Occurrence of tetrodotoxin and paralytic shellfish poison in the Taiwanese crab Lophozozymus pictor

Paralytic toxicity was detected by tetrodotoxin (TTX) bioassay in all 15 specimens of the xanthid crab Lophozozymus pictor collected from northern Taiwan in 1993. The average toxicity of crab specimens was 921 ± 231 (mean ± S.E.) mouse units. The toxin of crab was partially purified and then identified. It was found that the crab toxin contained TTX and gonyautoxin. The ratio of TTX to gonyautoxin for crab toxin was about 9:1.     

磁共振成像对胸膜外脂肪显示的研究

目的：研究MRI对正常及异常胸膜外脂肪显示的价值。材料和方法：对21例健康志愿者进行了MRI化学位移同相位成像、反相位成像、T1WI、T2WI及STIR序列扫描，并对胸膜外脂肪的绝对信号强度及信号强度比进行比较分析，同时还对20例累及胸膜外脂肪的病人进行检查。结果：在MRI各序列中，化学位移反相位成像显示胸膜外脂肪最佳，各序列绝对信号强度没有差别，而信号强度比存在差异。异常的胸膜外脂肪可以表现为移位、受压、中断、增厚及信号改变。结论：MRI可以作为观察正常及异常胸膜外脂肪的有效检查方法。     

以计算机为基础的教学(CBE)在护理领域的应用现状

随着计算机和网络技术的普及应用，以计算机为基础的教育(Computer Based Education，CBE)特别是多媒体课件的应用在护理教育中越来越受重视。然而，我国CBE在护理领域的应用尚处于起步阶段，也存在着一些缺陷和不足，有待于进一步完善。     

家庭暴力及其应对策略

近几十年来，公众和社会逐渐认识到家庭暴力是一种主要的公共健康问题，它影响着不同种族、不同社会、不同经济背景中的个体。目前家庭暴力依然是当今社会中的一大问题。结束家庭暴力要求全体社会的共同关注，包括卫生保障部门、执法部门、社会服务系统联合起来应对家庭暴力。     

Sympathoadrenal excitation and inhibition by lower brainstem stimulation in cats

Effects of stimulation of brainstem sites on hemodynamics and plasma catecholamine levels were assessed in cats under chloralose-urethane anesthesia. Pressor areas of the dorsal medulla (DM) and ventrolateral medulla (VLM) and the depressor area of the paramedian reticular nucleus (PRN) were stimulated electrically using a monopolar electrode, or chemically using sodium glutamate microinjection. Plasma levels of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI) were measured in caval blood above the adrenal veins. Electrical stimulation of the DM and VLM produced increases in blood pressure and in plasma NE and EPI levels that were enhanced after acute vagotomies. The NE and EPI responses were attenuated after acute, bilateral adrenalectomies, confirming augmented adrenomedullary secretion, whereas the pressor responses were intact. Injection of sodium glutamate into the same pressor regions of the DM or VLM also produced pressor responses and elevated plasma catecholamine levels, indicating that the responses resulted from activation of neuronal perikarya. Stimulation of the PRN attenuated pressor and catecholamine responses during stimulation of the DM and VLM. The results indicate that pressor responses during stimulation of the DM and VLM are due at least partly to activation of perikarya in these regions, are associated with but not dependent on adrenomedullary activation, and are enhanced after vagotomy; and that neurons of the PRN exert inhibitory modulation of the pressor and adrenomedullary responses during stimulation of VLM and DM.     

