双通道客观视觉质量分析系统评估多焦点人工晶状体植入术后视觉质量

目的：应用双通道客观视觉质量分析系统(OQAS)测量区域折射型(SBL-3)和衍射折射型(SN6AD1)多焦点人工晶状体(MIOL)植入术后患者的视觉质量。

方法：选取2017-03/2018-04在我院行白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入术的年龄相关性白内障患者47例47眼。根据植入MIOL的不同分为SBL-3组(22例22眼)和SN6AD1组(25例25眼)。术后随访3mo,比较两组患者的裸眼及矫正远、中、近视力,并采用OQAS检查客观视觉质量。

结果：术后3mo,SBL-3组患者裸眼中视力优于SN6AD1组\〖0.14(0.04,0.26)vs 0.26(0.12,0.40),P<0.05\〗,客观散射指数\〖2.52(2.35,3.86)vs 1.89(1.39,2.28)\〗和人工晶状体眼伪调节力(2.47±0.88D vs 1.25±0.70D)均显著高于SN6AD1组,MTF-cut/off、SR及模拟对比度视力均显著低于SN6AD1组(P<0.01)。

结论：SBL-3和SN6AD1 MIOL植入术后患者均能够获得较好的主观视觉质量,但OQAS系统能够反映二者产生的客观视觉质量差异。     

儿童弱视715眼治疗效果的临床分析

目的：探讨儿童弱视临床特点和综合治疗效果。

方法：选取2015-07/2017-07我院确诊收治的弱视儿童393例715眼,建立弱视治疗档案,给予弱视综合疗法治疗,观察其治疗效果,并对其年龄、弱视类型、弱视程度、弱视注视性质和治疗依从性等影响疗效的临床特点进行分析。

结果：患儿393例715眼中,基本治愈者520眼(72.7%),进步者117眼(16.4%),无效者 78眼(10.9%),总有效率为89.1%。年龄、弱视类型、弱视程度、注视性质、治疗依从性等临床特点影响弱视治疗效果。

结论：儿童弱视的总体治疗效果较好。与患儿年龄、弱视类型、弱视程度、弱视注视性质和治疗依从性等临床特点关系密切。年龄偏大,弱视类型为屈光参差性弱视、斜视性弱视,弱视程度重、旁中心注视及依从性差的患儿治疗效果差。     

Whole-exome sequencing identifies novel mutations in genes responsible for retinitis pigmentosa in 2 nonconsanguineous Chinese families

AIM: To detect the pathogenetic mutations responsible for nonsyndromic autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in 2 nonconsanguineous Chinese families. METHODS: The clinical data, including detailed medical history, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit-lamp biomicroscope examination, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, static perimetry, and full field electroretinogram, were collected from the members of 2 nonconsanguineous Chinese families preliminarily diagnosed with RP. Genomic DNA was extracted from the probands and other available family members; whole-exome sequencing was conducted with the DNA samples provided by the probands, and all mutations detected by whole-exome sequencing were verified using Sanger sequencing in the probands and the other available family members. The verified novel mutations were further sequenced in 192 ethnicity matched healthy controls. RESULTS: The patients from the 2 families exhibited the typical symptoms of RP, including night blindness and progressive constriction of the visual field, and the fundus examinations showed attenuated retinal arterioles, peripheral bone spicule pigment deposits, and waxy optic discs. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel nonsense mutation in FAM161A (c.943A>T, p.Lys315*) and compound heterozygous mutations in RP1L1 (c.56C>A, p.Pro19His; c.5470C>T, p.Gln1824*). The nonsense c.5470C>T, p.Gln1824* mutation was novel. All mutations were verified by Sanger sequencing. The mutation p.Lys315* in FAM161A co-segregated with the phenotype, and all the nonsense mutations were absent from the ethnicity matched healthy controls and all available databases. CONCLUSION: We identify 2 novel mutations in genes responsible for autosomal recessive RP, and the mutation in FAM161A is reported for the first time in a Chinese population. Our result not only enriches the knowledge of the mutation frequency and spectrum in the genes responsible for nonsyndromic RP but also provides a new target for future gene therapy.     

Phacoemulsification in eyes with corneal opacities after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty

To evaluate the maneuverability and efficacy of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in eyes with corneal opacities after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK), twelve eyes of 12 patients with mild to moderate corneal opacities after DALK and coexisting cataracts were analyzed retrospectively. Phacoemulsification and IOL implantation assisted with anterior capsule staining, as well as non-invasive optical fiber illumination, were performed on all eyes. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were noted. Mean corrected distance visual acuity (logMAR) improved from 1.24±0.17 to 0.73±0.22. Post-phaco intraocular pressure was maintained between 13 to 20 mm Hg in all cases throughout the follow-up period. Mean endothelial cell density decreased from 2258.42±205.94 to 1906.25±174.23 cells/mm2. Phacoemulsification and IOL implantation are safe and valid in eyes with mild to moderate corneal opacities after DALK and coexisting cataracts when assisted with anterior capsule staining and non-invasive optical fiber illumination.     

