全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2551篇 |
免费 | 219篇 |
国内免费 | 14篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 19篇 |
儿科学 | 76篇 |
妇产科学 | 63篇 |
基础医学 | 384篇 |
口腔科学 | 42篇 |
临床医学 | 332篇 |
内科学 | 445篇 |
皮肤病学 | 28篇 |
神经病学 | 309篇 |
特种医学 | 69篇 |
外科学 | 279篇 |
综合类 | 8篇 |
一般理论 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 251篇 |
眼科学 | 44篇 |
药学 | 184篇 |
中国医学 | 5篇 |
肿瘤学 | 244篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 5篇 |
2023年 | 38篇 |
2022年 | 32篇 |
2021年 | 60篇 |
2020年 | 73篇 |
2019年 | 87篇 |
2018年 | 85篇 |
2017年 | 73篇 |
2016年 | 88篇 |
2015年 | 74篇 |
2014年 | 114篇 |
2013年 | 154篇 |
2012年 | 177篇 |
2011年 | 176篇 |
2010年 | 98篇 |
2009年 | 86篇 |
2008年 | 155篇 |
2007年 | 152篇 |
2006年 | 151篇 |
2005年 | 114篇 |
2004年 | 123篇 |
2003年 | 108篇 |
2002年 | 104篇 |
2001年 | 27篇 |
2000年 | 22篇 |
1999年 | 27篇 |
1998年 | 13篇 |
1997年 | 27篇 |
1996年 | 14篇 |
1995年 | 17篇 |
1994年 | 13篇 |
1993年 | 14篇 |
1992年 | 25篇 |
1991年 | 21篇 |
1990年 | 16篇 |
1989年 | 21篇 |
1988年 | 15篇 |
1987年 | 16篇 |
1986年 | 15篇 |
1985年 | 17篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1979年 | 16篇 |
1978年 | 19篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1963年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有2784条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
51.
Victoria J. Valerón Bergh Hanne Hjorth Tønnesen 《Pharmaceutical development and technology》2017,22(8):992-1000
Lumichrome (Lc) is a photodegradation product of riboflavin that can be used as a photosensitizer (PS) in antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). The binding of Lc with plasma proteins such as human serum albumin (HSA) could affect its efficiency as PS. Excipients are necessary to prepare stable formulations to be used in aPDT and they may affect the PS-HSA binding. Hydroxypropyl (HP)-α, β, γ-cyclodextrin (CD), polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) and Pluronic® F-127 (PF127) were selected as model excipients in this study. The intrinsic HSA fluorescence quenching and absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to evaluate the Lc-HSA interaction in the absence and presence of excipients. Nano-differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to determine the effect of excipients on HSA. The photostability of the samples was also evaluated. The combined results showed a modest interaction between Lc and HSA which was reduced mainly by HPβCD. No major alterations of the HSA nano-DSC thermogram were observed after addition of excipients. HSA did enhance Lc photodegradation. The presence of PF127 did also induce photochemical destabilization of Lc independent of HSA. In conclusion, HPαCD, HPγCD and PEG400 seemed to be the excipients more suitable for use in topical preparations containing Lc. 相似文献
52.
53.
Hanne Hedin 《Acta orthopaedica》2013,84(3):231-240
Femoral fractures represent about 2% of all fractures in childhood. Children with femoral fractures always need to be admitted to hospital and the use of resources is much higher than for other childhood fractures. During the past decade, there has been a trend towards surgical treatment of these fractures, one advantage being the shorter time required in hospital. Two common surgical treatment options are external fixation (EF) and elastic stable intramedullary nails (ESIN). Both methods have their advantages and disadvantages, and neither of them solves all of the problems. Used in a complementary manner, they are safe and reliable for the treatment of femoral fractures in children, and they give good long-term results and few serious complications. 相似文献
54.
