山东省部分农村外来妇女HIV感染状况调查

目的了解山东省农村外来妇女的艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染状况，为制定艾滋病防治措施提供科学依据。方法对1985年以来，由外省（外国）迁入山东省某县并在当地常住的772名农村妇女进行入户面对面调查，并采集血清检测HIV抗体。结果该县农村外来妇女HIV感染率为2．59％。HIV感染者平均年龄为28．15岁，HIV感染者与非感染者的年龄差异有显著的统计学意义（t=157．7245，P〈0．01）。在HIV感染者中，原籍为云南省的占95．0％；其中尤以德宏州的居多，占94．74％。发现的HIV感染者迁入时间最早者为1999年。并发现有3人已经性接触将HIV传染给配偶，1人经母婴传播将HIV传染给子女。结论山东省农村外来妇女中存在着一定的HIV感染流行，并造成了HIV的二代传播。应该加强对来自艾滋病较高流行省份的农村妇女的HIV综合监测，并对现已发现的HIV感染者做好定期随访、管理，提供必要的医学指导，最大限度地控制艾滋病在山东省农村地区一般人群的进一步传播。     

Guggulsterone, a plant sterol, inhibits NF-kappaB activation and protects pancreatic beta cells from cytokine toxicity

Guggulsterone has been used to treat hyperlipidemia, arthritis, and obesity. Although its anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperlipidemic effects have been well documented, the effect of guggulsterone on pancreatic beta cells is unknown. Therefore, in this study, the effect of guggulsterone on IL-1beta- and IFN-gamma-induced beta-cell damage was investigated. Treatment of RINm5F (RIN) rat insulinoma cells with IL-1beta and IFN-gamma induced cell damage, and this damage was well correlated with nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. However, guggulsterone completely prevented cytokines-mediated cytotoxicity, as well as NO and PGE2 production, and these effects were correlated with reduced levels of the inducible form of NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA and protein expressions. The molecular mechanism by which guggulsterone inhibits iNOS and COX-2 gene expressions appeared to involve the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation. The cytoprotective effects of guggulsterone were also mediated through the suppression of the JAK/STAT pathway. Cells treated with the cytokines downregulated the protein level of SOCS-3, however pretreatment with guggulsterone attenuated this decrease. Additionally, in a second set of experiments in which rat islets were used, the findings regarding the beta-cell protective effects of guggulsterone were essentially the same as those observed when RIN cells were used; guggulsterone prevented cytokines-induced NO and PGE2 production, iNOS and COX-2 expressions, JAK/STAT activation, NF-kappaB activation, downregulation of SOCS-3, and impairment of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Collectively, these results suggest that guggulsterone may be used to preserve functional beta-cell mass.     

Regional differences in HIV prevalence among drug users in China: potential for future spread of HIV?

Background  

Drug use and in particular injecting drug use has been at the forefront of the explosive spread of HIV in general populations in many countries in Asia. There is concern that also in China increased HIV incidence in drug users might spark off a generalized epidemic in the wider population. Close monitoring of HIV incidence and risk factors in drug users is therefore important to be able to target interventions effectively. Second generation surveillance was launched to assess HIV prevalence and risk behaviours jointly with the purpose of describing trends and predicting future developments. To assess whether these goals were fulfilled among drug users in China we provide an analysis of risk factors for HIV infection and of regional differences in HIV prevalence.     

黄芩提取物对小鼠耳肿胀和足肿胀的抗炎作用研究

目的研究黄芩提取物(SBE)的抗炎作用,为黄芩的开发应用提供参考依据。方法灌胃给予黄芩提取物及吲哚美辛,每天1次,连续5 d,末次给药后,采用小鼠二甲苯致炎耳廓肿胀法、角叉菜胶致炎足肿法复制急性炎症模型,观察各组小鼠耳廓肿胀度、肿胀率及足肿胀度。结果与模型对照组比较,SBE大、小剂量组(10 g/kg、5 g/kg)可以显著抑制二甲苯致小鼠的耳廓肿胀、角叉菜胶致小鼠的足肿胀(P0.05或P0.01)。结论黄芩提取物具有一定的抗炎作用。     

Keeping the right time in space: importance of circadian clock and sleep for physiology and performance of astronauts

The circadian clock and sleep are essential for human physiology and behavior; deregulation of circadian rhythms impairs health and performance. Circadian clocks and sleep evolved to adapt to Earth’s environment, which is characterized by a 24-hour light–dark cycle. Changes in gravity load, lighting and work schedules during spaceflight missions can impact circadian clocks and disrupt sleep, in turn jeopardizing the mood, cognition and performance of orbiting astronauts. In this review, we summarize our understanding of both the influence of the space environment on the circadian timing system and sleep and the impact of these changes on astronaut physiology and performance.     

