Gender-specific leptinemia and its relationship with some components of the metabolic syndrome in Moroccans

The levels of the liporegulatory hormone leptin are increased in obesity, which contributes to the metabolic syndrome; the latter is associated with elevated cardiovascular risk and morbidity. Leptin may play a role in the metabolic syndrome since correlations have been observed between serum leptin levels and several components of the metabolic syndrome. The association of leptinemia and hypertension or diabetes is inconsistent. Leptin levels are higher in females versus males and obese versus lean individuals. We investigated if correlations exist between leptin levels and several indices of the metabolic syndrome in obese and lean Moroccan subjects with (63 males, 129 females) and without (123 males, 234 females) diabetes and/or hypertension. Plasma glucose and insulin and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher in obese versus lean individuals. Obesity had no effect on lipid profile, plasma IGF-1, or C-peptide levels. Leptin levels were higher in females versus males and in obese versus lean individuals. The levels correlated significantly with body mass index. Serum leptin concentration did not correlate with either systolic or diastolic blood pressure, although there was a trend for higher blood pressure with increased leptin levels in females. There was no significant difference in leptin levels between NIDDM patients and healthy controls. However, in hypertensive patients, leptin levels were significantly higher in both lean males and females with diabetes as compared to those without diabetes. Similarly, the higher leptin levels paralleled elevated insulin levels in obese nondiabetic males and females, and in male and female diabetics with hypertension. Correlations were observed between leptin levels and C-peptide (an estimate of endogenous insulin secretion), but not with serum IGF-1. The calculated values of HOMA-IR, a marker of insulin resistance, were somewhat higher, parallel with elevated leptin levels, in obese male and female individuals compared to their lean counterparts. There was no relationship between leptin levels and serum lipids. There was a trend for increased serum uric acid levels with higher leptin concentrations. Thus, leptinemia is related to some components of metabolic syndrome, and in turn, it may contribute to the syndrome. This study is novel in that relationships were determined between leptin levels and various indices of metaboli syndrome in a large population of the same ethnic/regional background.     

CT诊断肾损伤的应用研究

目的评价CT检查诊断急性肾损伤的应用价值及其临床意义。方法回顾性分析33例急性肾损伤的CT影像特征。结果Ⅰ型肾挫伤（肾内血肿）2例，Ⅱ型包膜下血肿11例，Ⅲ型严重肾损伤（肾横断或碎裂）14例，Ⅳ型单纯肾周血肿6例。结论CT检查迅速、安全，可明确诊断并确定肾损伤类型，为临床诊疗提供可靠依据，宜作为首选检查方法。     

AP-1和肿瘤的关系研究进展

转录因子AP-1(activatorprotein1),主要由Jun、Fos、ATF及JDP亚家族组成,亚家族单体以同源或异源二聚体的形式结合DNA靶序列,参与靶基因调节.对基因修饰小鼠和细胞的研究表明,AP-1参与细胞的正常生长和癌性转化过程,其在细胞中的作用取决于细胞类型、AP-1的组成和各组分的相对比例,也与刺激的种类密切相关.AP-1的活性受多种核因子调节,同时单体间也存在相互促进或拮抗作用.AP-1对各种刺激如应激、辐射或生长信号等作出生理或病理应答,参与细胞的增殖、分化和转化等过程,在肿瘤的形成、转移和侵袭中发挥重要作用,已经有学者研究通过抑制AP-1活性来发展抗肿瘤药物.     

脑瘀通胶囊治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的疗效观察

目的 :探讨脑瘀通胶囊治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的疗效。方法 :10 0例急性缺血性脑卒中患者随机分 2组 ,治疗组 5 1例 ,在原有静滴胞二磷胆碱治疗基础上 ,口服脑瘀通胶囊 ,每日 3次 ,每次 6粒 ;对照组 4 9例在给予静滴胞二磷胆碱治疗基础上 ,口服维脑路通片 ,每日 3次 ,每次 0 .3 g。2组均 10日为 1个疗程。3个疗程后评定疗效。结果 :治疗组痊愈 17例 ,显效 2 0例 ,有效 10例 ,总有效率 92 .2 %。对照组痊愈 7例 ,显效 13例 ,有效2 1例 ,总有效率 83 .7%。 2组疗效比较 ,治疗组疗效显著优于对照组 ( χ2 =10 .8,P<0 .0 5 )。治疗组治疗后血液流变性较治疗前和对照组治疗后明显下降 ( P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1) ,总胆固醇和甘油三酯较治疗前亦明显下降( P均 <0 .0 1)。结论 :脑瘀通胶囊治疗急性缺血性脑卒中疗效肯定 ,安全可靠 ,无不良反应 ,值得临床推广。     

