Lymphocyte changes in pregnancy: a comparison of the human immunodeficiency virus infected and non-infected women.

The aim of this study was to assess cellular immunological changes in HIV infected and non-infected normal pregnancies. This was a cross-sectional study of women in the three trimesters of pregnancy and the postpartum period. All participants were asymptomatic. This study showed that absolute numbers of CD4 counts in the HIV infected group were significantly lower than that in the non-infected group, for all periods of gestation studied. The CD8 counts were found to increase postdelivery and may have clinical significance in relation to mother to child transmission. This needs further study with a larger sample size and a longitudinal design method of study.     

甲状腺良性肿块手术方法的探讨

目的:探讨甲状腺良性肿块的手术方法.方法:对62例术前拟诊良性病变的甲状腺肿块改良手术方法:不离断颈前肌;初期11例仅行甲状腺腺瘤摘除术,后期51例根据术中探查结果30例行甲状腺次全切除,21例行腺叶切除术.结果:无1例发生手术及住院期间死亡、大出血、甲状腺危象;初期手术2例复发.结论:对甲状腺良性肿块应选用甲状腺次全切除或腺叶切除,慎用瘤体摘除术或腺叶部分切除.     

某新建钢铁冶炼项目职业病危害控制效果评价与探讨

目的通过评价了解该项目职业病危害因素的防护及控制情况,为职业病控制提供依据。方法通过资料收集、现场调查、监测、统计分析、有关法规标准对照等手段,全面客观对该项目的职业病危害控制效果做出评价。结果该项目所存在的主要职业病危害有:高温、噪声、粉尘、铅烟、一氧化碳等。除炼铁厂炉前铅烟、一氧化碳个别点超标外,其他化学性职业病危害皆未超过接触限值;除个别岗位如破碎、制粒等噪声作业分级为Ⅰ级(轻度危害)以上外,大部分作业点噪声作业分级为0级(安全作业);炼铁厂炉前高温作业为Ⅵ级,其他热源岗位为Ⅰ级。该项目有较完善的职业病危害防护设施和职业卫生管理。结论本项目的职业病危害控制效果总体上有效,个别岗位仍有待改进。     

DPC4基因在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及其与微血管形成的关系

目的:研究DPC4(deleted in pancreatic carcinoma locus 4,DPC4)基因在非小细胞肺癌NSCLC中的表达及其与血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达和肿瘤内微血管密度(MVD)的关系。方法:利用免疫组织化学SP法检测52例NSCLC组织、19例相应的癌旁正常肺组织中DPC4、VEGF的表达和MVD值。结果:DPC4在肺癌原发灶中的阳性表达率为63.5%(33/52),与癌旁正常肺组织中的阳性表达率89.5%(17/19)相比,DPC4阳性表达水平显著降低,差别有显著性意义(P<0.05);DPC4与组织学类型、肿瘤细胞分化程度无关(P>0.05),但与淋巴结转移显著相关(P<0.05)。52例NSCLC中,DPC4的表达与VEGF、MVD值均呈负相关。结论:DPC4的低表达可能是肺癌发生过程的早期事件,并可通过直接或间接的作用促进肺癌血管生成,从而促进肺癌的淋巴结转移。     

子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫腺肌病对卵巢功能的影响

目的:探讨子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫腺肌病对卵巢功能的影响。方法:对27例子宫腺肌病患者采用聚乙烯醇微粒(PVA)进行子宫动脉栓塞治疗,在栓塞前、栓塞后3个月及6个月,评估所有病人的症状改善情况,并且采用经阴道彩色能量多普勒超声对子宫及病灶进行动态监测,监测子宫大小,子宫动脉和卵巢动脉血流动态改变,及基础性激素水平和基础体温情况。结果:子宫动脉栓塞术后3个月,子宫体积显著减小,平均缩小136.48(37.6%),子宫动脉的最大血流速度Vmax(cm/s)显著降低,由(27.27±6.03)cm/s降至(14.19±5.98)cm/s,P<0.05。子宫动脉阻力指数(RI)由0.54±0.03降至0.86±0.04,P<0.05;栓塞术前、后卵巢血流、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、雌二醇(E2)和月经周期无显著性差别。1例患者出现短暂卵巢功能急剧减退。结论:子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫腺肌病是一种新颖、微创、安全、有效、并发症少且恢复快的治疗方法,可保留子宫的生育功能,对卵巢功能无明显损害,但应注意可能导致卵巢衰竭。     

超声引导心包穿刺置管引流治疗心包积液的研究

目的探讨一种安全、简便、可靠的心包穿刺并有效治疗心包积液的方法。方法对27例心包积液患者术前经二维超声心动图定位、定向并测定进针深度后,以Seldinger法进行心包穿刺置入中心静脉导管,连接无菌引流袋持续引流,必要时进行冲洗并注入相应药物,观察疗效、安全性及不良反应。结果27例病例均一次穿刺置管成功,导管留置时间2～31d,引流液量300～7600ml,心包积液引流彻底,心包压塞症状消失,心功改善,疗效显著,未出现严重并发症。结论术前经二维超声心动图定位、定向并测定进针深度后,以Seldinger法进行心包穿刺置入中心静脉导管对心包积液进行治疗安全、简便、可靠,疗效显著且无严重并发症,完全能替代以往的常规心包穿刺术。     

Construction and application of a microprojectile system for the transfection of organotypic brain slices

In this study we outline a method for constructing an inexpensive chamber used in the transfection of organotypic brain slices. This chamber differs from most commercially available chambers in that DNA-coated gold microcarriers are directly carried by a flow of helium at low pressure (26 psi). Most other chambers employ macrocarriers onto which DNA-coated gold is first loaded, and then released by a shock of helium onto the reverse side of the macrocarriers. This home constructed device has been successfully employed in the transfection of organotypic brain slices cultured using the air-medium interface method. Mammalian expression vectors containing cytomegalovirus (CMV) and simian virus (SV40) enhancers/promoters were used to express enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP). DNA was coated onto 0.6-microm gold microcarriers. Transfected cells were visualised under a fluorescence microscope and included identifiable neurones and oligodendrocytes. Also included in this study are step-by-step methods for the preparation of gold microcarriers and organotypic brain slices.     

