Untersuchungen Über die thermische Behandlung von Palmölen

European Journal of Nutrition - Chemische Untersuchungen von thermisch behandelten Palmölen haben ergeben, daß durch Hitzebleichung mit anschließender Entsäuerung, Bleichung und...     

Unterschiedliche Calorienzufuhr bei 75 “low birth weights”: Einfluß auf Gewichtszunahme,Serumeiweiß, Blutzucker und Serumbilirubin

Zusammenfassung In einer prospektiven Studie wurden 75 low birth weights (Geburtsgewicht under 2500 g) 2 Ernährungsgruppen mit unterschiedlicher Nahrungsmenge und Calorienzufuhr alternierend zugeordnet. Bei allen wurde eine Frühfütterung durchgeführt. Hinsichtlich Geburtsgewicht, Gestationsalter und intrauterinem Wachstum waren beide Gruppen vergleichbar. Bei der Auswertung der Daten wurden Kovariantenkorrekturen angewandt. Die hochcalorisch ernährte Gruppe zeigte eine ausgezeichnete Gewichtszunahme, der initiale Gewichtsverlust war geringer, das Geburtsgewicht wurde früher wieder erreicht als in der Vergleichsgruppe. Blutzucker- und Serumeiweißkonzentrationen verhielten sich in beiden Gruppen ähnlich. Die Mittelwerte der Serumbilirubinkonzentrationen waren in der reichlich ernährten Gruppe deutlich niedriger, doch waren die Unterschiede nicht signifikant.Die frühzeitige hochcalorische orale Ernährung wurde gut vertragen. Sie ist bei low birth weights — wenn keine Kontraindikationen bestehen — der parenteralen Ernährung vorzuziehen.

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Different caloric intake in 75 low birth weights: Effect on weight gain, blood sugar, serum protein, and serum bilirubin

A prospective study on oral feeding was started in 75 low birth weights (below 2500 g) with adapted milk. Early feeding was given in two groups with different feeding volume and caloric intake. The infants were grouped alternately. Both groups were comparable concerning birth weight, gestational age, and intrauterine growth. Due to partially different variances, covariate correction was applied to analysis of the data. The high caloric group had excellent weight gain, the maximum weight loss was less, and birth weight was regained earlier than in the control group. Blood sugar and serum protein were similar in both groups. Mean serum bilirubin levels were lower in the group with high caloric intake, but differences failed to be significant.Early high caloric feeding was well tolerated and is preferable to parenteral nutrition in low birth weights.

     

Structure,hemagglutinins, and subgroup position of adenovirus 20, 25, and 28

Summary By ultracentrifugation and red cell adsorption experiments it was proved, that hemagglutinating activity of adenovirus types 20, 25, and 28 against monkey blood cells is associated with the virus particles; while no soluble hemagglutinins were found for type 20 and 25, the soluble hemagglutinating activity of type 28 against rat blood cells was located in a dodecon. The length of the fibres, as observed on the virus surface or in pentons, was 115 to 120 Å for type 20, 25, and 28, coinciding with a reference virus (type 9–15) of subgroup II.These data support the previous suggestion, that adenovirus 20, 25, and 28 belong to subgroup II.Aided by grants of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Histopathologic characterization of mammary neoplastic lesions induced with 7,12 dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene in the rat: a comparative analysis with human breast tumors

CONTEXT: The dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene (DMBA) breast cancer model induced in the rat is used for the study of mammary carcinogenesis because it closely mimics human breast disease. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the histopathologic features of mammary carcinomas induced in the DMBA experimental model, in a manner similar to that used in human pathology, to allow a comparative analysis between both systems. DESIGN: Three experimental series of 20 animals were used. At 53 days of age, a single dose of 5 mg of DMBA per rat was given. Mammary tumors were collected when the rats were killed. Several histopathologic parameters were studied. For grading, the parameters described in the modified Scarff-Bloom-Richardson scheme were used, adapted to rat mammary tumors. RESULTS: More than 50% of the carcinomas presented a pattern grade I, a nuclear grade I or II, and fewer than 10 mitoses/10 high-power fields (P <.05). Although the tumors were generally well differentiated, they showed a range of differentiation. More than 85% of carcinomas did not display tumoral necrosis (P <.05). This feature was observed mostly in high-grade carcinomas. There was no or scanty lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in more than 70% of carcinomas (P <.05). The degree of infiltration increased with the histologic grade. Microcalcifications were found rarely (P <.05). The carcinomas exhibited a mixed structural pattern, most with a predominant cribriform pattern (P <.05). No or light (+) stromal response was seen in most cases (P <.05). Some carcinomas, especially when poorly differentiated, presented a desmoplastic reaction. Most carcinomas presented scanty mast cell infiltration (P <.05), no features of secretion (P <.05), and absence of microcribriform pattern (P <.05). These features were seen more often in low-grade carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the presence of some structural differences, rat mammary adenocarcinomas and the most common human breast carcinomas share several morphologic similarities. Moreover, some features could be related to the aggressive behavior of the tumor. The analysis carried out in this study, similar to that done in human pathology, allows a more extensive understanding of mammary tumors in rats, as well as a more accurate use of this animal model, and has made it possible to develop an innovative classification of rat mammary lesions.     

