Chlamydial infection of subcutaneous conjunctival transplants in guinea pigs

The development and testing of candidate vaccines for trachoma are constrained because only humans and nonhuman primates are susceptible to conjunctival infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. Guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis (GPIC), an analogous disease of guinea pigs, provides a useful, less expensive model to study ocular chlamydial infections. GPIC is caused by a Chlamydia psittaci strain whose external constituents are very similar to those of C. trachomatis. To develop a better model for studying GPIC immunity, conjunctival pockets were established under the abdominal skin of guinea pigs by subcutaneous implantation. Up to six implants could be produced in each animal. The success rate of implantation was 79.0% (n = 148). These pockets were then infected with GPIC. The organism was recovered from the autografts indicating local replication, and tests for serum antibody by microimmunofluorescence showed production of GPIC-specific antibody of IgG and IgM classes after infection. There was minimal antibody response after moderate inoculating doses to the implants, and the titers increased more slowly than after eye infection with GPIC; with higher concentration of the inoculum, however, the antibody response increased to the same levels as with the ocular challenge but more slowly. Inoculation of pockets with GPIC also produced acute inflammatory changes in infected autografts (n = 101). Histologic examination of infected grafts showed chlamydial inclusions in epithelial cells and significant infiltration with lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear cells. Subcutaneous autografts may provide a useful model for chronologic studies of chlamydial infection. The delayed immunologic response, however, suggests that these pockets of implanted epithelium do not have full access to the immune system.     

Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Induces Apoptosis through Down-Regulation of c-mycGene and Overexpression of p27Protein in Cervical Carcinoma

Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is known to be a potent growth inhibitor for many cell types, including most epithelial cells. In skin keratinocytes, TGF-β1 has been shown to inhibit growth and to rapidly reduce c-mycexpression. However, the molecular mechanism of TGF-β1 action on cell growth of cervical carcinoma has not yet been elucidated. We thus assessed the effect of TGF-β1 on the growth of cervical carcinoma cell lines. Two cervical squamous carcinoma cell lines, CUMC-3 and CUMC-6, were incubated with varying concentrations of TGF-β1, and growth inhibition was evaluated with tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay. After culture in TGF-β1 for 24 h, inhibition of growth was detected in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations of 0.1–10 ng/ml in both cell lines. This effect of TGF-β1 on cultured carcinoma cells was associated with apoptotic process including oligonucleosomal ladder DNA and apoptotic body formations. Northern blot analysis revealed c-mycmRNA expression was suppressed by 10 ng/ml of TGF-β1 following 3 h of treatment in both cell lines. Western blot analysis showed that the level of p27^Kip1protein was increased after TGF-β1 treatment in both cell lines. These results suggest that the mechanisms by which TGF-β1 inhibits the growth of cervical carcinoma are complex and may include effects on down-regulation of c-mycgene, and overexpression of p27^Kip1protein.     

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喘息是儿童时期常见的症状之一,支气管扩张药物在年幼儿童中使用的有效性是多年来颇有争议的一个临床问题。争论的焦点在于,以往认为婴儿支气管平滑肌发育不成熟,喘息时气道动态闭合度增高和相对显著的黏膜水肿使其对支气管扩张剂的反应较弱。而近年的研究显示,虽然婴幼儿对支气管扩张剂的治疗反应弱于年长儿童和成年人,但在婴儿时期气道就存在对支气管扩张剂的反应[1],合理使用支气管扩张剂有利于改善喘息儿童的临床症状。1临床常用的支气管扩张剂1.1β2肾上腺素受体激动剂选择性β2受体激动剂是强效支气管扩张剂,支气管扩张作用是氨茶碱的…     

Nuclear Factor κB and Anesthetic Preconditioning during Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion

Background: Volatile anesthetic preconditioning (APC) protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, but the precise mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain undefined. To investigate the molecular mechanism of APC in myocardial protection, the activation of nuclear factor (NF) [kappa]B and its regulated inflammatory mediators expression were examined in the current study.

Methods: Hearts from male rats were isolated, Langendorff perfused, and randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) the control group: hearts were continuously perfused for 130 min; (2) the IR group: 30 min of equilibration, 15 min of baseline, 25 min of ischemia, 60 min of reperfusion; and (3) the APC + IR group: 30 min of equilibration, 10 min of sevoflurane exposure and a 5-min washout, 25 min of global ischemia, 60 min of reperfusion. Tissue samples were acquired at the end of reperfusion. NF-[kappa]B activity was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The NF-[kappa]B inhibitor, I[kappa]B-[alpha], was determined by Western blot analysis. Myocardial inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor [alpha], interleukin 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, were also assessed by Western blot analysis.

Results: Nuclear factor [kappa]B-DNA binding activity was significantly increased at the end of reperfusion in rat myocardium, and cytosolic I[kappa]B-[alpha] was decreased. Supershift assay revealed the involvement of NF-[kappa]B p65 and p50 subunits. APC with sevoflurane attenuated NF-[kappa]B activation and reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor [alpha], interleukin 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. APC also reduced infarct size and creatine kinase release and improved myocardial left ventricular developed pressure during IR.     

