移植肾功能延迟恢复患者尿脱落细胞中穿孔素和粒酶B mRNA定量检测的意义

目的 探讨尿脱落细胞中穿孔素mRNA、粒酶B mRNA检测在移植肾功能延迟恢复(DGF)诊断中的应用价值. 方法 同种异体肾移植DGF患者24例.男15例,女9例.平均年龄37岁.移植肾活检病理分析病因为输尿管梗阻2例、静脉血栓1例、急性环孢素(CsA)中毒3例、急性肾小管坏死(ATN)7例、ATN合并临界改变2例、ATN合并急性排斥反应(AR)3例、AR 6例.移植术后1～14 d留取24例患者73份晨尿标本,应用竞争RT-PCR方法 对患者尿脱落细胞中穿孔素和粒酶B mRNA进行定量检测,应用SPSS13.0软件进行数据分析,mRNA水平用自然对数值表示.结果 24例患者尿脱落细胞中穿孔素和粒酶B mRNA水平在急性CsA中毒、ATN和其他组分别为(-0.76±0.35)、(-0.89±0.30)、(-0.90±0.15)fg/μg和(-0.53±0.22)、(-0.41±0.17)、(-0.73±0.23)fg/μg,组间厕两比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);ATN合并AR组与单纯AR组分别为(1.20±0.39)、(11.13±0.33)fg/μg和(1.07±0.30)、(1.01±0.19)fg/μg,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);ATN合并AR、单纯AR组与急性CsA中毒、ATN和其他组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);2例ATN合并临界改变患者尿中穿孔素和粒酶B mRNA平均值分别为1.22、0.97 fg/μg,与ATN合并AR、单纯AR组相近. 结论 DGF患者尿脱落细胞中穿孔素和粒酶BmRNA水平检测有助于DGF的病因诊断,可作为临界改变是否需要进一步干预性治疗的指标之一.     

关节镜膝关节清理术治疗中重度软骨退变的膝骨关节炎

目的探讨关节镜下膝关节清理术治疗中重度软骨退变的膝骨关节炎的效果. 方法采用关节镜下膝关节清理术联合术后康复训练治疗17例(21膝)中重度软骨退变的膝关节骨关节炎. 结果手术时间55～100 min,平均75 min.无并发症发生.术后住院15～20 d,平均13 d.术中关节被动活动范围0°～120°,术后关节活动度0°～110°.随访5～36个月,平均21个月,良好6例(8膝),尚可9例(11膝),差2例(2膝).关节活动范围0°～120°结论关节镜下膝关节清理术对中重度软骨退变的膝关节骨关节炎有一定的治疗效果.     

应用伤椎置钉治疗胸腰段骨折进展

胸腰段脊柱活动度大,解剖结构又不如下腰椎坚强,决定了该段骨折是常见的创伤性骨折之一,占所有脊柱骨折的30％～60％。Whitesides指出脊柱的稳定指的是能够承受压力而不会发生进行性的畸形及神经损害,根据这个定义所有的胸腰段骨折均为不稳定的。引。因此胸腰段脊柱发生骨折后需通过早期坚强的内固定为其愈合提供条件。     

Protective effects of leflunomide on renal lesions in a rat model if diabetic nephropathy

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common chronic complications of diabetes with poor efficacy of clinical treatment. This study investigated the protective effects of leflunomide, a new immunosuppressant, on tubulointerstitial lesions in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (STZ, 50?mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection in male Wistar rats. Two weeks after STZ injection, diabetic rats were treated daily for 8 weeks with low (5?mg/kg) and high dose (10?mg/kg) of leflunomide, and benazepril hydrochloride (4?mg/kg) as a positive control. In diabetic rats, the 24-h urine volume, urine protein and microalbumin, blood creatinine and urea nitrogen significantly increased, which were attenuated by leflunomide treatment in a dose-dependent manner (all p?相似文献   

