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31.
Vuylsteke A Davidson HJ Ho WS Ritchie AJ Callingham BA White R Hiley CR 《Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology》2001,37(4):394-405
The actions of the blood substitute diaspirin crosslinked hemoglobin (DCLHb) were investigated in rat (small mesenteric artery) and human (radial collateral artery) resistance vessels mounted in a wire myograph for isometric tension recording. DCLHb did not contract resting vessels from rats, but vasoconstrictor responses were observed in isolated arteries and perfused mesenteric beds prestimulated with threshold concentrations of methoxamine. The DCLHb contractile responses were greatly attenuated by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) or endothelial removal, whereas BQ-123 (endothelin A receptor antagonist), prazosin (alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist), or indomethacin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor) had no effect. Endothelium-dependent relaxations to carbachol in both rat mesenteric and human radial collateral artery were inhibited by DCLHb. Relaxations to carbachol were studied in the presence of L-NAME or 25 mM KCl to investigate the effect of DCLHb on endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) and nitric oxide, respectively. In both rat and human vessels, EDHF-mediated relaxations were not affected by DCLHb preincubation, whereas the nitric oxide component of carbachol-induced relaxations was practically abolished. In conclusion, inhibition of the effects of basal nitric oxide release underpins the vasoconstrictor effects of DCLHb. DCLHb effectively abolishes the nitric oxide component of carbachol-induced relaxation, with no effect on the EDHF-mediated component in both isolated rat mesenteric and human radial collateral arteries. 相似文献
32.
40年前创立的青少年糖尿病研究基金会((JDRF)是一个致力于通过支持研究来探寻1型糖尿病(TIDM)及其并发症治疗方法的组织.20世纪70年代有学者提出,TIDM和2型糖尿病(T2DM)的发病机制有根本的不同,T1DM与主要组织相容性复合体的人白细胞抗原(HLA)有独特相关性,有胰岛细胞自身抗体. 相似文献
33.
Strangulation in child abuse: CT diagnosis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The central nervous system is commonly affected in child abuse. Between April 1985 and July 1986 three infants were identified in whom the primary mode of injury had been strangulation. In each case computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a large cerebral infarction confined to vascular territories associated with small subdural hematomas. There was no history or visible evidence of significant head trauma. Autopsy of one infant confirmed the presence of a hemispheric infarct, thin subdural hematoma, and an area of subintimal hemorrhage in the carotid artery ipsilateral to the infarct. The remaining two patients survived with residual hemiparesis. CT findings of a large cerebral infarction with an associated subdural hematoma in an infant without a history of a significant trauma should suggest the possibility of child abuse and may be the primary manifestation of abuse in some patients. 相似文献
34.
Intracranial abnormalities in infants treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: imaging with US and CT 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Findings at neuroimaging in 100 consecutive infants treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are presented. Imaging in these infants consisted of pretreatment cranial ultrasonography (US), daily US studies while on ECMO, and follow-up cranial computed tomography (CT) after treatment. There were findings of abnormalities in 43 patients. Thirty had intracranial bleeding, often of unusual extent and distribution. Thirteen additional infants had nonhemorrhagic abnormalities alone. Bleeding considered to be major was seen in 12% of infants. Large parenchymal hemorrhages and infarcts, cerebellar hemorrhages, and diffuse edema were the most significant abnormalities, with a 50% mortality (eight of 16 patients). No lateralization was noted with respect to distribution of bleeding sites or areas of nonhemorrhagic abnormalities. US was a sensitive but imperfect screening tool for intracranial abnormalities. Abnormalities missed with US included peripheral and small parenchymal lesions, subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral atrophy, and sagittal sinus thrombosis. 相似文献
35.
A retrospective study was performed to estimate the frequency of alloimmunization against red cell (RBC) antigens in a multiply transfused group. Patients (n = 186) were studied who had received at least six blood transfusions during a period of at least 3 months. Some 6944 units of blood were transfused. One hundred forty patients had hematologic disorders. The patients' sera were investigated every 3 months with indirect antiglobulin tests and enzyme-treated RBCs. Twenty-two patients (11.8%) made 33 antibodies. Seven patients made more than one antibody. Eight of the 22 patients (36.4%) made their first antibody before or at the 10th transfusion. The risk of immunization increased with the number of transfusions. Influence of gender and age was not demonstrable. Nor was a relationship demonstrated between blood transfusion reactions and RBC antibody formation; no delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions occurred. Anti-E was demonstrated in 12 patients and anti-K in 15. When the gene frequencies were taken into account, it appeared that anti-E was made by 11.5 percent of E-negative patients, most of whom were immunized after an estimated three transfusions with E-positive blood. Anti-K was made by 8.7 percent of the K-negative patients, after an estimated 2.1 units of K-positive blood. It might be desirable to match red cell units for the E and K antigens in patients at relatively high risk. These are primarily patients who have already formed an antibody and are going to receive many transfusions and women of childbearing age who are to receive more than 4 units of blood. 相似文献
36.
37.
The NADPH-dependent reduction of chromium (VI), a known carcinogen, by
hepatic microsomes was very similar for all five humans examined, with an
apparent Km for chromate of 1.04-1.68 microM, and a Vmax of 10.4- 10.7
nmol/min/mg protein. Inhibitor studies indicate no role for cytochrome
P450s, but a prominent role for flavoproteins, which could include P450
reductase, flavin-containing mono-oxygenase and cytochrome b5. Relative to
anaerobic conditions, Cr(VI) reduction was inhibited only 26-37% by room
air, which indicates that human microsomal Cr(VI) reduction could still
proceed at significant rates, even in tissues with high O2 tensions.
