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Anthracycline cardiotoxicity. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Anthracycline drugs have been widely used as chemotherapeuticagents against a range of cancers, including sarcomas, carcinomas,leukaemias, and lymphomas. However, cardiotoxic effects, inparticular the development of cardiomyopathy, have limited theirclinical use. The observation of dose-dependent cardiotoxicityhas resulted in a recommended empirical dose limit of 450 mg/m2of body surface area. Age, gender, pre-existing heart disease,hypertension, and mediastinal irradiation have also been implicatedas factors contributing to the development of doxorubicin-associatedcardiomyopathy. However, cardiotoxicity may still occur at relativelylow levels of drug administration, even in individuals withno additional risk factors, and the onset may be delayed bymany years.1 More recently, the use of trastuzumab, a monoclonalantibody directed against the HER2 receptor, has been 相似文献
33.
Melanophores were studied in tadpoles of the South African clawed toad, Xenopus laevis , during the first week after hatching (stages 46–49) at 25°C. The tadpoles had melanophores with dispersed melanosomes in the light and punctate melanophores in the dark in LD12:12. The melanophores remained punctate in constant dark and the melanosomes remained dispersed in constant light. Lights-out (in the light-time of LD12:12) caused the melanophores to become punctate, which occurred more quickly than the dispersion of melanosomes, which commenced when the lights were turned on (in the dark-time of LD12:12). Melanophores with dispersed melanosomes in tadpoles (in constant light) became punctate in response to a series of melatonin concentrations (0.2–5 ng/ml) in their bathing water irrespective of the time of day melatonin was administered. An image-analysis technique for assessing melanophore responses was tested. 相似文献
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Thomas A. Blakely Jr. Francis M. Crinella Todd D. Fisher Lorraine Champaigne Frances W. Beck 《Journal of developmental and physical disabilities》1994,6(1):1-22
Since Samuel Orton's (1937) assertion that dyslexia reflects abnormal brain organization, the relationship of learning disabilities
to brain dysfunction has been the topic of considerable debate. Recently, learning-disabled individuals have been studied
in conjunction with those known to have neurological dysfunction, in a search for common subtypes. In the present study, a
population of 177 children, ages 9-0 to 14-0, were assessed on an augmented version of the Children's Halstead-Reitan Battery.
One hundred twenty-nine Ss were learning-disabled, 37 of whom also had verified brain damage. The remaining 48 children had
neither learning disabilities nor evidence of brain damage. Patterns of neuropsychological performance were determined using
Tryon's clustering methods. The procedure yielded six subject clusters: (A) and (B)—children with low general intellectual
ability; (C) children who are clumsy and lethargic; (D) children with language dysfunction; (E) children with faulty spatial
orientation; and (F) children with no detectable neuropsychological deficits. These clusters were similar to those identified
by investigators who have used other subject-clustering methods. Brain-damaged individuals were more prevalent in some clusters
(e.g., A and B) than in others (e.g., E and F), and substantial numbers of learning disabled subjects were also found in clusters
where brain-damaged individuals tended to cluster, indicating similar neuropsychological profiles. The cluster structure was
validated by comparison with subtypes identified by other investigators, as well as by tests of association between clusters
with exogenous factors (e.g., history of prematurity; seizures). 相似文献
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Mary C. Zanarini Frances R. Frankenburg Deborah L. Chauncey John G. Gunderson 《Comprehensive psychiatry》1987,28(6):467-480
The Diagnostic Interview for Personality Disorders (DIPD) is a semistructured interview of 252 questions that encompasses all 11 Axis II disorders described in the DSM-III. Its interrater reliability was assessed using a sample of 43 patients and its test-retest reliability was assessed using a separate sample of 54 patients. Adequate kappas were obtained in both situations for all disorders except schizoid personality disorder, which was never diagnosed. Interrater coefficients ranged from .52 to 1.0, with nine in the excellent range (κ > .75). Test-retest coefficients ranged from .46 to .85, with four in the excellent range. These results compara very favorably to those achieved using the other two Axis II interviews that have appeared in the literature, the Structured Interview for the DSM-III Personality Disorders (SIDP) and the Personality Disorder Examination (PDE). 相似文献
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D Simeon B Stanley A Frances J J Mann R Winchel M Stanley 《The American journal of psychiatry》1992,149(2):221-226
OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to determine whether self-mutilators with personality disorders differ from nonmutilators with personality disorders in impulsivity, aggression, and other psychopathology and whether serotonergic dysfunction contributes to self-mutilation. METHOD: Twenty-six self-mutilators with personality disorders were matched to 26 control subjects with personality disorders for gender, age, education, axis I diagnosis of affective disorder, and axis II diagnosis of personality disorder. Numerous indexes of psychopathology as well as CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels and platelet imipramine binding sites (Bmax) and affinity (Kd) were determined. RESULTS: Self-mutilators had significantly more severe character pathology, had greater lifetime aggression, and were more antisocial than the control subjects. The self-mutilators scored higher on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression but not on the Beck Depression Inventory or the Beck Hopelessness Scale. The two groups did not differ on the Buss-Durkee Hostility and Guilt Inventory or on the Sensation Seeking Scale. The degree of self-mutilation was significantly correlated with impulsivity, chronic anger, and somatic anxiety. Both self-mutilation and impulsivity showed significant negative correlations with Bmax, although the two groups did not differ in CSF 5-HIAA levels or in platelet imipramine binding. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate the contribution of severe character pathology, aggression, impulsivity, anxiety, and anger to self-mutilation and provide preliminary support for the hypothesis of underlying serotonergic dysfunction facilitating self-mutilation. 相似文献