Tara L. Packham Diana Fok Karen Frederiksen Lehana Thabane Norman Buckley 《Journal of hand therapy》2012,25(4):358-362
Study DesignClinical measurement study.IntroductionSkin temperature asymmetries (STAs) are used in the diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), but little evidence exists for reliability of the equipment and methods.PurposeThis study examined the reliability of an inexpensive infrared (IR) thermometer and measurement points in the hand for the study of STA.MethodsST was measured three times at five points on both hands with an IR thermometer by two raters in 20 volunteers (12 normals and 8 CRPS).ResultsST measurement results using IR thermometers support inter-rater reliability: intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) estimate for single measures 0.80; all ST measurement points were also highly reliable (ICC single measures, 0.83–0.91).ConclusionsThe equipment demonstrated excellent reliability, with little difference in the reliability of the five measurement sites. These preliminary findings support their use in future CRPS research.Level of EvidenceNot applicable. 相似文献
55.
Severe hypoglycaemia in 1076 adult patients with type 1 diabetes: influence of risk markers and selection 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pedersen-Bjergaard U Pramming S Heller SR Wallace TM Rasmussen AK Jørgensen HV Matthews DR Hougaard P Thorsteinsson B 《Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews》2004,20(6):479-486
BACKGROUND: Differences between studies in rates of severe hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetic cohorts are common and poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of severe hypoglycaemia in unselected patients treated in different secondary care centres and to evaluate the influence of risk markers, clinical setting and selection. METHODS: Cross-sectional Danish-British multicentre survey of 1076 consecutive adult patients with clinical type 1 diabetes who completed a detailed questionnaire on hypoglycaemia and related issues. Key variable was the self-reported rate of severe hypoglycaemia during the preceding year. RESULTS: The overall rate of severe hypoglycaemia in the preceding year was 1.3 episodes/patient-year and episodes were reported by 36.7% of subjects. The distribution was highly skewed with 5% of subjects accounting for 54% of all episodes. There were no significant differences between countries or centres. Reduced hypoglycaemia awareness, peripheral neuropathy and smoking were the only significant risk markers of severe hypoglycaemia in a stepwise multivariate analysis. In a subgroup selected to be similar to the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) cohort, the rate of severe hypoglycaemia was 0.35 episodes/patient-year and only retinopathy was a significant risk marker together with state of awareness. CONCLUSION: Severe hypoglycaemia remains a significant clinical problem in type 1 diabetes. The rate of severe hypoglycaemia and the influence of risk markers are very sensitive to selection and differences in rates between centres or studies seem to disappear after correction for differences in clinical characteristics. Smoking is a novel overall risk marker of severe hypoglycaemia. 相似文献
56.
Hanne D. Heerkens Lisanne van Berkel Dorine S.J. Tseng Evelyn M. Monninkhof Hjalmar C. van Santvoort Jeroen Hagendoorn Inne H.M. Borel Rinkes Irene M. Lips Martijn Intven I. Quintus Molenaar 《HPB : the official journal of the International Hepato Pancreato Biliary Association》2018,20(2):188-195
Background
Surgery for pancreatic cancer yields significant morbidity and mortality risks and survival is limited. Therefore, the influence of complications on quality of life (QoL) after pancreatic surgery is important. This study compares QoL in patients with and without severe complications after surgery for pancreatic (pre-)malignancy.Methods
This prospective cohort study scored complications after pancreatic surgery according to the Clavien–Dindo system and the definitions of the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery. QoL was measured by the RAND36 questionnaire, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer core questionnaire (QLQ-C30) and the pancreas specific QLQ-PAN26. QoL in patients with severe complications was compared with QoL in patients with no or mild complications over a period of 12 months. Analysis was performed with linear mixed models for repeated measurements.Results
Between March 2012 and July 2016, 137 patients were included. Sixty-eight patients (50%) had at least 1 severe complication. There were no statistically significant and clinically relevant differences between both groups in QoL up to 12 months after surgery.Conclusion
In this study, no differences in QoL between patients with and without severe postoperative complications were encountered during the first 12 months after surgery for pancreatic (pre-)malignancy.57.
