后腹腔镜下输尿管切开取石术后尿路感染预测模型的构建

目的明确后腹腔镜下输尿管切开取石术后尿路感染相关风险因素,构建列线图模型进行风险预测。 方法回顾性分析我院泌尿外科2016年5月至2018年12月接受后腹腔镜下输尿管切开取石术的患者资料,使用SPSS、R3.5.1软件对数据进行处理。 结果共210例患者符合纳入标准,其中男性118例（56.2%）,女性92例（43.8%）,中位年龄50岁。术后发生泌尿系感染者30例（14.0%）,无尿脓毒血症、感染性休克等严重并发症发生。多因素Logistic回归分析提示结石嵌顿时间,肾积水程度和是否合并糖尿病是术后发生感染的独立危险因素。将上述因素构建列线图预测模型后其C-index为0.839（95%CI=0.752,0.926）,校正曲线显示模型符合度良好。 结论结石嵌顿时间,肾积水程度和是否合并糖尿病是后腹腔镜下输尿管切开取石术后泌尿系感染的独立危险因素,结合上述因素构建的列线图可以作为泌尿外科医师的参考,以便临床医师早期、准确的进行干预,避免疾病的进展。     

腹膜后巨大脂肪肉瘤一例报告并文献复习

目的探讨腹膜后巨大脂肪肉瘤术后腹腔复发患者多学科诊疗模式（MDT）。 方法回顾性分析腹膜后巨大脂肪肉瘤术后腹腔复发患者1例,男,45岁,复发肿瘤大小约10 cm×9 cm的临床病例资料及其两次诊治过程及MDT讨论要点分析,复习总结国内外相关文献。 结果患者行开放腹腔多发肿物切除+胆囊切除+大网膜切除术成功切除肿瘤,术后病理为去分化型脂肪内瘤。经治疗后恢复良好出院。一个半月后复发,继续靶向药物（阿帕替尼500 mg qd）治疗。 结论腹膜后脂肪肉瘤早期诊断困难,手术难度大,MDT及结合影像学检查及临床病理学特征可作出正确诊断,充分评估早期手术治疗可获得一定疗效,但去分化型脂肪内瘤总体预后不良。     

自噬在雄激素抵抗型前列腺癌中的作用

正前列腺癌(prostate cancer,PCa)是美国等西方国家男性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,病死率居男性各种癌症第2位~([1])。我国近年来前列腺癌的死亡率也逐渐上升,1998～2008年中国男性前列腺癌死亡率的年均增长率为8.44%~([2])。晚期PCa的治疗大多依赖于去除雄激素的方法。然而,经历18～24个月的去势治疗后,绝大多数患者均会由雄激素依赖型前列腺癌转变为非雄激素依赖型前列腺癌,即雄激素抵抗型前列腺癌(castrate resistant prostate cancer,CRPC),导致对传统的去势治疗反应效果较差~([3])。相关研究已经初步证明自噬在CRPC的进     

肿瘤转移抑制蛋白1和E-钙黏蛋白在结直肠癌中的表达及相关性分析

目的探讨结直肠癌中肿瘤转移抑制蛋白1（MTSS1）和E-钙黏蛋白（E-cadherin）表达的差异性及其临床意义。 方法回顾性分析2004年10月至2017年10月中山大学附属第五医院223例结直肠癌病例资料,采用免疫组织化学技术检测MTSS1和E-cadherin在结直肠癌组织中的蛋白表达情况,比较其表达差异性与其临床病理特征的相关性。 结果MTSS1、E-cadherin蛋白在癌组织的阳性表达率明显低于正常肠组织和癌旁组织（P<0.001）,其蛋白表达与肿瘤分化程度、局部浸润深度、侵犯脉管、临床分期、淋巴结转移和肝转移方面显著相关（均P<0.05）。癌组织中MTSS1和E-cadherin的蛋白表达呈正相关关系（r=0.417,P<0.001）。MTSS1、E-cadherin单阴性组比阳性组预后差（χ2=8.764、4.771,P=0.003、0.029）,MTSS1和E-cadherin双阴性表达的患者预后更差（χ2=13.940,P=0.005）。 结论MTSS1和E-cadherin在结直肠癌中的表达呈正相关,且在低分化程度、深浸润、晚期、局部或肝转移病例中均为低表达,在结直肠癌侵袭转移中可能起协同作用,联合检测对预测肝转移和判断预后有一定临床价值。     