联合激光与传统药物治疗原发性闭角型青光眼急性发作期的临床研究

目的评价激光周边虹膜成形术联合激光瞳孔成形术与传统降眼压药物治疗原发性闭角型青光眼急性发作的有效性和安全性。 方法收集2014年1月至2015年7月于邯郸市眼科医院(邯郸市第三医院)就诊的62例(68只眼)确诊为原发性闭角型青光眼首次急性发作并未做降眼压治疗患者的病例资料。其中,男性15例(17只眼),女性47例(51只眼),平均年龄(67.5±8.5)岁,所有患者眼压升高≥40 mmHg(1 mmHg＝0.133 kPa)。将入选患者采用数字表法随机分为激光组和药物组。激光组给予激光周边虹膜成形术联合激光瞳孔成形术治疗,药物组给予传统降眼压药物治疗。采用TA03型Icare眼压计测量治疗前、治疗后1 h和2 h的眼压,记录两组角膜及前房情况。以治疗后2 h眼压降至30 mmHg及以下为抢救成功,反之则为治疗失败。激光组和药物组年龄、就诊时眼压和发作时间等资料的描述采用均数±标准差表示,组间比较使用独立样本t检验;两组治疗成功率的描述采用眼数和百分比,比较采用χ²检验;两组治疗前、治疗后1 h和2 h眼压的比较采用两因素重复测量方差分析。 结果治疗后1 h激光组14只眼抢救成功,成功率为41.2%;药物组15只眼抢救成功,成功率为44.2%。治疗后2 h激光组18只眼抢救成功,成功率为52.9%;药物组20只眼抢救成功,成功率为58.2%。治疗后1 h与2 h两组间成功率无统计学意义( χ²＝0.06,0.24;P>0.05)。激光组治疗前视力为光感至0.4,治疗后1 h视力为眼前手动至0.6,治疗后2 h视力为眼前手动至0.6。药物组治疗前视力为光感至0.4,治疗后1 h视力为光感至0.8,治疗后2 h视力为光感至0.8。两组主要并发症为前房内炎症反应和角膜内皮皱褶,无眼内感染和脉络膜下暴发性出血等严重并发症。激光组治疗前、治疗后1 h和2 h平均眼压分别为(56.9±8.7)mmHg、(37.9±16.2)mmHg和(32.9±16.4)mmHg,治疗后眼压下降,与治疗前的比较差异有统计学意义(t＝6.02,7.76;P<0.05)。药物组治疗前、治疗后1 h和2 h平均眼压分别为(55.8±9.5)mmHg、(37.6±17.7)mmHg和(30.6±18.2)mmHg,治疗后眼压下降,与治疗前的比较差异有统计学意义(t＝5.28,7.16;P<0.05)。但两组各时间点的眼压比较均无统计学意义(t＝0.89,0.58,0.85;P>0.05)。 结论激光周边虹膜成形术联合激光瞳孔成形术和传统的降眼压药物治疗均能快速降低原发性闭角型青光眼急性发作期的眼压,但激光治疗安全、有效,可避免药物治疗给机体带来的副作用,是治疗原发性闭角型青光眼急性发作期的重要辅助措施。     

Abrupt visual loss during anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for type 3 neovascularization

AIM: To investigate the incidence of abrupt visual loss and its associated factors, during anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment for type 3 neovascularization. METHODS: This retrospective study included 137 eyes that were newly diagnosed with type 3 neovascularization. All eyes were treated with anti-VEGF therapy. Abrupt visual loss was defined as loss of 5 or more lines in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in comparison to the previous visit. The incidence and timing of abrupt visual loss as well as the factors associated with it, were determined. In addition, the BCVA at the final follow-up was compared between the eyes with and those without abrupt visual loss. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 42.4±18.9mo after diagnosis, and abrupt visual loss was noted in 22 eyes (16.1%) at a mean of 19.6±13.9mo. Abrupt visual loss was found to be associated with subretinal hemorrhage in 11 eyes (50.0%), development of or increase in the height of pigment epithelial detachment with fluid in 8 eyes (36.4%), and tears in the retinal pigment epithelium in 3 eyes (13.6%). The logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) mean BCVA at the final follow-up was 2.07±0.67 (Snellen equivalents: 20/2349) and 1.00±0.55 (20/200) in eyes with and without abrupt visual loss, respectively. BCVA was significantly worse in the eyes with abrupt visual loss (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Abrupt visual loss is noted in 16.1% of patients with type 3 neovascularization and is associated with poor visual outcome. Additional studies are needed to determine how abrupt visual loss can be prevented.     

Different classes of antibiotics exhibit disparate negative impacts on the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients

It has been reported that antibiotics (ATBs) have adverse effect on the efficacy of treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer patients. Since different classes of ATBs have different antibacterial spectrum, we aimed to study whether all ATBs had similar or different negative effects on the clinical outcomes of ICIs in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients with advanced NSCLC who received ICIs were included in this retrospective study and grouped by the class of ATBs they had used around the ICIs treatment time. The overall survival (OS) and the progression free survival (PFS) of patients among these groups were compared using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model. A total of 148 eligible patients were enrolled, and 80 patients used ATBs. The results indicated that quinolones had no significant negative consequence on the clinical outcomes, while β-lactams significantly shortened the OS and PFS of patients. Furthermore, patients exposed to the combination of β-lactams and quinolones suffered the worst OS and PFS. Moreover, the subgroup analysis of β-lactams revealed that only penicillins, but not carbapenems and cephalosporins, markedly reduced both OS and PFS. In addition to the class of ATBs used, the time frame of ATBs used also affected the clinical outcomes of ICIs therapy. Patients receiving ATBs within 60 days prior to and 30 days after the initiation of ICI treatment had significantly shorter OS and PFS compared with those who did not use ATBs. This study demonstrated that different classes of ATBs had disparate negative impacts on the clinical outcomes, and the use of β-lactams, especially penicillins, should be avoided in advanced NSCLC patients who are receiving or scheduled to receive ICIs within 60 days.     

浅谈中风的成因及活血化瘀治疗

中风是中老年人群的常见病,严重危害人体健康和人们的生命.血瘀是中风的致病因素,并贯穿整个病程.以活血化瘀法为主治疗中风已经取得了很大进展,临床疗效显著.