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91.
Seyed Morteza Shamshirgaran Louisa Jorm Sanja Lujic Hilary Bambrick 《Primary Care Diabetes》2019,13(1):71-81
Background
Ethnic variation in the occurrence of type 2 diabetes, complications, mortality, and health behaviours has been reported. The current research examined patterns of health-related outcomes by country of birth in people with diabetes aged 45 years and over in New South Wales, Australia.Methods
This study was based on the baseline data of 266,848 participants aged 45 years and over from “The Sax Institute’s 45 and Up Study” (2006–2009), NSW; Australia’s most populous state. Health-related factors including self-rated overall health, Quality of Life (QoL), eyesight, subjective memory complaint, hearing loss, psychological distress and functional limitation were examined according to country of birth among 23,112 people with type 2 diabetes. Logistic regression modelling was used to compare the odds of poor outcomes between Australian-born and overseas-born participants, adjusting for potential confounding and mediating variables. Both age-sex and fully adjusted odds ratios (aORs) are reported.Results
Nearly half of the people with diabetes in the sample reported hearing loss and high levels of functional limitations, a third reported poor overall health. Compared to people with diabetes born in Australia, people born in South East Europe, North Africa, the Middle East had significantly greater odds of poor outcomes across the majority of examined health-related factors, with the largest odds observed in the elevated level of psychological distress outcome (aOR = 3.4 in North African and the Middle East group). Higher aORs of poor overall health, QoL, memory problems and poor eyesight, and lower aORs for hearing loss, were also found among those born in the Asian countries.Conclusions
The results demonstrated significant ethnic disparity in the prevalence of health-related outcomes. These findings provide important context for the formulation of culturally sensitive secondary prevention strategies. 相似文献92.
Heron SE Crossland KM Andermann E Phillips HA Hall AJ Bleasel A Shevell M Mercho S Seni MH Guiot MC Mulley JC Berkovic SF Scheffer IE 《Lancet》2002,360(9336):851-852
Ion-channel gene defects are associated with a range of paroxysmal disorders, including several monogenic epilepsy syndromes. Two autosomal dominant disorders present in the first year of life: benign familial neonatal seizures, which is associated with potassium-channel gene defects; and benign familial infantile seizures, for which no genes have been identified. Here, we describe a clinically intermediate variant, benign familial neonatal-infantile seizures, with mutations in the sodium-channel subunit gene SCN2A. This clinico-molecular correlation defines a new benign familial epilepsy syndrome beginning in early infancy, an age at which seizure disorders frequently have a sombre prognosis. 相似文献
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96.
Koser ML McGettigan JP Tan GS Smith ME Koprowski H Dietzschold B Schnell MJ 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2004,101(25):9405-9410
Rabies virus (RV) nucleoprotein (N) tightly encapsidates the genomic and antigenomic RNA of RV to form the viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex. Antigens, such as N, presented in a highly organized structure are sufficient and even desirable to activate B cells to proliferate and produce antibodies. In addition to activating B cells to proliferate, it has been shown that RV N in the RNP complex induces potent T helper cell responses resulting in long-lasting and strong humoral immune responses against RV. The possibility to systematically incorporate foreign genes into the genome of RV and produce a recombinant virus allows us to examine whether the immunogenicity of foreign antigens can be enhanced by incorporation into the RV RNP structure. To test this hypothesis we constructed a recombinant RV expressing a RV N-GFP fusion protein. The chimeric N-GFP fusion protein was efficiently expressed and incorporated into RV RNP and virions. Moreover, the recombinant RNP induces a strong humoral immune response against GFP in mice. In contrast, mice inoculated with GFP alone or a combination of wild-type RV RNPs and GFP did not trigger any GFP-specific humoral responses using the same immunization schedule. These data indicate the usefulness of RV-based vectors as killed vaccines against other infectious diseases. 相似文献
97.