Growth factor therapy in patients with partial‐thickness burns: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Growth factor (GF) therapy has shown promise in treating a variety of refractory wounds. However, evidence supporting its routine use in burn injury remains uncertain. We performed this systematic review and meta‐analysis assessing randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate efficacy and safety of GFs in the management of partial‐thickness burns. Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed and the Cochrane databases. Endpoint results analysed included wound healing and scar formation. Thirteen studies comprising a total of 1924 participants with 2130 wounds (1131 GF receiving patients versus 999 controls) were identified and included, evaluating the effect of fibroblast growth factor (FGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) on partial‐thickness burns. Topical application of these agents significantly reduced healing time by 5·02 (95% confidence interval, 2·62 to 7·42), 3·12 (95% CI, 1·11 to 5·13) and 5·1 (95% CI, 4·02 to 6·18) days, respectively, compared with standard wound care alone. In addition, scar improvement following therapy with FGF and EGF was evident in terms of pigmentation, pliability, height and vascularity. No significant increase in adverse events was observed in patients receiving GFs. These results suggested that GF therapy could be an effective and safe add‐on to standard wound care for partial‐thickness burns. High‐quality, adequately powered trials are needed to further confirm the conclusion.     

Transplantation of miRNA‐34a overexpressing adipose‐derived stem cell enhances rat nerve regeneration

Peripheral nerve injury is an ongoing challenge in reconstructive surgery. Adipose‐derived stem cell (ADSC) application is reported to improve nerve regeneration. In the present study, we evaluated the potential benefit of 34a‐ADSCs for never regeneration. Lentiviral vectors containing miRNA‐34a were constructed and ADSCs were transduced. The obtained 34a‐ADSCs were used to regenerate the sciatic nerve in surgically induced sciatic nerve injury rat model. Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups, a 34a‐ADSC group and an Lv‐ADSC group. Functional nerve recovery was assessed by walking track analysis at 12 weeks after surgery. In addition, histology, including light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry, was utilized to investigate the nerve repair effects of 34a‐ADSC. Results showed that reconstruction of the injured sciatic nerve had been significantly enhanced by restoration of nerve continuity and functional recovery in the 34a‐ADSC group compared with the Lv‐ADSC group. Furthermore, sciatic nerve conduction velocity and compound nerve action potential in the 34a‐ADSC group was much higher than that in the Lv‐ADSC group (30.72 ± 2.95 m/s vs. 22.73 ± 1.91 m/s, p< 0.0001; 11.93 ± 0.76 mV vs. 9.52 ± 0.53 mV, p = 0.0418). This study raises the possibility of using miRNA‐34a overexpressed ADSCs as a promising alternative for nerve regeneration.     

Microendoscopic discectomy versus open discectomy for lumbar disc herniation: a meta-analysis

Purpose

To compare the outcomes of microendoscopic discectomy and open discectomy for patients with lumbar disc herniation.

Methods

An extensive search of studies was performed in PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane library and Google Scholar. The following outcome measures were extracted: visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), complication, operation time, blood loss and length of hospital stay. Data analysis was conducted with RevMan 5.0.

Results

Five randomized controlled trials involving 501 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the VAS, ODI or complication between the two groups. However, compared with the open discectomy, the microendoscopic discectomy was associated with less blood loss [WMD = ?151.01 (?288.22, ?13.80), P = 0.03], shorter length of hospital stay [WMD = ?69.33 (?110.39, ?28.28), P = 0.0009], and longer operation time [WMD = 18.80 (7.83, 29.76), P = 0.0008].

Conclusions

Microendoscopic discectomy, which requires a demanding learning curve, may be a safe and effective alternative to conventional open discectomy for patients with lumbar disc herniation.

     

Impact of Delta Hemoglobin on Provider Transfusion Practices and Post-operative Morbidity Among Patients Undergoing Liver and Pancreatic Surgery

Background

Delta hemoglobin (ΔHb) is defined as the difference between the preoperative Hb and the lowest post-operative Hb level. We sought to define the impact of ΔHb relative to nadir Hb levels on the likelihood of transfusion, as well as characterize the impact of ΔHb and nadir Hb on morbidity among a large cohort of patients undergoing complex hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) surgery.