铀促排药物研究VⅢ：邻苯二酚类鳌合剂的新法合成

铀促排药物研究ＶⅢ：邻苯二酚类鳌合剂的新法合成覃兆海，谢毓元（北京农业大学应用化学系１０００９４，中国科学院上海药物研究所上海２０００３１）近几年的研究发现，含有邻苯二酚残基的螯合剂，如２，３－二羟基－４－（或－５－）烷氧羰基苄基胺羧酰胺（Ｉ）等对小...     

Role of angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockers in the treatment of arterial hypertension

Hypertension is a very common condition and the most important risk factor for the occurrence of cardiovascular events. The hyperactivity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is considered a cardiovascular risk factor in subjects with essential hypertension. The intrinsic vascular abnormality in which the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is clearly the milieu for the development of the pathologic changes in blood vessel walls is one of the causes of the establishment of hypertension. Many drugs with different mechanisms of action have been used for the treatment of hypertension and its vascular complications. Nevertheless, the utilities of many drugs are limited by their adverse effects. Continuous research in the search for new pharmacological agents for the treatment of hypertension has led to the development of angiotensin II receptor type AT1 blockers. The most important functions mediated by AT1 receptors include: vasoconstriction, induction of the production and release of aldosterone, renal reabsorption of sodium, cardiac cellular growth, proliferation of vascular smooth muscle, increase of peripheral noradrenergic action and the central activity of the sympathetic nervous system, stimulation of vasopressin release, and inhibition of renin release from the kidney. The angiotensin II receptor type AT1 blockers inhibit the interaction of angiotensin II with its AT1 receptor. These agents lower blood pressure without producing cough as a side effect since, unlike the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors they do not influence the levels of bradykinin or substance P. Hence, these drugs are suitable for the treatment of hypertensive patients who require therapy with a drug blocking the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme but cannot use angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors due to cough as a side effect.     

The use of calcium antagonists in the therapy of hypertension in the elderly

Calcium antagonists (calcium channel blockers) are widely used in the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. The results of a large number of clinical trials have demonstrated that calcium antagonists are as efficacious as other classes of antihypertensive agents in decreasing blood pressure in the elderly patients. Large clinical trials have shown the effectiveness of calcium antagonists (with long duration of action) in reducing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality in elderly hypertensive patients. The calcium antagonists are a chemically, pharmacologically and therapeutically heterogeneous group of agents. Among themselves, they differ in vasoselectivity, effect on cardiac conduction, sympathetic activation, adverse effect profile, ability to protect against target organ damage, suitability for patients with co-morbid conditions, and pharmacodynamic characteristics. The calcium antagonists can be used as single agents or in combination with other antihypertensive drugs. These drugs should not be used as first-line drugs in treating high blood pressure in patients with heart failure, since drugs in other classes provide more benefits. The dihydropyridine calcium antagonists should not be used in post-myocardial infarction patients or in patients with unstable angina; however, non-dihydropyridines may be used in such patients. The adverse effects of dihydropyridines include peripheral and ankle edema, flushing and headache. The short-acting preparations of the older calcium antagonists are no longer used, because of the potential for adverse cardiovascular outcome.     

RNA干扰Survivin基因治疗大肠癌作用机制的研究进展

Survivin(生存素)作为IAP家族成员之一,被认为是迄今为止发现的最强的凋亡抑制因子.以siRNA干扰Survivin的表达靶向观察其对大肠癌细胞基因的表达及对肿瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及其可能的作用机制.     

EGCG和染料木黄酮在肿瘤细胞信号传导中的作用

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin- 3-gallate,EGCG)和染料木黄酮是两种天然的食物组份,具有多种抗癌功效,其抑制肿瘤发生的途径一直备受关注．两者均可抑制特异的酪氨酸激酶(RTKs)及其相应的下游信号通路 RAS／MAPK和P13K/AKT途径,从而发挥其抗肿瘤作用．近年来,两者在临床研究方面也有较大的开展,但需相关的临床实验研究来确定其最佳剂量、方案、毒性和临床效率,以便达到临床的最优化治疗．