in the spinal cord, forelimb sensorimotor axons arborized only in the cervical enlargement, and hindlimb cortical axons terminated only in the lumbar cord at all stages of development examined. Corticospinal arbors formed from collaterals that extended at right angles from the shafts of primary axons, most likely by the process of interstitial branching after the primary growth cone had extended past the target. Once collaterals extended into the spinal gray matter, highly branched terminal arbors formed within 2–4 days, beginning at about 4 and 8 days postnatal for the cervical and lumbar enlargements, respectively. These results show that specificity in connectivity is achieved by selectivty growth of axon collaterals in to appropriate spinal targets from the beginning and not by the later remodeling of intially diffuse connections. In contrast, errors occur in the initial outgrowth of axons in the corticospinal tract, which are subsequently corrected. Copyright © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

激光雾化治疗机的研制

介绍一种新型激光治疗装置.它利用超声波产生的雾化气体通道作为光学传导媒介,将激光束汇同雾化药雾通过患者的深呼吸一起传导至患者的呼吸道及肺部,进行治疗.     

青少年儿童炎症性肠病诊断指南(波尔图标准)

20岁以下溃疡性结肠炎(UC)和克罗恩病(CD)患儿占炎症性肠病(IBD)总数25%~30%。有关发病率的报道依文献而有差异。研究儿童IBD需要多国、多中心的合作,但首先要统一检查和诊断标准。波尔图标准就提供了这样一个指南,其是欧洲儿童胃肠、肝病和营养学会(ESPGHAN)IBD协作组达成的共识。UC、CD、不确定结肠炎(IC)的诊断基于临床表现和体征、内镜、组织学和放射学检查结果。每例疑似IBD患儿必须经过完整的诊断程序,如结肠镜(包括回盲部的检查)、胃镜(确诊UC者除外)、小肠气钡双重造影,对胃肠道各个部位要进行多点活检,以便获得完整的组织学评价。IC的诊断必须在所有的诊断程序完成后才能确定。     

前哨淋巴结活检术应用于外阴癌的初步研究

目的 探讨前哨淋巴结活检术(SLNB)应用于外阴癌的可行性.方法 选择2004年10月-2008年4月间于中国医学科学院肿瘤医院接受手术治疗、术中采用SLNB的外阴癌患者21例,其中处于研究前期(即2005年5月前)的11例患者采用染料法识别前哨淋巴结(SLN)、处于研究后期的10例患者采用核素-染料联合法识别SLN,术后行常规病理检查.以病理检查结果为金标准,观察SLNB的检测效果;并观察与SLNB相关的并发症的发生情况.结果 21例患者中,20例(95%)检出SLN,其中8例为单侧腹股沟、12例为双侧腹股沟.20例SLN阳性患者共检出83枚SLN,每例患者平均检出4.2枚(1～9枚),每侧腹股沟平均2.6枚(1～6枚).其中,染料法每例患者平均检出4.4枚、每侧腹股沟平均2.5枚,核素-染料联合法每例患者平均检出3.9枚、每侧腹股沟平均2.7枚,分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(t=0.459,P=0.652;t=-0.421,P=0.717).20例SLN阳性患者腹股沟浅组淋巴结中均检出SLN,其中1例双侧腹股沟深组淋巴结中也检出SLN.20例SLN阳性的患者中,8例(10侧腹股沟)术后病理检查显示腹股沟淋巴结转移,其中7例患者(9侧腹股沟)的转移淋巴结中均包括有SLN、1例(1侧腹股沟)出现假阴性.以SLN识别预测同侧腹股沟淋巴结转移的假阴性率为10%(1/10),阴性预测值为96%(22/23).未发现与SLNB相关的损伤及不良反应.结论 SLNB应用于外阴癌安全、可行,以SLN预测同侧腹股沟淋巴结转移具有较高准确性.     

肿瘤患者医院感染的分析与预防措施

目的了解肿瘤科医院感染特点,为临床减少肿瘤患者感染提供参考信息。方法以主动监测与系统回顾相结合的方法,对2005年全年入住肿瘤科2 679例患者的临床资料进行统计、分析、评定。结果2 679例肿瘤患者发生医院感染120例次,医院例次感染率为4.47%,其中感染1次者179例、2次者31例、≥3次者10例;以呼吸道感染占首位,其中上呼吸道38例、下呼吸道36例,其次为消化道10例、血液9例、手术切口感染8例、泌尿道6例和其他部位感染13例。结论提高机体免疫力、控制内源性感染,是预防与控制肿瘤患者感染的主要措施。