Methods

Patients who underwent pancreatic or hepatic resection between January 1, 2009 and June 30, 2015 at Johns Hopkins Hospital were identified. Data on the perioperative ΔHb, nadir Hb, as well as blood utilization were obtained and analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify the factors associated with ΔHb and the impact of ΔHb on perioperative morbidity. A Bayesian model was used to evaluate the correlation of ΔHb and nadir Hb with the likelihood of transfusion, as well as the impact on morbidity.

Results

A total of 4363 patients who underwent hepatobiliary (n?=?2200, 50.4 %) or pancreatic (n?=?2163, 49.6 %) surgery were identified. More than one quarter of patients received at least one unit of packed red blood cells (PRBC) (n?=?1187, 27.2 %). The median nadir Hb was 9.2 (IQR 7.9–10.5)?g/dL resulting in an average ΔHb of 3.4 mg/dL (IQR 2.2–4.7) corresponding to 26.3 %. Both ΔHb and nadir Hb strongly influenced provider behavior with regards to use of transfusion. Among patients with the same nadir Hb, ΔHb was strongly associated with use of transfusion; among patients who had a nadir Hb ≤6 g/dL, the use of transfusion was only 17.9 % when the ΔHb?=?10 % versus 49.1 and 80.9 % when the ΔHb was 30 or 50 %, respectively. Perioperative complications occurred in 584 patients (13.4 %) and were more common among patients with a higher value of ΔHb, as well as patients who received PRBC (both P?<?0.001).

Conclusions

The combination of the Hb trigger with ΔHb was associated with transfusion practices among providers. Larger ΔHb values, as well as receipt of transfusion, were strongly associated with risk of perioperative complication following HPB surgery.

     

持续质量改进在妇幼保健院感染控制管理中的应用

目的探讨持续质量改进（CQI）在妇幼保健院感染质量管理中的应用效果。 方法本院感染控制管理中引入持续质量改进方法,建立质量改进小组,完善相关标准方案,并在医疗各个环节中贯彻执行。比较实施持续质量改进前后的医院感染控制效果。 结果实施CQI后,患者院内感染知晓率由69.5%上升至90.8%,患者满意度由71.5%上升至98.8%,患者医院感染率由5.5%下降至2.0%,医护人员手卫生合格率由84.0%上升至91.7%,医疗用品消毒合格率由80.4%上升至97.9%,医疗垃圾处理合格率由82.3%上升至99.4%,与实施CQI前比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P均< 0.05）。 结论引入CQI方法有效提高了感染控制质量,得到了各级管理部门、医务工作人员和患者的一致认可。     

留置输尿管支架管合并发热性尿路感染男性患者的临床特点与肾脏形态研究

目的探讨留置输尿管支架管合并发热性尿路感染男性患者的临床特点与肾脏形态变化。 方法选取郑州市第六人民医院泌尿外科2012年4月至2015年4月采用留置输尿管支架管治疗且合并热性尿路感染的50例男性患者（观察组）以及同期采用留置导尿管合并尿路感染的50例男性患者（对照组）作为研究对象,对两组患者的血尿常规、病原菌分布及肾脏形态特点并进行比较。 结果与对照组相比,观察组患者血白细胞计数显著增高,且肾脏炎症病变患者人数显著增加;观察组50例尿细菌培养阳性患者共检出病原菌61株,其中革兰阴性菌47株,革兰阳性菌14株;对照组48例尿细菌培养阳性患者共检出病原菌72株,其中革兰阴性菌41株,革兰阳性菌31株。观察组革兰阴性菌比例显著高于对照组（χ² = 5.358、P = 0.012）。两组患者术前均未发现肾脏炎症病变;术后观察组50例患者均表现为肾脏炎症病变,而对照组仅2例患者表现为肾脏炎症病变,观察组患者肾脏炎症病变比例显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（χ² = 12.625,P = 0.001）。 结论留置输尿管支架管合并发热性尿路感染男性患者临床多表现为血白细胞显著升高,病原菌感染以革兰阴性菌为主,且多伴有肾实质炎症病变。