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41.
Fenton H. McCarthy Sreekanth Vemulapalli Zhuokai Li Vinod Thourani Roland A. Matsouaka Nimesh D. Desai Ajay Kirtane Saif Anwaruddin Matthew L. Williams Jay Giri Prashanth Vallabhajosyula Robert H. Li Howard C. Herrmann Joseph E. Bavaria Wilson Y. Szeto 《The Annals of thoracic surgery》2018,105(4):1121-1128
42.
Daniel E. Spratt Robert T. Dess Zachary S. Zumsteg Daniel W. Lin Phuoc T. Tran Todd M. Morgan Emmanuel S. Antonarakis Paul L. Nguyen Charles J. Ryan Howard M. Sandler Matthew R. Cooperberg Edwin Posadas Felix Y. Feng 《European urology》2018,73(2):156-165
Context
Salvage radiotherapy (SRT) is a standard of care for men who recur postprostatectomy, and recent randomized trials have assessed the benefit and toxicity of adding hormone therapy (HT) to SRT with differing results.Objective
To perform a systematic review of randomized phase III trials of the use of SRT ± HT and generate a framework for the use of HT with SRT.Evidence acquisition
Systematic literature searches were conducted on February 15, 2017 in three databases (MEDLINE [via PubMed], EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov) for human-only randomized clinical trials from January 30, 1990, through January 30, 2017. Only two randomized trials met all inclusion criteria.Evidence synthesis
Overall survival benefits from HT were found in one trial, which was limited to when follow-up extended to ≥10 yr, pre-SRT prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ≥0.7 ng/ml, or when higher Gleason grade or positive margins were present. Both trials demonstrated a benefit from HT in men with higher pre-SRT PSAs. Three prognostic factors appeared to discriminate improvements in meaningful clinical endpoints (eg, distant metastasis or survival): pre-SRT PSA, Gleason score, and margin status. Two years of bicalutamide monotherapy resulted in higher rates of gynecomastia with a trend for worse survival when given in favorable risk patients, and 6 mo of luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone agonist therapy resulted in higher rates of hot flashes and long-term hypertension.Conclusions
Similar to the selective use of HT with radiotherapy in localized prostate cancer, not all patients appear to derive a meaningful benefit from HT with SRT. Patient, tumor, and treatment factors must be considered when recommending the use of HT with SRT. Knowledge gaps exist in the level 1 data regarding the optimal duration and type of HT, as well as the ability to use predictive biomarkers to personalize the use of HT with SRT. Important clinical trials (RADICALS and NRG GU-006) are aimed to answer these questions.Patient summary
In this report, we performed a systematic review of the literature to determine the benefit and harm of adding hormone therapy to salvage radiotherapy (SRT) for recurrent prostate cancer. We found that the benefit of hormone therapy varied by important prognostic factors, including pre-SRT prostate-specific antigen, Gleason grade, and surgical margin status. Our group then developed a framework on how best to utilize hormone therapy with SRT. 相似文献43.
Bernard Escudier Padmanee Sharma David F. McDermott Saby George Hans J. Hammers Sandhya Srinivas Scott S. Tykodi Jeffrey A. Sosman Giuseppe Procopio Elizabeth R. Plimack Daniel Castellano Howard Gurney Frede Donskov Katriina Peltola John Wagstaff Thomas C. Gauler Takeshi Ueda Huanyu Zhao Robert J. Motzer 《European urology》2018,73(4):e116-e118
44.
45.
Lynne?MooreEmail author Howard?Champion Pier-Alexandre?Tardif Brice-Lionel?Kuimi Gerard?O’Reilly Ari?Leppaniemi Peter?Cameron Cameron?S.?Palmer Fikri?M.?Abu-Zidan Belinda?Gabbe Christine?Gaarder Natalie?Yanchar Henry?Thomas?Stelfox Raul?Coimbra John?Kortbeek Vanessa?K.?Noonan Amy?Gunning Malcolm?Gordon Monty?Khajanchi Teegwendé?V.?Porgo Alexis?F.?Turgeon Luke?Leenen On behalf of the International Injury Care Improvement Initiative 《World journal of surgery》2018,42(5):1327-1339
Background
The effectiveness of trauma systems in decreasing injury mortality and morbidity has been well demonstrated. However, little is known about which components contribute to their effectiveness. We aimed to systematically review the evidence of the impact of trauma system components on clinically important injury outcomes.Methods
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and BIOSIS/Web of Knowledge, gray literature and trauma association Web sites to identify studies evaluating the association between at least one trauma system component and injury outcome. We calculated pooled effect estimates using inverse-variance random-effects models. We evaluated quality of evidence using GRADE criteria.Results
We screened 15,974 records, retaining 41 studies for qualitative synthesis and 19 for meta-analysis. Two recommended trauma system components were associated with reduced odds of mortality: inclusive design (odds ratio [OR] = 0.72 [0.65–0.80]) and helicopter transport (OR = 0.70 [0.55–0.88]). Pre-Hospital Advanced Trauma Life Support was associated with a significant reduction in hospital days (mean difference [MD] = 5.7 [4.4–7.0]) but a nonsignificant reduction in mortality (OR = 0.78 [0.44–1.39]). Population density of surgeons was associated with a nonsignificant decrease in mortality (MD = 0.58 [?0.22 to 1.39]). Trauma system maturity was associated with a significant reduction in mortality (OR = 0.76 [0.68–0.85]). Quality of evidence was low or very low for mortality and healthcare utilization.Conclusions
This review offers low-quality evidence for the effectiveness of an inclusive design and trauma system maturity and very-low-quality evidence for helicopter transport in reducing injury mortality. Further research should evaluate other recommended components of trauma systems and non-fatal outcomes and explore the impact of system component interactions.46.