Significantly higher pathologic complete remission rate after neoadjuvant therapy with trastuzumab, paclitaxel, and epirubicin chemotherapy: results of a randomized trial in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive operable breast cancer.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to determine whether the addition of trastuzumab to chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting could increase pathologic complete response (pCR) rate in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) -positive disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-two patients with HER2-positive disease with operable breast cancer were randomly assigned to either four cycles of paclitaxel followed by four cycles of fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide or to the same chemotherapy with simultaneous weekly trastuzumab for 24 weeks. The primary objective was to demonstrate a 20% improvement in pCR (assumed 21% to 41%) with the addition of trastuzumab to chemotherapy. The planned sample size was 164 patients. RESULTS: Prognostic factors were similar in the two groups. After 34 patients had completed therapy, the trial's Data Monitoring Committee stopped the trial because of superiority of trastuzumab plus chemotherapy. pCR rates were 25% and 66.7% for chemotherapy (n = 16) and trastuzumab plus chemotherapy (n = 18), respectively (P = .02). The decision was based on the calculation that, if study continued to 164 patients, there was a 95% probability that trastuzumab plus chemotherapy would be superior. Of the 42 randomized patients, 26% in the chemotherapy arm achieved pCR compared with 65.2% in the trastuzumab plus chemotherapy arm (P = .016). The safety of this approach is not established, although no clinical congestive heart failure was observed. A more than 10% decrease in the cardiac ejection fraction was observed in five and seven patients in the chemotherapy and trastuzumab plus chemotherapy arms, respectively. CONCLUSION: Despite the small sample size, these data indicate that adding trastuzumab to chemotherapy, as used in this trial, significantly increased pCR without clinical congestive heart failure.     

Age has a profound effect on the incidence and significance of chromosome abnormalities in myeloma.

A simple high throughput micro-fluorescence in situ hybridisation technique (FISH) was used to detect chromosome 13 deletions (delta13), immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) rearrangements, t(11;14)(q13;q32), t(4;14)(p16;q32), t(14;16)(q23;q32), p53 loss, and numerical changes of chromosomes 3, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11 and 17 in 228 cases of multiple myeloma (MM), including 33 asymptomatic/smouldering MM (SMM). The patients were not part of a clinical trial and were from 30 different hospitals. In all, 98.4% of cases were abnormal, with 43% having IgH rearrangements and 42% Delta13. The low incidence of IgH rearrangements was due to a decrease in this finding with age (P = 0.001) and the relatively high proportion of elderly patients in our study population (41% >70 years old). The incidence of specific IgH translocations was t(4;14) 11%, t(11;14) 16% and t(14;16) 3%. Univariate statistical testing showed delta13 (P = 0.002), and t(14;16) (P = 0.005) to be associated with shorter survival. This effect was exaggerated for patient's aged 70 years or under but no effect on survival was seen for those over 70 years. In younger patients t(4;14) (P = 0.044) and p53 deletion (P < 0.001) were also significant poor prognostic indicators. Multivariate analysis showed delta13 and t(14;16) to be independent prognostic variables when considered with age and clinical parameters.     

Outcome of patients less than 55 years of age with high-risk acute leukemia who did not have an human leukocyte antigen-identical related donor: a long-term study of 97 consecutive patients.

Between January 1993 and December 2000, an unrelated donor search (UDS) was initiated for 97 consecutive patients [46 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 51 acute myeloid leukemia (AML)]. Leukemia was considered to be of poor prognosis in cases of refractory disease (n=70), unfavourable karyotype (n=22) or miscellaneous (n=5). All patients had previously received various chemotherapies and 9 had undergone an autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT). The median age at UDS initiation was 25 (range 2.7-55) years. The median time to identify a suitable living donor or cord blood (CB) was 60 days. Eventually, 33 patients received unrelated allo-SCT (including 9 CB), 12 auto-SCT, 39 chemotherapy and 13 palliative treatment. At a median of 54 months, 18 patients were alive, including 15 in remission. The 4-year overall survival rates were 32%, 37%, 15% and 0% for allo-SCT, auto-SCT, chemotherapy or palliative treatment, respectively. Patients who received either allo- or auto-SCT had better survival than those who did not (P<0.0001). For ALL, only allo-SCT significantly improved survival (P<0.007). Finally, patients who received allo-SCT died less often of relapse than patients who did not (P<0.0001). Unrelated allo-SCT gives a substantial long-term survival and cure in patients with high-risk acute leukemia. For patients who achieve remission and for whom UDS fails, auto-SCT may prove to be a good approach. For patients who fail to enter into remission, intensive salvage chemotherapy has a very limited effect.