肾病综合征患者腺苷脱氨酶活性的变化及意义

通过检测对激素不同反应、不同病情的肾病综合征（NS）患者的血清及淋巴细胞内腺苷脱氨酶（ADA）的活性变化，观察ADA活性与临床疗效的关系。     

不同负荷运动训练对大鼠红细胞膜特性的影响

本文采用实验研究方法,通过对大鼠运动后红细胞数量,Hb浓度及体重等一般情况的检测,拟对其施加不同负荷的训练,观察训练后大鼠红细胞膜流动性及红细胞膜脂质成分的变化,进一步讨论运动后红细胞功能及机体机能所发生的变化。实验结果表明,小负荷的运动训练通过改善RBCM脂质组成,增加p/c比值、增强其抗氧化能力等增加RBCM流动性,使红细胞的变形能力增加,有利于其运氧功能的发挥。大负荷训练后RBCM流动性下降,提示不同负荷的运动训练会引起机体产生不同的变化,进而导致机体运动水平上的差异,整体携氧能力下降。     

Triptolide inhibits T cell activation and proliferation via multiple pathways

Triptolide is potent immunosuppressive has been reported to inhibit autoimmunity, compound isolated from Chinese herbal medicine. Triptolide allograft attributed to the suppression of T cells via NF - kB rejection and GVHD, and its efficacy was previously pathway and apoptosis. In the present study, we detailedly analyzed Triptolide＇ s function on murine primary T cell. We found that Triptolide could inhibit T cell activation and proliferation by dramatically down - regulating cell division and cell cycle. Triptolide inhibited T cell activation in a dose- dependent manner, and the inhibition was mediated by both NF- kB pathway and AP - 1 pathway.     

Serial CT findings of Paragonimus infested dogs and the Micro-CT findings of the worm cysts.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the serial CT findings of Paragonimus westermani infected dogs and the microscopic structures of the worm cysts using Micro-CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was approved by the committee on animal research at our institution. Fifteen dogs infected with P. westermani underwent serial contrast-enhanced CT scans at pre-infection, after 10 days of infection, and monthly thereafter until six months for determining the radiologic-pathologic correlation. Three dogs (one dog each time) were sacrificed at 1, 3 and 6 months, respectively. After fixation of the lungs, both multi-detector CT and Micro-CT were performed for examining the worm cysts. RESULTS: The initial findings were pleural effusion and/or subpleural ground-glass opacities or linear opacities at day 10. At day 30, subpleural and peribronchial nodules appeared with hydropneumothorax and abdominal or chest wall air bubbles. Cavitary change and bronchial dilatation began to be seen on CT scan at day 30 and this was mostly seen together with mediastinal lymphadenopathy at day 60. Thereafter, subpleural ground-glass opacities and nodules with or without cavitary changes were persistently observed until day 180. After cavitary change of the nodules, the migratory features of the subpleural or peribronchial nodules were seen on all the serial CT scans. Micro-CT showed that the cyst wall contained dilated interconnected tubular structures, which had communications with the cavity and the adjacent distal bronchus. CONCLUSION: The CT findings of paragonimiasis depend on the migratory stage of the worms. The worm cyst can have numerous interconnected tubular channels within its own wall and these channels have connections with the cavity and the adjacent distal bronchus.     

TUVP手术时间对血红蛋白及电解质的影响

目的 了解经尿道前列腺汽化电切手术时间对血红蛋白及血清电解质的影响。方法 对64例经尿道前列腺汽化电切术患按手术时间分组，观察手术前后血红蛋白及血清电解质的变化。结果 手术时间对血清电解质的降低有的影响，对血红蛋白降低的影响不显。结论 减少TUR综合征的关键是要操作熟练，缩短手术时间及手术中注意止血。     

Cutaneous Metastasis From Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous metastasis from adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland is very rare. OBJECTIVE: To present an unusual case of cutaneous metastasis from adenoid cystic carcinoma of the right parotid gland. METHODS: A 63-year-old woman with multiple subcutaneous nodules on the abdomen and a gradually enlarged mass over the right parotid area was examined. A skin biopsy was taken from one of the abdominal nodules. RESULT: Skin biopsy demonstrated the characteristic histopathologic features of metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma. A subsequent computerized tomography of the head and neck revealed a huge soft tissue mass involving the right parotid gland. Computerized tomography of the chest revealed extensive nodular pleural thickening, and pleural biopsy also showed typical histopathologic features of metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma. All of these results are consistent with the diagnosis of an adenoid cystic carcinoma of the right parotid gland with disseminated metastases. CONCLUSION: We report a rare case of cutaneous metastasis from adenoid cystic carcinoma of the right parotid gland. The presentation of cutaneous metastasis is often nonspecific and may mimic benign lesions. Subcutaneous nodules that are rapidly developing or eruptive, are rapidly growing and have stony hardness in nature, have pain or tenderness, and have nonhealing ulceration remind us of the possibility of cutaneous metastases. Dermatologists and dermatologic surgeons should keep the diagnosis of cutaneous metastasis in mind and always perform skin biopsy when encountering these lesions.