Ian D. Coulter Cindy Crawford Eric L. Hurwitz Howard Vernon Raheleh Khorsan Marika Suttorp Booth Patricia M. Herman 《The spine journal》2018,18(5):866-879
Background Context
Mobilization and manipulation therapies are widely used to benefit patients with chronic low back pain. However, questions remain about their efficacy, dosing, safety, and how these approaches compare with other therapies.Purpose
The present study aims to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of various mobilization and manipulation therapies for treatment of chronic low back pain.Study Design/Setting
This is a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.Outcome Measures
The present study measures self-reported pain, function, health-related quality of life, and adverse events.Methods
We identified studies by searching multiple electronic databases from January 2000 to March 2017, examining reference lists, and communicating with experts. We selected randomized controlled trials comparing manipulation or mobilization therapies with sham, no treatment, other active therapies, and multimodal therapeutic approaches. We assessed risk of bias using Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network criteria. Where possible, we pooled data using random-effects meta-analysis. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was applied to determine the confidence in effect estimates. This project is funded by the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health under Award Number U19AT007912.Results
Fifty-one trials were included in the systematic review. Nine trials (1,176 patients) provided sufficient data and were judged similar enough to be pooled for meta-analysis. The standardized mean difference for a reduction of pain was SMD=?0.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) ?0.47 to ?0.09, p=.004; I2=57% after treatment; within seven trials (923 patients), the reduction in disability was SMD=?0.33, 95% CI ?0.63 to ?0.03, p=.03; I2=78% for manipulation or mobilization compared with other active therapies. Subgroup analyses showed that manipulation significantly reduced pain and disability, compared with other active comparators including exercise and physical therapy (SMD=?0.43, 95% CI ?0.86 to 0.00; p=.05, I2=79%; SMD=?0.86, 95% CI ?1.27 to ?0.45; p<.0001, I2=46%). Mobilization interventions, compared with other active comparators including exercise regimens, significantly reduced pain (SMD=?0.20, 95% CI ?0.35 to ?0.04; p=.01; I2=0%) but not disability (SMD=?0.10, 95% CI ?0.28 to 0.07; p=.25; I2=21%). Studies comparing manipulation or mobilization with sham or no treatment were too few or too heterogeneous to allow for pooling as were studies examining relationships between dose and outcomes. Few studies assessed health-related quality of life. Twenty-six of 51 trials were multimodal studies and narratively described.Conclusion
There is moderate-quality evidence that manipulation and mobilization are likely to reduce pain and improve function for patients with chronic low back pain; manipulation appears to produce a larger effect than mobilization. Both therapies appear safe. Multimodal programs may be a promising option. 相似文献47.
Ancillotto L. Studer V. Howard T. Smith V. S. McAlister E. Beccaloni J. Manzia F. Renzopaoli F. Bosso L. Russo D. Mori E. 《Parasitology research》2018,117(11):3591-3599
Parasitology Research - Introduced species represent a threat to native wildlife worldwide, due to predation, competition, and disease transmission. Concurrent introduction of parasites may also... 相似文献
48.
BTB-ZF transcriptional regulator PLZF modifies chromatin to restrain inflammatory signaling programs
Anthony J. Sadler Fernando J. Rossello Liang Yu James A. Deane Xiangliang Yuan Die Wang Aaron T. Irving Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos Michael P. Gantier Hangjie Ying Howard C. H. Yim Elizabeth L. Hartland Amanda J. Notini Suzan de Boer Stefan J. White Ashley Mansell Jun-Ping Liu D. Neil Watkins Steve Gerondakis Bryan R. G. Williams Dakang Xu 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2015,112(5):1535-1540
49.
Rebecca E. Graff Andreas Pettersson Rosina T. Lis Natalie DuPre Kristina M. Jordahl Elizabeth Nuttall Jennifer R. Rider Michelangelo Fiorentino Howard D. Sesso Stacey A. Kenfield Massimo Loda Edward L. Giovannucci Bernard Rosner Paul L. Nguyen Christopher J. Sweeney Lorelei A. Mucci 《The Prostate》2015,75(9):897-906
50.
Beyond immune checkpoint blockade: New approaches to targeting host–tumor interactions in prostate cancer: Report from the 2014 Coffey–Holden prostate cancer Academy meeting 
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