Identification of viral genomic elements responsible for rabies virus neuroinvasiveness 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
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Faber M Pulmanausahakul R Nagao K Prosniak M Rice AB Koprowski H Schnell MJ Dietzschold B 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2004,101(46):16328-16332
Attenuated tissue culture-adapted and natural street rabies virus (RV) strains differ greatly in their neuroinvasiveness. To identify the elements responsible for the ability of an RV to enter the CNS from a peripheral site and to cause lethal neurological disease, we constructed a full-length cDNA clone of silver-haired bat-associated RV (SHBRV) strain 18 and exchanged the genes encoding RV proteins and genomic sequences of this highly neuroinvasive RV strain with those of a highly attenuated nonneuroinvasive RV vaccine strain (SN0). Analysis of the recombinant RV (SB0), which was recovered from SHBRV-18 cDNA, indicated that this RV is phenotypically indistinguishable from WT SHBRV-18. Characterization of the chimeric viruses revealed that in addition to the RV glycoprotein, which plays a predominant role in the ability of an RV to invade the CNS from a peripheral site, viral elements such as the trailer sequence, the RV polymerase, and the pseudogene contribute to RV neuroinvasiveness. Analyses also revealed that neuroinvasiveness of an RV correlates inversely with the time necessary for internalization of RV virions and with the capacity of the virus to grow in neuroblastoma cells. 相似文献
98.
Genetic deletion of ghrelin does not decrease food intake but influences metabolic fuel preference 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
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Wortley KE Anderson KD Garcia K Murray JD Malinova L Liu R Moncrieffe M Thabet K Cox HJ Yancopoulos GD Wiegand SJ Sleeman MW 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2004,101(21):8227-8232
Ghrelin is a recently identified growth hormone (GH) secretogogue whose administration not only induces GH release but also stimulates food intake, increases adiposity, and reduces fat utilization in mice. The effect on food intake appears to be independent of GH release and instead due to direct activation of orexigenic neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. The effects of ghrelin administration on food intake have led to the suggestion that inhibitors of endogenous ghrelin could be useful in curbing appetite and combating obesity. To further study the role of endogenous ghrelin in appetite and body weight regulation, we generated ghrelin-deficient (ghrl(-/-)) mice, in which the ghrelin gene was precisely replaced with a lacZ reporter gene. ghrl(-/-) mice were viable and exhibited normal growth rates as well as normal spontaneous food intake patterns, normal basal levels of hypothalamic orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides, and no impairment of reflexive hyperphagia after fasting. These results indicate that endogenous ghrelin is not an essential regulator of food intake and has, at most, a redundant role in the regulation of appetite. However, analyses of ghrl(-/-) mice demonstrate that endogenous ghrelin plays a prominent role in determining the type of metabolic substrate (i.e., fat vs. carbohydrate) that is used for maintenance of energy balance, particularly under conditions of high fat intake. 相似文献
99.
Eisenman DP Meredith LS Rhodes H Green BL Kaltman S Cassells A Tobin JN 《Journal of general internal medicine》2008,23(9):1386-1392
Background Little is known about how Latinos with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) understand their illness and their preferences
for mental health treatment.
Objective To understand the illness beliefs and treatment preferences of Latino immigrants with PTSD.
Design Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews.
Participants Sixty foreign-born, Latino adults recruited from five primary care centers in New York and New Jersey and screened for PTSD.
Approach Content analytic methods identified common themes, their range, and most frequent or typical responses.
Results Participants identified their primary feelings as sadness, anxiety, nervousness, and fear. The most common feeling was “sad”
(triste). Other words frequently volunteered were “angry” (enojada), “nervous” (nerviosa), and “scared” (miedo). Participants viewed their PTSD as impairing health and functioning. They ascribed their somatic symptoms and their general
medical problems to the “stress” from the trauma and its consequences on their lives. The most common reason participants
volunteered for their work and school functioning being impaired was their poor concentration, often due to intrusive thoughts.
Most expressed their desire to receive mental health treatment, to receive it within their primary care center, and preferred
psychotherapy over psychotropic medications. Among participants who did not report wanting treatment, most said it was because
the trauma was “in the past.”
Conclusions Clinicians may consider enquiring about PTSD in Latino patients who report feeling sad, anxious, nervous, or fearful. Our
study suggests topics clinicians may include in the psychoeducation of patients with PTSD. 相似文献
100.
Wai-Kit Lo Hilary J. Goldberg Steve Boukedes Robert Burakoff Walter W. Chan 《Digestive diseases and sciences》2018,63(2):403-410