全雄激素阻断治疗晚期前列腺癌

为了评价全雄激素阻断治疗晚期前列腺癌的疗效，采用双侧睾丸切除、Ｆｌｕｔａｍｉｄｅ和Ｆｉｎａｓｔｅｒｉｄ联合治疗Ｄ２期前列腺癌病人５例。随访１５～２０个月，结果ＰＳＡ均正常，前列腺体积缩小６１．２％～６９．３％，有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），骨转移灶缩小、部分消失，积水肾脏完全恢复正常，所有病人治疗后全部有效。表明全雄激素阻断对晚期前列腺癌有良好的治疗效果。提出在三个层次上阻断雄激素治疗晚期前列腺癌的策略。     

动脉分支处的红细胞流变学研究与小动脉端侧吻合

为了探讨动脉分支处及小动脉端侧吻合处的血液流动方式，采用微循环电视显微镜成像技术，活体观察大鼠肠系膜微动脉分支区域血液流动方式和红细胞流变行为，研究动脉血流方向的改变对血流方式的影响。实验中观察到，在形态各异的大鼠肠系膜微动脉分支区域血液流态为稳定层流；红细胞通过不规则变形能很好地适应血管腔不同的几何形态，以保持血液流态的稳定。结果表明，微小动脉血流方向的改变未能在分支区域导致湍流发生，小动脉端侧吻合只是人为增加了侧支循环，同样不会导致血流紊乱和增加血栓形成的危险     

Effects of decentralization on the levels of GAP-43 and p38 (synaptophysin) in sympathetic adrenergic neurons: a semi-quantitative study using immunofluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy

The distribution of GAP-43 in superior cervical ganglion (SCG) and iris were studied in normal animals and following decentralization using immunofluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). GAP-43-like immunoreactivity (LI) was compared with p38 (synaptophysin)-LI, and tyrosin hydroxylase (TH)-LI. In the control SCG, GAP-43-LI and p38-LI were mainly localized in nerve terminals around the principal neurons. The neuronal perikarya were negative for GAP-43, but positive for p38 in a perinuclear zone, as well as positive for TH. SIF cells (Small Intensely Fluorescent cells, ganglionic interneurons) were positive for GAP-43, TH and p38. One day after decentralization, GAP-43-LI and p38-LI in nerve terminals around principal neurons had disappeared. Some of the principal neurons showed a weak GAP-43-immunoreactivity. Three days post-decentralization, GAP-43- and p38-positive nerve terminals around the neurons had reappeared in considerable numbers and the intra-ganglionic nerve bundles were positive for both antibodies. In the control irides, GAP-43-LI and p38-LI were distributed in a varicose pattern in the nerve bundles, around blood vessels and in the network of terminals. Double labelling studies showed that GAP-43-LI was colocalized with TH-LI and p38-LI. The network of terminals in the dilator plate of the irides was quantified by measuring the fluorescence intensity of randomly selected areas, using CLSM. Three days after decentralization the intensity of GAP-43-LI and p38-LI had significantly increased. TH-LI had decreased 8 days after decentralization. The results indicate that GAP-43-LI and p38-LI are normally present in the nerve fibers and terminals of both pre- and post-ganglionic neurons in adult rats. The expression of GAP-43-LI and p38-LI in post-ganglionic neurons is preganglionically regulated, as indicated by the increased expression after decentralization. The expression of p38 in these neurons is probably regulated via mechanisms that are separate from those which regulate GAP-43, since it showed a different time course than that of GAP-43-LI.     

Active oxygen radicals produced by leukocytes of malignant lymphoma.

The electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of active oxygen radicals produced during the respiratory burst of PMA-stimulated leukocytes and oxygen consumption are studied by ESR spin trapping and spin probe oxymetry for 31 times in 17 cases of malignant lymphoma. The results showed that the spectra produced from PMA-stimulated patients' leukocytes were predominantly spin adducts of DMPO-hydroxyl radicals (DMPO-OH). The decrease in oxygen consumption during respiratory burst suggested that respiratory burst function was inhibited. Kinetic observations of patient condition showed that respiratory burst and oxygen consumption were improved and even approached normal, when the patient was in remission or the condition was ameliorated. This paper is the first of its type and helps clarify the mechanism of malignant proliferation and metastasis.

     

Microvascular corrosion casting of normal tissue, transitional mucosa and adenocarcinoma in the human colon.

