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Sharma A Epstein AE Herre JM Klein RC Platia EV Wilkoff B Ledingham RB Greene HL Hallstrom AP;DAVID Investigators 《The American journal of cardiology》2005,95(12):1431-1435
We compared 2 studies of implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICDs) to determine the effects of device mode on outcomes. The Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) trial (1993 to 1997) demonstrated improved survival with the ICD compared with antiarrhythmic drug therapy. The Dual-chamber And VVI Implantable Defibrillator (DAVID) trial (2000 to 2002) showed that VVI pacing at 40 beats/min in patients with ICDs reduced the combined end point of death and hospitalization for congestive heart failure compared with DDDR pacing at 70 beats/min. Patients in the AVID trial (631 of 1,016) and the DAVID trial (221 of 506) meeting common inclusion and all exclusion criteria were studied. The major end points were the time to death, and the composite end point of time to death or hospitalization for congestive heart failure. Patients in the AVID and DAVID trials were similar, but more AVID patients had coronary artery disease (p = 0.04), history of myocardial infarction (p = 0.005), and previous ventricular arrhythmias (p = 0.03). DAVID patients underwent more previous revascularization procedures (coronary artery bypass surgery, p = 0.03; percutaneous coronary intervention, p = 0.001), and were more often taking beta-blocking drugs at hospital discharge (p <0.001). The backup VVI ICD groups in both studies had similar outcomes (p = 0.4), even when corrected for the previous demographic differences. The time-to- composite end point was similar in AVID patients treated with antiarrhythmic drugs and DAVID patients treated with DDDR ICDs (p = 0.6). Despite improved pharmacologic therapy and revascularization, outcomes have not improved with backup VVI pacing ICDs. If DDDR ICDs had been used in the AVID trial, benefit from ICDs for patients with serious ventricular arrhythmias could have been missed. 相似文献
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Critical review of host specificity and its coevolutionary implications in the fig/fig-wasp mutualism
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Machado CA Robbins N Gilbert MT Herre EA 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2005,102(Z1):6558-6565
Figs (Ficus spp., Moraceae) and their pollinating wasps (Agaonidae, Chalcidoidea) constitute perhaps the most tightly integrated pollination mutualism that is known. Figs are characterized by extraordinarily high global and local species diversity. It has been proposed that the diversification of this mutualism has occurred through strict-sense coadaptation and cospeciation between pairs of fig and wasp species that are associated in highly specific one-to-one relationships. However, existing studies cast doubt on the generality of this proposition. Here, we review our current knowledge of the evolutionary history of the fig/fig-wasp mutualism. We critically examine the idea that codivergence between figs and their pollinators has been dominated by strict-sense cospeciation. We present phylogenetic and population genetic data from neotropical fig and fig wasp species that suggest that a more accurate model for diversification in this mutualism is that of groups of genetically well defined wasp species coevolving with genetically less well defined (frequently hybridizing) groups of figs. Last, we use our results to assess previously proposed hypotheses on models of speciation in this mutualism. 相似文献
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Snapshot of moving and expanding clones of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and their global distribution assessed by spoligotyping in an international study 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
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Filliol I Driscoll JR van Soolingen D Kreiswirth BN Kremer K Valétudie G Dang DA Barlow R Banerjee D Bifani PJ Brudey K Cataldi A Cooksey RC Cousins DV Dale JW Dellagostin OA Drobniewski F Engelmann G Ferdinand S Gascoyne-Binzi D Gordon M Gutierrez MC Haas WH Heersma H Kassa-Kelembho E Ho ML Makristathis A Mammina C Martin G Moström P Mokrousov I Narbonne V Narvskaya O Nastasi A Niobe-Eyangoh SN Pape JW Rasolofo-Razanamparany V Ridell M Rossetti ML Stauffer F Suffys PN Takiff H Texier-Maugein J 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2003,41(5):1963-1970
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Ohne ZusammenfassungEin Teil der Ergebnisse wurde auf dem letzten Kongreß der Deutschen Pharmakologischen Gesellschaft von F. Hildebrandt mitgeteilt. 相似文献
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Isabelle Devaux Kristin Kremer Herre Heersma Dick Van Soolingen 《Emerging infectious diseases》2009,15(7):1052-1060
Molecular surveillance of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) was implemented in Europe as case reporting in 2005. For all new MDR TB cases detected from January 2003 through June 2007, countries reported case-based epidemiologic data and DNA fingerprint patterns of MDR TB strains when available. International clusters were detected and analyzed. From 2003 through mid-2007 in Europe, 2,494 cases of MDR TB were reported from 24 European countries. Epidemiologic and molecular data were linked for 593 (39%) cases, and 672 insertion sequence 6110 DNA fingerprint patterns were reported from 19 countries. Of these patterns, 288 (43%) belonged to 18 European clusters; 7 clusters (242/288 cases, 84%) were characterized by strains of the Beijing genotype family, including the largest cluster (175/288 cases, 61%). Both clustering and the Beijing genotype were associated with strains originating in eastern European countries. Molecular cluster detection contributes to identification of transmission profile, risk factors, and control measures. 相似文献
80.
Fatal gunshot injuries with unusual firearms are rare. A total of 16 cases of suicide by self-constructed or manipulated firearms from the years 2007–2009 are described. Technical characteristics of the weapons involved as well as morphological findings and incident reconstructions are presented. In addition a review of the literature is given. The weapons involved in this study were 6 self-constructed shooting devices, 5 manipulated blank firearms, 2 unmodified blank firearms, 1 signal pistol for maritime usage, 1 sawn-off shotgun and 1 replicate of a muzzle loader. The efficiency of the weapons involved achieved by manipulation or by construction is shown in this study as well as indications for the medicolegal expertise in such cases. 相似文献