Studies with lung microsomes from one human exhibited Vmax and Km values
that were two-thirds lower and 2.8-fold greater, respectively, than those
of hepatic microsomes from the same individual; other Cr(VI)-reducing
parameters were similar for lung and liver. Various forms of exogenous
iron, when present at 0.76-6.3 microM, markedly enhanced both liver and
lung microsomal rates and Vmax of Cr(VI) reduction, but did not
significantly alter the other Cr(VI)- reducing parameters (Km, effects of
O2 and inhibitors). These iron levels were 3.1- to 26-fold lower than the
initial Cr(VI) concentration, which suggests that iron is serving a
catalytic role. The ratio of human microsomal Cr(VI) reduction rates under
aerobic versus anaerobic conditions remained fairly constant, regardless of
iron concentration. Small increases in intracellular iron could therefore
lead to large increases in the rate and extent of microsomal Cr(VI)
reduction. Individuals that are simultaneously exposed to Cr(VI) and to
agents that increase intracellular iron could therefore be at potentially
greater risk for Cr(VI) toxicity and carcinogenicity.
相似文献
38.
Effects of moderate hypoxia, hypercapnia and acidosis on haemodynamic changes induced by endothelin-1 in the pithed rat. 总被引:6,自引:5,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
1. Pithed rats were respired at a fixed rate of 54 cycles min-1 and with a ventilation volume of either 20 (control) or 10 ml kg-1. In these two preparations, the dose-response relationships for the systemic blood pressure responses to endothelin-1, administered i.v., were examined. Also, cardiac output, its distribution, tissue blood flows and vascular resistances were determined at both respiratory volumes in pithed rats given saline or during pressor responses to endothelin-1 (750 ng, i.v.). Finally, a comparison was made of the pressor responses to endothelin-1 in the blood perfused superior mesenteric arterial bed of pithed rats respired at 10 or 20 ml kg-1. 2. In control rats the systemic blood pressure responses to i.v. endothelin-1 were biphasic with an initial, transient (30 s) decrease in blood pressure followed by a well sustained pressor response. These responses were dose-dependent (the ED50 for the pressor response being 0.27 +/- 0.04 micrograms). The pressor effect of endothelin-1 was due to an increase in total peripheral resistance with no change in heart rate or cardiac output. This increased total peripheral resistance was due to vasoconstriction of the spleen, stomach, large intestine, small intestine and the pancreas/mesentery (in which it was most severe). Endothelin-1 also increased blood flow through the heart, lungs, liver, epididimides, fat and skin through redistribution of cardiac output to these vascular beds. 3. At the lower ventilation volume there was moderate acidosis, hypoxia and hypercapnia relative to those rats respired at 20 ml kg-1. With respiration at 10 ml kg-1, the pressor response to endothelin-1 was not sustained and, after oscillations in both blood pressure and heart rate, death occurred 15-20 min after administration. The pressor effect resulted from increases in cardiac output (due to increased stroke volume) and total peripheral resistance: the latter was caused by vasoconstriction in the stomach, small intestine, large intestine and pancreas/mesentery. Endothelin-1 increased blood flow through the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, testes, fat and skin due to either an increase in cardiac output, redistribution of cardiac output or both. 4. Endothelin-1 induced dose-dependent pressor responses in the mesenteric bed in situ. At the lower ventilation volume the potency of endothelin-1 in this vascular bed was increased approximately two fold with the ED50 being 68 +/- 7 pmol compared to 113 +/- 15 pmol in the rats respired at 20 ml kg-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) 相似文献
39.
Moore AD; Godwin JD; Muller NL; Naidich DP; Hammar SP; Buschman DL; Takasugi JE; de Carvalho CR 《Radiology》1989,172(1):249-254
The authors retrospectively evaluated radiographs, computed tomographic (CT) scans, and results of pulmonary function tests (when available) for 17 patients with biopsy-proved pulmonary histiocytosis X. In 11 patients, high-resolution CT was used. In 12 patients, CT demonstrated cystic air spaces, usually less than 10 mm in diameter. In three of these 12, cysts were the only abnormality, but in six others, nodules (usually less than 5 mm in diameter) were also present. Two patients had only nodules and one, only emphysema. CT showed that many lesions that appeared reticular on plain radiographs were actually cysts. CT showed no central or peripheral concentration of lesions, but it did reveal that many small nodules were distributed in the centers of secondary lobules around small airways. CT findings correlated better with the diffusing capacity (rho = -0.71) than did the plain radiographic findings (rho = -0.57). Thus, CT was better than radiography at showing the morphology and distribution of lung abnormalities. 相似文献
40.
Digital imaging of the chest 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Fraser RG; Sanders C; Barnes GT; MacMahon H; Giger ML; Doi K; Templeton AW; Cox GG; Dwyer SJ d; Merritt CR 《Radiology》1989,171(2):297-307
During the past several years, image acquisition in nuclear medicine, computed tomography, ultrasonography, subtraction angiography, and magnetic resonance has been by digitization. Despite these advances, research in the development of digital imaging in conventional radiography has lagged behind. Although studies with a variety of digital techniques have been carried out on several fronts, we still do not possess a method that has captured the imagination of the majority of radiologists and other physicians to a point where it could replace conventional screen-film imaging. This article reviews the current status and general principles of the technology, focusing on the four digital radiographic techniques that have shown the greatest promise - film digitization, an image intensifier - based system, photostimulable phosphor plates, and a scanned projection system. The physical aspects of each of the four systems and the clinical results that have been reported to date, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each system, are presented. 相似文献