Urinary Excretion of Cyanidin Glucosides and Glucuronides in Healthy Humans After Elderberry Juice Ingestion

In a pilot study with 6 females and 1 male, themetabolism of various cyanidin glucosides after oraladministration of elderberry juice was investigated. Theanthocyanin metabolites were detected in urinary excretion. Afteringestion of a bolus quantity of 3.57g total anthocyaninsin a 150mL elderberry juice concentrate, 0.053% of theadministered dose was excreted in urine as glucosidically boundcyanidins within the first 5 hours. Only 0.003% ofthe ingested anthocyanin glucosides was excreted as cyanidinglucuronide, suggesting that this conversion step might be ofminor importance in urinary excretion.     

Expansion and functional activity of Ly-1+ B cells upon transfer of peritoneal cells into allotype-congenic, newborn mice

Transfer of peritoneal cells from adult donors into newborn, allotype-congenic mice led to colonization of the recipient mice by donor-derived B lymphocytes expressing the Ly-1 surface marker (Ly-1 B cells). These cells not only persisted in the recipient mice for at least 5 months, but also increased in number. In contrast, bone marrow-derived stem cells did not or scarcely give rise to B cells after intraperitoneal injection into congenic newborn recipients under the same experimental conditions. Approximately half of the IgM in the serum of peritoneal cell-recipients was produced by donor-derived Ly-1 B cells, suggesting that high levels of serum IgM in a normal mouse are produced by this B cell subpopulation. The transferred Ly-1 B cells were able to respond in a normal fashion to alpha (1----3)dextran, but they did not participate in thymus-dependent and -independent (TI II) immune responses to the hapten (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP). In neither the immune response to alpha (1----3)dextran nor that to NP were we able to detect an influence of the transferred Ly-1 B cells on the selection of the idiotypic repertoire in the recipient mice.     

Alternative macrophage activation is essential for survival during schistosomiasis and downmodulates T helper 1 responses and immunopathology

Macrophage/neutrophil-specific IL-4 receptor alpha-deficient mice (LysM(Cre)IL-4Ralpha(-/flox)) were generated to understand the role of IL-4/IL-13 responsive myeloid cells during Type 2 immune responses. LysM(Cre)IL-4Ralpha(-/flox) mice developed protective immunity against Nippostrongylus brasiliensis accompanied by T(H)2 development and goblet cell hyperplasia. In contrast, LysM(Cre)IL-4Ralpha(-/flox) mice were extremely susceptible to Schistosoma mansoni infection with 100% mortality during acute infection. Mortality was not dependent on neutrophils and occurred in the presence of T(H)2/Type 2 responses, granuloma formation, and egg-induced fibrosis. Death was associated with increased T(H)1 cytokines, hepatic and intestinal histopathology, increased NOS-2 activity, impaired egg expulsion, and sepsis. IL-10 was not able to compensate for the absence of IL-4/IL-13-activated alternative macrophages. Together, this shows that alternative macrophages are essential during schistosomiasis for protection against organ injury through downregulation of egg-induced inflammation.     

Über die Wirkung von Koli- und Parakolikulturfiltraten auf den überlebenden Kaninchendarm

European Journal of Pediatrics - Prüfungen der Kulturfiltrate von aus dem Darm gewonnen Coli-und Paracolistämmen bezüglich ihrer Wirkung auf den überlebenden Kaninchendarm...