The Effect of Ligustrazine on Peritoneal Transport in Peritoneal dialysis

In order to investigate the effect of ligustrazine (Lig)i.p.on peritoneal permeability in peritoneal dialysis and its side effects,creatinine was given intravenously and continuously to maintain the high plasma creatinine level.All the rabbits were divided into three groups:normal control group (goup A),group B treated with 0.12% Lig and group C treated with 0.24% Lig.The peritoneal dialysis of all rabbits lasted 2h.The plasma and dialysate levels of glucose,protein and creatining were observed immediate,30min,60min,90min,120min after dialysis.Creastinine dialysate/plasma ratio (D/P),protein D/P ratio,grucose D/Do at different time points after dialysis and creatinine mass transfer area coefficient (MTAC) at 120min were calculated.The structures of peritoneum were observed under optical microscope and electron microscope after continuously intraperitoneal injection of Lig for 14 days.The results showed that the 90-min and 12-min creatinine D/P ratios in the group C were higher than in the group A.The 120-min creatinine MATC in the group C was higher than in the group A.The rabbits treated with Lig did not show significant structure changes of peritoneum and signs of peritoneal irritation.It was suggested that Lig could increase mass transfer ability of peritoneum without significant side effects.     

宫腔镜电切术在宫颈疾病中的应用

目的探讨应用官腔镜电切术治疗宫颈病变的临床效果。方法2002年1月～2003年6月，应用宫腔电切镜切除359例各类宫颈病变。结果359例均在门诊一次完成手术，手术时间5～15min，术中出血2-10ml。术后病理诊断慢性官颈炎332例，宫颈上皮内瘤样病变（cervical intraepithelial neoplasia，CIN）Ⅰ～Ⅱ级26例，CINⅢ级1例。335例随访2～12个月，平均9个月。术后2个月308例慢性富颈炎一次性治愈率98．7％（304／308）；237例随访1年宫颈糜烂、宫颈息肉及宫颈肥大未复发；27例CIN术后随访6～12个月未显示CIN病变。结论宫腔镜电切术治疗宫颈病变，疗效肯定，并发症少，值得推广。     

烧伤患者吸入性损伤和肺部感染的发生特点及其对死亡的影响

为了评价吸入性损伤和肺部感染的发生特点及其对死亡的影响，总结了我科近１４年住院治疗的热力烧伤患者９４０例，其中吸入性损伤７５例，轻度１５例，全部治愈，中度２５例，死亡１３例，死亡率为５２．０％，重度３５例，死亡３１例，死亡率为８８．６％。统计分析表明，合并吸入性损伤者６９．３％在密闭空间发生，同时伴有面部烧伤者达９６．０％。随着烧伤面积的增加，吸入性损伤发生率和肺部感染的发生率相应增加。有吸入性损伤肺部感染较无吸入性损伤肺部感染率为高（Ｐ＜０．０１），发生时间早。两组同等烧伤面积、深度、年龄患者，有吸入性损伤组发生死亡的危险比无吸入性损伤组大１７．２倍（Ｐ＜０．００１）。烧伤面积、深度和年龄相近，合并肺部感染者明显增加了死亡的机会（Ｐ＜０．００１）。     

Coexistence of autonomic and somatic mechanisms in the pressor areas of medulla in cats.

The effects of electrical stimulation and microinjection of sodium glutamate (0.5 M) in the sympathetic pressor areas of the dorsal medulla (DM), ventrolateral medulla (VLM), and parvocellular nucleus (PVC) on the knee jerk, crossed extension, and evoked potential of the L5 ventral root produced by intermittent electrical stimulation were studied in 98 adult cats anesthetized with chloralose and urethane. During electrical and glutamate stimulation of these pressor areas, in addition to the rise of systemic arterial blood pressure marked inhibition of the spinal reflex was produced, indicating presence of neuronal perikarya responsible for these actions. Mild to moderate augmentation of spinal reflexes was also observed during brain stimulation but only in a few cases. The magnitude of the somatic effects among the pressor areas of the VLM, DM, and PVC subsequent to glutamate activation was about the same. Induced spinal reflex inhibition, independent from the baroreceptor and vagal influence, remained essentially unaltered after acute midcollicular decerebration. The inhibition was also observed in cats decerebellated 8-10 days in advance. The inhibition was not affected after bilateral electrolytic- or kainic-acid-induced lesions in the paramedian reticular nucleus (PRN). On the contrary, PRN-induced spinal reflex inhibition was attenuated after bilateral lesions in the DM or VLM. Data suggest that there coexists neuronal subpopulations in the VLM, DM, and PVC that can affect both the sympathetic pressor systems and spinal reflexes.