腹膜透析相关腹膜炎危险因素研究的统计模型筛选

目的筛选适用于腹膜透析相关腹膜炎危险因素研究的统计方法，为腹膜炎的临床研究提供新的思路。 方法选择九种统计模型进行对比分析，包括：不含时间依存性协变量(时依协变量)的Logistic回归、泊松回归、负二项回归、COX回归、AG模型、PWP-CP模型6个模型，含时间依存性协变量的COX回归、AG模型、PWP-CP模型3个模型。统计数据来源于解放军总医院第一医学中心腹膜透析中心2013年1月至2016年12月开始腹膜透析治疗的终末期肾脏病患者，数据收集至2018年12月。分析腹膜炎的临床特点，对比各统计模型拟合情况和统计结果，筛选统计模型。 结果从腹膜炎临床数据构成来看，作为因变量，腹膜炎事件由"发生时间"、"发生次数"、"发生顺序"三个要素构成，作为自变量，大部分协变量是随时间变化的，三维的因变量和变化的自变量共同构成了复杂的临床数据。从"腹膜炎三要素"纳入情况看，只有PWP-CP模型能够全部纳入，最大限度保证了数据的完整性。从统计模型拟合程度看，泊松模型存在过离散，不适用于本研究数据；使用时依协变量的模型较使用基线数据的模型拟合好。从统计结果看，含时间依存性协变量的模型避免了单纯使用基线数据造成的偏差，使统计结果更接近于真实情况。 结论在腹膜炎危险因素的研究中，只有尽可能地保证数据信息的完整性和准确性，才能得到更真实的研究结果。本研究通过剖析腹膜炎的数据构成，对比各模型的统计结果，发现含时依协变量的PWP-CP模型更适用于腹膜炎危险因素的研究。     

MiR-146a Deletion Protects From Bone Loss in OVX Mice by Suppressing RANKL/OPG and M-CSF in Bone Microenvironment

MicroRNAs play important roles in osteoporosis and show great potential for diagnosis and therapy of osteoporosis. Previous studies have demonstrated that miR-146a affects osteoblast (OB) and osteoclast (OC) formation. However, these findings have yet to be identified in vivo, and it is unclear whether miR-146a is related to postmenopausal osteoporosis. Here, we demonstrated that miR-146a knockout protects bone loss in mouse model of estrogen-deficient osteoporosis, and miR-146a inhibits OB and OC activities in vitro and in vivo. MiR-146a^−/− mice displayed the same bone mass as the wild type (WT) but exhibited a stronger bone turnover than the WT did under normal conditions. Nevertheless, miR-146a^−/− mice showed an increase in bone mass after undergoing ovariectomy (OVX) compared with those subjected to sham operation. OC activities were impaired in the miR-146a^−/− mice exposed to estrogen deficiency, which was diametrically opposite to the enhanced bone resorption ability of WT. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) from a bone microenvironment affect this extraordinary phenomenon. Therefore, our results implicate that miR-146a plays a key role in estrogen deficiency–induced osteoporosis, and the inhibition of this molecule provides skeleton protection. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.     

Debulking and three‐dimensional reconstruction of a rare case of right atrium‐ventricular angiosarcoma

A 48‐year‐old man presented with chest pain and ischemic manifestations according to an electrocardiogram due to coronary artery compression from a cardiac mass and was admitted to the emergency room and underwent extensive debulking followed by right atrium and ventricular three‐dimensional reconstruction with concomitant tricuspid valve remodeling. He recovered a normal sinus rhythm and was discharged from the hospital a week later with a diagnosis of cardiac malignant angiosarcoma according to the pathological examination. He survived and had a normal cardiac structure and function performance, but vertebral metastasis was suspected after more than 4 months of follow‐up after the procedure.     

Comparison of clinical effects of bare stent and covered metal stent graft in the treatment of complete occlusion of central venography in hemodialysis patients

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of bare mental stent (BMS) and covered stent (CS) in the treatment of complete central venous occlusive disease (CVOD) in hemodialysis patients. Methods A total of 66 cases of CVOD who have been treated by endovascular methods successfully in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from Jan 2015 to Jan 2017 were enrolled in this study. According to the type of stent，the patients were divided into two groups, BMS group (n=46) and CS group (n=20). The demographic data, clinical signs and symptoms, and pre-procedure and post-procedure imaging data were followed up and recorded. The primary patency rates were calculated at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Results The related symptoms were improved within 2 day post-procedure. The primary patency rates of BMS group in 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months were 97.83%, 95.65%, 69.56%, 41.3%, and 34.78% respectively. The rates of CS group were 100%, 100%, 95%, 65%, and 60% respectively. They did not reached statistical significance for primary patency rates between two groups in 1, 3, and 6 months (P＞0.05 respectively). However, from 9 months after procedure, it began to show the significant difference between two groups (P＜0.05). The median patency time of the CS group was (10.30±5.32) months, while BMS group was (8.52±0.49) months. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P=0.046). Conclusions Stent implantation for complete occlusion of central venous in hemodialysis patients can get credible effect. The use of CS for CVOD provides superior patency as well as patency time in long period after procedure as compared with BMS.     

供肾活组织检查在组织病理学评估中的应用及展望

供肾质量是影响肾移植疗效的重要因素之一,供肾移植前活组织检查(活检)为器官分配及术后免疫抑制方案选择提供组织病理学依据,不同组织学病变情况产生不同的移植效果。本文综述了冰冻切片病理和石蜡切片病理在供肾活检中的应用,阐述了它们在组织病理学评估中的优缺点及显微成像技术应用于供肾评估潜力的展望。旨在寻求一种精准的供肾组织病理学评估手段,在最大化提高器官利用率的同时,将移植肾功能不全发生率降到最低。