X线透视引导下肠内营养管置入的临床分析

目的 探讨X线透视引导下肠内营养管置入的临床效果。方法从该院2013年9月—2014年9月收治的需接受肠内营养支持的患者中随机选择103例进行研究,给予X线透视引导置入肠内营养管。观察肠内营养管的一次置管成功率和平均置管操作时间以及并发症发生情况,并进行分析。结果 103例患者均一次置管成功,一次置管成功率为100.0%,平均操作置管时间（7.92±0.25）min。经统计,在置管过程中,一共有6例患者诉鼻咽部不适,置管结束后均消失,未给予特殊处理。所有患者均未出现会厌功能紊乱、误插、吸入性肺炎、心律失常等并发症。结论 X线透视下引导置入肠内营养管可以达到良好的一次成功置管效果,置管操作时间短,并发症少,具有良好的临床应用效果。     

连建伟论治妇科经验举隅

[目的]探讨连建伟教授诊治妇科杂病之经验。[方法]收集近年连建伟教授有关不孕,月经不调等妇科医案427例,并汇总其中有代表性医案,探讨连教授的诊治特色。[结果]连建伟教授运用四诊辨证加减组方,针对妇女虚、寒、瘀体质引起的不孕,月经不调等疾病,灵活诊治,扶正祛邪,达到满意的疗效。[结论]连建伟教授使用古代妇科方药可有效治疗现代妇科问题,具有较好的临床实践及教学意义。     

来曲唑联合电针、二甲双胍片与氯米芬治疗肥胖型多囊卵巢综合征的对比研究

目的对比研究来曲唑（LE）联合电针、二甲双胍片与氯米芬（CC）等治疗肥胖型多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）的临床疗效,寻求更有效的方案。方法选择肥胖型PCOS不孕患者,观察组79例月经第五天采用LE联合电针治疗,并服用二甲双胍片。对照组47例,采用CC、二甲双胍和戊酸雌二醇治疗。观察二组排卵日、“植入窗期”子宫内膜厚度、子宫螺旋动脉PI、RI值,治疗前后空腹胰岛素水平（FINs）、性激素结合球蛋白含量（sHBG）以及周期排卵率、妊娠率等。结果观察组子宫内膜厚度均优于对照组同期,PI、RI值则明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）,FINS下降,SHBG明显上升,观察组周期排卵率周期为71．83％,6个月妊娠率49．37％,均明显高于对照组。结论LE联合电针、二甲双胍片治疗肥胖型PCOS疗效优于CC,值得进一步研究推广。     

Evaluation of collagen alteration after topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) using second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy--in vivo study in a mouse model

Topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated by 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has been used for the treatment of age-related skin lesions for therapeutic or cosmetic purposes. The modulation of collagen component and structure might play a significant role in influencing treatment outcomes of PDT. In this study, the effect of multi-session low dose ALA PDT on skin rejuvenation was examined in a hairless mouse model. Changes in collagen and skin texture were investigated by histological examination and in vivo second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy. Results indicated that multi-session PDT could improve the collagen density and arrangement of skin tissue. SHG microscopy combined with quantitative collagen analysis could provide a useful tool for the evaluation of collagen alteration induced by ALA PDT.     

脊柱侧弯142例的肺功能障碍特征及相关因素分析

目的分析脊柱侧弯患者肺功能损害的特点,探讨导致脊柱侧弯患者肺功能障碍的临床因素。方法回顾性分析接受首次矫形术的142例侧弯患者的临床资料及术前肺功能检查情况,确定导致肺功能障碍的临床因素。结果男性患者重度侧弯较多,cobb角较大;随年龄增长,侧弯患者气道阻力呈增加趋势;肺功能异常与患者体质量、cobb角和顶椎位置有关,而与侧弯方向及是否伴有后凸无关。结论随着年龄的增长,肺功能的损害程度不断加重,且存在由单纯限制性通气障碍向伴随阻塞性通气障碍的混合性通气障碍变化;肺功能损害的程度与侧弯的程度正相关;侧弯顶椎位于胸椎者,更倾向于伴随有肺功能障碍。严重肺功能损害的患者,体质量发育受到影响,给围术期的管理带来更大的挑战。