The microcirculatory architecture of normal tissue, transitional mucosa and adenocarcinoma of the human colon was investigated with microvascular corrosion casting (MVCC) combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The study showed that the capillaries within the normal mucosa were arranged in a regular hexagonal pattern around the mucosal glands and that the microvessels of transitional mucosa mostly had lost the typical hexagonal pattern and become slightly wider in diameter. The microvessels in the tumor periphery were increased in number and disorganized, and presented large variation in morphology with claw-like formations, widened sinuses, diverticula and appendixoid patterns. Microvessels were lacking in the central areas of tumors. These morphological alterations may serve as additional indicators of tumor development.     

Location of lectin UEA-I receptors in histological diagnosis of nasopharyngeal precancerous lesion.

Three kinds of lectins (UEA-I, ConA, PNA) were used to study normal, dysplastic, neoplastic nasopharyngeal epithelium by lectin affinitive histochemical method. UEA-I (ulex europeus agglutinin-I) displayed membrane distribution in normal squamous epithelium, but most of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells were negative. Notably, severe dysplastic epithelium (precancerous lesion) exhibited a strong membranous and cytoplasmic affinity, which contrasted sharply with the normal epithelium and carcinoma cells. The statistically significant difference in the content and distribution of lectin UEA-I in these three groups suggest that UEA-I is a hopeful marker for diagnosing precancerous lesion of the nasopharynx. However, PNA and ConA are of less diagnostic value.

     

小鼠暴露在不同海拔梯度下脑含水量改变及其与脑水肿的关系

观察了小鼠暴露在不同海拔梯度下脑含水量改变及其与脑水肿的关系。实验结果表明，小鼠由低海拔区快速进入高海拔区后脑组织的湿干比值和含水量均有增高（Ｐ＜００１），以进入高海拔区后的第７ｄ为最高峰。组织学观察表明，此时脑神经细胞肿胀，胞浆内有空泡变性，胶质细胞和微血管周围有明显空晕。以上结果揭示，由低海拔区快速进入高海拔区后可致脑水肿形成。     

Oral cancer progression and c-erbB-2/neu proto-oncogene expression.

Monoclonal antibody PAb3 to c-erbB-2/neu protein was utilized in the immunoperoxidase staining of 86 human specimens from oral mucosa. These tissue specimens represented a spectrum from 7 normal to 9 simple hyperplasia, 15 mild dysplasia, 14 moderate dysplasia, 20 severe dysplasia and 21 squamous cell carcinoma. Our study indicated that as the cells acquire a more malignant phenotype, there was a progressive increase in neu expression. It also suggested that neu may be involved in the development of oral cancers and that its evaluation in the early stages may assist in the diagnosis and management of oral cancers.     

无环鸟苷亲脂性前体药物脂质体的制备及体外抗病毒活性(英文)

本文通过将无环鸟苷(acyclovir,简称ACV)2’位羟基分别与月桂酰氯或棕榈酰氯进行酯化反应,制得亲脂性前体药物无环鸟苷月桂酸酯和无环鸟苷棕榈酸酯(分别简称为C₁₂-ACV和C₁₆-ACV),使脂质体包封率从ACV的29.9%提高到C₁₂-ACV的95.6%和C₁₆-ACV的97.1%;漏泄实验表明在4℃透析60h后,一半以上的ACV从脂质体中漏泄,而C₁₂-ACV和C₁₆-ACV的滞留率分别为70%和80%;体外抗疱疹病毒的试验中,在最低试验浓度0.044μmol/L时,ACV不显示抗病毒活性,而C₁₆-ACV脂质体抑制细胞病变率达75%,说明前体药物通过与脂质体脂膜的结合增加了药物的进入细胞能力,从而提高了ACV的抗病毒能力。     

巢式聚合酶链反应检测脑脊液中单纯疱疹病毒DNA

应用巢式聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测患者脑脊液(CSF)中单纯疱疹病毒1型(HSV-1)DNA。23例经鞘内HSV-1特异性IgG抗体检测阳性的“HSV-1型性脑炎(HSE)”中19例PCR阳性,4例阴性患者病程均超过1个月。22例IgG阴性的“散发性脑炎”中7例PCR阳性,此7例皆于发病1周内检查CSF,其中2例取材于发病当日。1周后复查7例患者,CSF PCR仍为阳性,IgG皆阴性,提示PCR适用于HSE的早期诊断。