全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2083篇 |
免费 | 266篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 14篇 |
儿科学 | 75篇 |
妇产科学 | 96篇 |
基础医学 | 353篇 |
口腔科学 | 14篇 |
临床医学 | 246篇 |
内科学 | 361篇 |
皮肤病学 | 24篇 |
神经病学 | 193篇 |
特种医学 | 44篇 |
外科学 | 315篇 |
综合类 | 35篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 220篇 |
眼科学 | 26篇 |
药学 | 221篇 |
中国医学 | 1篇 |
肿瘤学 | 112篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 21篇 |
2018年 | 19篇 |
2016年 | 21篇 |
2015年 | 23篇 |
2014年 | 51篇 |
2013年 | 62篇 |
2012年 | 82篇 |
2011年 | 72篇 |
2010年 | 44篇 |
2009年 | 41篇 |
2008年 | 87篇 |
2007年 | 93篇 |
2006年 | 75篇 |
2005年 | 87篇 |
2004年 | 78篇 |
2003年 | 86篇 |
2002年 | 89篇 |
2001年 | 70篇 |
2000年 | 61篇 |
1999年 | 63篇 |
1998年 | 31篇 |
1997年 | 28篇 |
1996年 | 33篇 |
1995年 | 20篇 |
1994年 | 32篇 |
1993年 | 23篇 |
1992年 | 51篇 |
1991年 | 47篇 |
1990年 | 45篇 |
1989年 | 41篇 |
1988年 | 39篇 |
1987年 | 35篇 |
1986年 | 39篇 |
1985年 | 36篇 |
1984年 | 38篇 |
1983年 | 32篇 |
1982年 | 28篇 |
1981年 | 30篇 |
1980年 | 28篇 |
1979年 | 40篇 |
1978年 | 25篇 |
1977年 | 26篇 |
1976年 | 34篇 |
1975年 | 22篇 |
1974年 | 29篇 |
1973年 | 26篇 |
1972年 | 35篇 |
1971年 | 20篇 |
1969年 | 18篇 |
1968年 | 23篇 |
排序方式: 共有2351条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
G K Ibrahim J A MacDonald B J Kerns S N Ibrahim P A Humphrey C N Robertson 《Surgical oncology》1992,1(2):151-155
To investigate HER-2/neu oncoprotein immunoreactivity, monoclonal antibody TA1 immunohistochemical examination of flash-frozen radical prostatectomy specimens was performed (n = 35). All prostatic specimens contained benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and/or prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), as well as prostatic carcinoma (CaP). HER-2/neu oncoprotein immunoreactivity in BPH tissues was not significantly different than that for the PIN basal cell layer (P = 0.10) or for the PIN luminal cells (P = 0.17). There was significantly more HER-2/neu oncoprotein immunoreactivity in BPH than in areas of CaP (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the amount of immunoreactivity present in PIN basal cells when compared to the PIN luminal cells (P = 0.49). Both the PIN basal cells and luminal cells stained for the HER-2/neu oncoprotein to a higher degree than cells in the CaP areas (P < 0.001 in both cases). HER-2/neu oncoprotein immunoreactivity is present at a significantly higher degree in BPH and PIN than in malignant prostatic epithelium. 相似文献
12.
Yuri P Zverev Humphrey E Misiri 《Malawi medical journal : the journal of Medical Association of Malawi》2009,21(1):19-21
The aim of this longitudinal study was to assess the effect of rotating shift work on perceived sleep quality and sleep duration of nurses at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi. Twenty four female nurses were recruited at random from among personnel engaged in rotating shift work. The nurses worked a three-phase schedule: five day shifts (7.00 – 17.00) followed by three night shifts (17.00 – 7.00) and five days off. Controls were 22 female nurses who did not perform night duties. Sleep quality and duration was assessed using standardized and validated questionnaires on sleep duration and subjective sleep quality (SSQ). One-way analysis of variance revealed a significant effect of shift phase on total sleep duration (F = 36.8, d.f. = 8, P < 0.000) and perceived sleep quality (F = 8.81, d.f. = 3, P < 0.000). Night shift work was associated with reduction of sleep quality and duration. The after effects of night shifts persisted during days of the recovery period indicating accumulation of fatigue. 相似文献
13.
