α-氰基丙烯酸正辛酯黏接兔桡骨横断骨折的效果

目的:采用α-氰基丙烯酸正辛酯医用胶进行兔体内桡骨中段横断骨折的黏接固定,观察其在体内降解的速度以及对桡骨横断骨折黏接固定的效果。方法:实验于2003-09/2004-03在四川大学华西医院完成。选择健康成年新西兰大白兔72只,随机分为α-氰基丙烯酸正辛酯组、模型对照组,36只/组。①全部动物腹腔麻醉后常规方法锯断桡骨制作桡骨中段横断骨折模型。②α-氰基丙烯酸正辛酯组拭干骨折断端血迹后在断端间滴入一两滴α-氰基丙烯酸正辛酯黏接胶(由α-氰基丙烯酸正辛酯添加催化剂及辅助成分精制而成),加压并维持1min,以使胶体充分固化;模型对照组不采用内固定,以尺骨为支架进行自然固定。③术后2,4,6,8,10,12周分批处死动物,6只/组。对断端骨折愈合情况以及胶体残留情况进行大体观察、X线片和组织学检查。结果:实验选用大白兔72只,全部进入结果分析。①术后不同时间两组大体观察和X线片检查结果:两组均于术后4周可见骨痂形成,8周骨折线模糊并有较多骨痂形成,12周骨折线完全消失;但前8周α-氰基丙烯酸正辛酯组的骨折愈合速度均较模型对照组为慢,8周以后材料已经基本降解吸收,两组骨折愈合速度基本相同。②术后不同时间两组组织学观察结果:α-氰基丙烯酸正辛酯组随着胶体的降解,骨折逐步愈合,术后4周时纤维细胞和软骨细胞逐渐长入,6周时可见材料被软骨细胞和纤维细胞包裹,8周时材料降解破碎,材料逐渐吸收并可见软骨化骨。12周时编织骨密度基本接近骨组织,连接骨折断端,骨折基本骨性愈合。模型对照组在各时间点的愈合程度基本与α-氰基丙烯酸正辛酯组相似。结论:在黏接固定兔桡骨骨折过程中,α-氰基丙烯酸正辛酯在体内2周即开始降解,10～12周完全降解消失,未形成板障效应,骨折愈合效果良好。提示α-氰基丙烯酸正辛酯具有较高的生物力学强度,是黏接固定骨折的新方法。     

Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers and cardiovascular outcomes in elderly patients: a population-based study

BACKGROUND:

Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are widely used for the treatment of hypertension and angina. Despite safety concerns associated with short-acting agents, increasing evidence supports the safety of long-acting dihydropyridines. Although amlodipine is the best studied of these, there are few studies comparing it with nifedipine.

OBJECTIVE:

To examine the association between hospitalization for acute coronary syndromes and treatment with amlodipine or extended-release nifedipine in patients 65 years of age and older. The primary objective was a composite of hospital admission for angina or acute myocardial infarction.

METHODS:

The present population-based, retrospective cohort study used linked health care databases from Ontario. Propensity scores were used to identify highly similar patients started on amlodipine or extended-release nifedipine between April 1997 and March 2002. Time-to-event analysis was conducted using Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS:

The analysis included 24,190 patients (44% male; mean age 75 years) treated with amlodipine or extended-release nifedipine (n=12,095 each). The number of patients reaching the primary end point was 362 (3%) and 294 (2.4%) in the amlodipine and nifedipine groups, respectively. The groups were similar in a large number of demographic and clinical characteristics. No significant differences were observed among users of extended-release nifedipine (adjusted hazard ratio 0.91, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.13) relative to amlodipine.

CONCLUSIONS:

These findings suggest that amlodipine and extended-release nifedipine are not associated with differential rates of acute coronary events in older patients.     

动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄患者相关危险因素分析

目的观察动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄患者危险因素、血脂及肾功能的变化,分析各项指标与肾动脉狭窄及其病变程度和范围的关系。方法选取动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄患者70例,测定其血脂及肾功能,并选择62例肾动脉正常者为对照。结果肾动脉狭窄组与对照组相比高血压、冠心病、慢性肾功能不全及高脂血症的发生率明显增高(P<0.01),两组间血尿素氮、肌酐、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及载脂蛋白A1差异显著(P<0.05或P<0.01);不同狭窄组之间血尿素氮、肌酐、总胆固醇差异显著(P<0.01)。结论高血压、冠心病、慢性肾功能不全及高脂血症是动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的危险因素。     

High‐normal urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio is independently associated with metabolic syndrome in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross‐sectional community‐based study

Aims/Introduction

Microalbuminuria is positively related to metabolic syndrome (MetS). Our aim was to investigate whether urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) within the normal range is independently associated with MetS in Chinese community-based patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods

A total of 514 participants (206 males and 308 females; mean age 66 years) with UACR less than 3.5 mg/mmol were enrolled from two downtown areas of Shanghai. The participants were stratified into quartiles according to UACR levels. The prevalence of MetS was assessed and compared among the four groups by binary logistic regression.

Results

Compared with participants with UACRs in the first quartile, the other quartiles had a higher prevalence of MetS (65.9%, 74.4% and 81.3%, respectively, P = 0.001) after adjustment for sex and age. After adjusting for potential confounders, participants in the second to the fourth quartile group had a 1.36-, 1.84- and 2.73-fold risk of MetS, respectively, relative to those in the lowest quartile. Furthermore, UACR, whether as quartile groups or as a continuous variable, is an independent predictor of MetS after fully adjusting for other variables.

Conclusions

These results suggest that UACR even within the normal range is independently associated with MetS in Chinese community-based patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.