A three‐dimensional point process model for the spatial distribution of disease occurrence in relation to an exposure source 下载免费PDF全文
Kathrine Grell Peter J. Diggle Kirsten Frederiksen Joachim Schüz Elisabeth Cardis Per K. Andersen 《Statistics in medicine》2015,34(23):3170-3180
We study methods for how to include the spatial distribution of tumours when investigating the relation between brain tumours and the exposure from radio frequency electromagnetic fields caused by mobile phone use. Our suggested point process model is adapted from studies investigating spatial aggregation of a disease around a source of potential hazard in environmental epidemiology, where now the source is the preferred ear of each phone user. In this context, the spatial distribution is a distribution over a sample of patients rather than over multiple disease cases within one geographical area. We show how the distance relation between tumour and phone can be modelled nonparametrically and, with various parametric functions, how covariates can be included in the model and how to test for the effect of distance. To illustrate the models, we apply them to a subset of the data from the Interphone Study, a large multinational case‐control study on the association between brain tumours and mobile phone use. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
58.
59.
Katrine Grimstrup Joensen Susanne Schjrring Mette Rrbk Gantzhorn Camilla Thougaard Vester Hans Linde Nielsen Jrgen Harald Engberg Hanne Marie Holt Steen Ethelberg Luise Müller Gudrun Sand Eva Mller Nielsen 《Euro surveillance : bulletin européen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin》2021,26(22)
Background Campylobacter is one of the most frequent causes of bacterial gastroenteritis. Campylobacter outbreaks are rarely reported, which could be a reflection of a surveillance without routine molecular typing. We have previously shown that numerous small outbreak-like clusters can be detected when whole genome sequencing (WGS) data of clinical Campylobacter isolates was applied.AimTyping-based surveillance of Campylobacter infections was initiated in 2019 to enable detection of large clusters of clinical isolates and to match them to concurrent retail chicken isolates in order to react on ongoing outbreaks.MethodsWe performed WGS continuously on isolates from cases (n = 701) and chicken meat (n = 164) throughout 2019. Core genome multilocus sequence typing was used to detect clusters of clinical isolates and match them to isolates from chicken meat.ResultsSeventy-two clusters were detected, 58 small clusters (2–4 cases) and 14 large clusters (5–91 cases). One third of the clinical isolates matched isolates from chicken meat. One large cluster persisted throughout the whole year and represented 12% of all studied Campylobacter cases. This cluster type was detected in several chicken samples and was traced back to one slaughterhouse, where interventions were implemented to control the outbreak.ConclusionOur WGS-based surveillance has contributed to an improved understanding of the dynamics of the occurrence of Campylobacter strains in chicken meat and the correlation to clusters of human cases. 相似文献
60.
Kari Hanne Gjeilo Alexander Wahba P?l Klepstad Stian Lydersen Roar Stenseth 《European journal of cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation》2008,15(4):448-452
BACKGROUND: To assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients after cardiac surgery with emphasis on sex differences. DESIGN AND METHODS: Between September 2004 and September 2005, 534 patients (413 males and 121 females) were consecutively included. HRQOL was measured by the short-form 36 (SF-36) before surgery with follow-up 6 and 12 months after surgery. RESULTS: Five hundred and twenty-one patients were alive after 12 months, 462 (89%) and 465 (89.4%) responded after 6 and 12 months, respectively. Female patients had less favorable scores than male patients on most subscales of the SF-36 both before and after surgery. Both male and female patients improved substantially after surgery, but female patients reported significantly less improvement on two of eight subscales of the SF-36; role emotional and bodily pain. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates that there are sex differences concerning HRQOL both before and after cardiac surgery. A clear overall improvement in HRQOL over the first year after cardiac surgery, more specifically during the first 6 months for both sexes was found. 相似文献