Promoting clinically effective practice: general practitioners' awareness of sources of research evidence 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Prescott K; Lloyd M; Douglas HR; Haines A; Humphrey C; Rosenthal J; Watt I 《Family practice》1997,14(4):320-323
BACKGROUND: Practitioners are being encouraged to base their clinical
practice on research evidence. In order to do this, they must be aware of
and use the sources of evidence. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was
undertaken to establish GPs' awareness of research evidence in their
clinical practice and, in fundholding practices, its influence on
purchasing plans. Questionnaires were sent to 360 lead fundholders in North
Thames Region and 440 of a random sample of the remaining general
practitioners in the region for comparison. RESULTS: Questionnaires were
returned by 62% of lead fundholders and 63% of GPs in the random sample.
There was limited use of the electronic sources of clinical effectiveness.
There was greater reported awareness of published sources of research
evidence and fundholding GPs were significantly more likely to have
referred to publications summarizing research evidence. CONCLUSIONS: GPs
seem to make more use of published clinical effectiveness sources than the
electronic databases. Consequently, they need educational and technical
support if they are to make full use of the available sources of research
evidence available in other media.
相似文献
14.
15.
Michael D. Humphrey FRCOG FRACOG 《The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology》1996,36(2):126-128
EDITORIAL COMMENT: We accepted this paper for publication because it explores the important question of whether low birth-weight in infants of Aboriginal mothers is due to prematurity or fetal growth-retardation. This paper reviews the previous literature, provides some interesting new information, and shows that a prospective study with verification of fetal maturity is required to resolve the problem. Readers will realize the difficulties that exist in compilation of prospective data with sufficient numbers of cases to answer this question.
Summary: Two thousand, nine hundred and twenty-eight consecutive singleton public births at Cairns Base Hospital were studied retrospectively. Contrary to popular clinical belief, there was no statistically significant difference in the birth-weights, corrected for gestational age between Aboriginal babies and Caucasian babies. There was a highly significant excess of preterm Aboriginal births, when compared with Caucasian births. This study suggests that any attempt to reduce the high incidence of low birth-weight births in Aboriginal people should be directed at reducing the incidence of preterm birth, rather than the supposed high incidence of intrauterine growth restriction. 相似文献
Summary: Two thousand, nine hundred and twenty-eight consecutive singleton public births at Cairns Base Hospital were studied retrospectively. Contrary to popular clinical belief, there was no statistically significant difference in the birth-weights, corrected for gestational age between Aboriginal babies and Caucasian babies. There was a highly significant excess of preterm Aboriginal births, when compared with Caucasian births. This study suggests that any attempt to reduce the high incidence of low birth-weight births in Aboriginal people should be directed at reducing the incidence of preterm birth, rather than the supposed high incidence of intrauterine growth restriction. 相似文献
16.
Summary Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to stimulate DNA synthesis and cell division in normal glia. At least half of malignant human gliomas (MHG) express high levels of the EGF receptor (EGFR), which are above those detected in normal brain. The demonstration that antibodies against the EGFR inhibit the growth of squamous cell carcinoma line A-431, with large numbers of EGFR, in vitro and in vivo raises the possibility that these agents could be used therapeutically against malignant human gliomas either alone or conjugated to other agents. We have measured the growth effects of EGF and an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, 528 (Ab-528), on four well-characterized human malignant glioma cell lines, D-263 MG, D-247 MG, U-343 MGa Cl 26, and D-37 MG, with 2.9×104, 1.5×105, 8.6×105 and 1.59×106 EGFRs per cell, respectively. EGF significantly increased cell number in D-263 MG and D-37 MG by 65% and 74%, respectively, had no effect on D-247 MG, and significantly decreased cell number in U-343 MGa Cl 26 by 39%. U-343 MGa Cl 26 growth was inhibited 19% by Ab-528, but Ab-528 had no effect on growth of the other MHG lines. Ab-528 significantly inhibited all EGF-mediated growth effects. These studies demonstrate that, although Ab-528 alone has little antiproliferative activity on MGH, it successfully competes with EGF to reduce the biological effects of EGF-EGFR binding. Therefore, this antibody could potentially be used to target radioisotopes to MHG via the EGFR for diagnosis and therapy.Supported by Grants CA-11898, NS-20023, CA-43722, and the Association for Brain Tumor Research (MHW, PAH) 相似文献
17.
Rocket and two-dimensional immunoelectrophoreses were used to demonstrate that antisera from rabbits immunized with Streptococcus mutans strain B13 cross-reacted with human heart tissue. Absorption of the anti-S. mutans serum with S. mutans whole cells removed all reactivity to heart tissue, but did not remove the reactivity of an added antibody marker to its corresponding antigen. The anti-S. mutans serum reacted most intensely with heart tissue antigen and to a lesser degree with skeletal muscle, but not with liver or kidney tissues. These results support the conclusion that antigens of S. mutans cross-react with mammalian heart tissue and, further, suggest that caution should be exercised in the formulation of a dental caries vaccine containing S. mutans antigens. 相似文献
18.
Hristovski D Peterlin B Mitchell JA Humphrey SM 《International journal of medical informatics》2005,74(2-4):289-298
We present BITOLA, an interactive literature-based biomedical discovery support system. The goal of this system is to discover new, potentially meaningful relations between a given starting concept of interest and other concepts, by mining the bibliographic database MEDLINE. To make the system more suitable for disease candidate gene discovery and to decrease the number of candidate relations, we integrate background knowledge about the chromosomal location of the starting disease as well as the chromosomal location of the candidate genes from resources such as LocusLink and Human Genome Organization (HUGO). BITOLA can also be used as an alternative way of searching the MEDLINE database. The system is available at http://www.mf.uni-lj.si/bitola/. 相似文献
19.
Salnikov AV Roswall P Sundberg C Gardner H Heldin NE Rubin K 《Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology》2005,85(4):512-521
A pathologically elevated interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) is a characteristic of both clinical and experimental carcinoma. The soluble TGF-beta receptor type II-murine Fc:IgG2A chimeric protein (Fc:TbetaRII) lowers IFP in the KAT-4 experimental model for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Analyses of messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions by Affymetrix microarrays and RNase protection assays, as well as of protein expressions identified tumor macrophages as targets for Fc:TbetaRII. Treatment with Fc:TbetaRII reduced albumin extravasation, increased coverage of alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive cells and reduced expression of NG2, a marker of activated pericytes, in KAT-4 carcinoma blood vessels. Specific inhibition of interleukin-1 (IL-1), a major cytokine produced by activated macrophages, lowered carcinoma IFP to a similar degree as Fc:TbetaRII but had no significant effect on the parameters of blood vessel maturation. Neither Fc:TbetaRII nor inhibition of IL-1 changed blood vessel density. Finally, pretreatment of KAT-4 carcinomas with Fc:TbetaRII increased the antitumor efficacy of doxorubicin. Our data emphasize a potential role of tumor macrophages in carcinoma physiology and identify these cells as potential stromal targets for treatment aimed to improve efficacy of chemotherapy. 相似文献
20.
Discrimination of Strains of Salmonella enteritidis with Differing Levels of Virulence by an In Vitro Glass Adherence Test 下载免费PDF全文
C. Solano B. Sesma M. Alvarez T. J. Humphrey C. J. Thorns C. Gamazo 《Journal of clinical microbiology》1998,36(3):674-678
The objective of this study was the in vitro differentiation of isolates of Salmonella enteritidis whose virulences differed in a chick model. A total of 14 strains of S. enteritidis were isolated from either the environment, dairy products, or infected patients. The isolates could be divided into two groups on the basis of their virulence (50% lethal dose) in chickens infected intraperitoneally. When the strains were incubated in adherence test medium (Spanish patent 9700408), only the virulent strains produced aggregates and formed visible filaments attached to the glass tube. These results suggest, although for a limited number of strains, that aggregation in such a medium could be used as a diagnostic tool to discriminate virulent strains of S. enteritidis. 相似文献