东莨菪碱对大鼠下丘脑室旁核精氨酸升压素的影响

目的 观察东莨菪碱对大鼠下丘脑室核精氨酸升压素的影响。方法 以不同浓度Ｓｃｏｐ推挽灌流大鼠下丘脑室旁核 结果 扣留出液中精氨酸升压素含量随推挽时间延长而增多。结论Ｓｃｏｐ可促进ＰＶＮ释放内源性ＡＶＰ，这对了解Ｓｃｏｐ抗休克的机理有重大的意义。     

关胆囊结石的CT定量诊断

目的 评价第三代CT定量诊断胆囊结石的准确率及敏感性.方法 120例胆囊结石的病人在使用第三代CT检查后7天内施行胆囊切除手术,术后剖开胆囊,进行结石计数和最大结石的最大径线测量.结果 120例胆囊结石患者,其中87例有确切结石计数和测量结果（72.5%）;33例CT检查未发现胆囊结石（27.5%）.CT图像中显示的胆囊结石的数目：均数±标准差＝3±15个;范围为2～82个与手术发现的数目：均数±标准差＝68±316个;范围为2～1326个,两者比较具有显著性差异（P＜0.001）.CT图像发现的胆囊内最大结石的最大径线值：均数±标准差＝1.08±1.06cm,范围为0～2.4cm;与手术测量值均数±标准=1.68±0.14cm范围为0.67～3.1cm,两者比较有显著性差异（P＜0.001）.结论 用第三代CT进行胆囊结石的定量诊断不够准确,敏感性也有不足.     

Effect of (+/-)-, (+)- and (-)-gossypol on the lactate dehydrogenase-X activity of rat testis

The effect of (+/-)-, (+)- and (-)-gossypol on testicular lactate dehydrogenase-X (LDH-X) was studied in vitro and in vivo. It was found that racemic gossypol and the two optical enantiomers had similar inhibitory effects on rat testicular LDH-X in vitro. However, neither racemic gossypol nor the enantiomers exhibited an inhibitory effect on testicular LDH-X in vivo. It is concluded that inhibition of testicular LDH-X is not likely to be the mechanism of the antifertility action of gossypol. The inhibition of testicular LDH-X in vitro by all three preparations of gossypol is probably non-specific.     

Synthesis of a new hydroxyethylene dipeptide isostere Phe ψ[CH2CH(OH)]Phe as HIV-1 protease inhibitor

A new type of pseudodipeptide isostere exampled by Phe ψ[CH2CH(OH)]Phe was synthesized from phenylalanine. The H]V protease inhibitory activity (IC50) of Noa-His-Pheψ[CH2CH(OH)]Phe-Ile-Amp was 0. 8 pmol·L-1.     

多问病人一个问题改进全科医疗中抑郁症的诊断

在全科医疗诊断抑郁症时，在原有2个问题的筛查问卷基础上再增加一个问题（病人是否要求立即帮助解决抑郁症状），可增加筛查的特异性。Arroll及其同事报告了一个横向交叉诊断可靠性研究结果。该研究包括了新西兰6个诊所中19个全科医生和1000名以上连续病人。采用两个筛查问题再加一个问题的方法，全科医生正确诊断抑郁症率达到79％，对没有抑郁症者的正确评估率为94％。     

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) gene expression in the human brain: A post mortem in situ hybridization study with special reference to Parkinson's disease

Summary Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a potent neurotrophic factor for dopaminergic neurons. Since dopaminergic neurons degenerate in Parkinson's disease, this factor is a potential therapeutical tool that may save dopaminergic neurons during the pathological process. Moreover, a reduced GDNF expression may be involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. In this study, we tested whether altered GDNF production may participate in the mechanism of cell death in this disease. GDNF gene expression was analyzed by in situ hybridization using riboprobes corresponding to a sequence of the exon 2 human GDNF gene. Experiments were performed on tissue sections of the mesencephalon and the striatum from 8 patients with Parkinson's disease and 6 control subjects matched for age at death and for post mortem delay. No labelling was observed in either group of patients. This absence of detectable expression could not be attributed to methodological problems as a positive staining was observed using the same probes for sections of astroglioma biopsies from human adults and for sections of a newborn infant brain obtained at post-mortem. These data suggest that GDNF is probably expressed at a very low level in the adult human brain and its involvement in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease remains to be demonstrated. GDNF may represent a powerful new therapeutic agent for Parkinson's disease, however.     

Molecular evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype A in Senegal: 1988-1997

OBJECTIVE: Few studies have been able to track the genetic diversity of HIV-1 viruses in human populations over time. We analyzed the molecular evolution of subtype A over a 10-year period, in a cohort of female sex workers with a known time of infection. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: We amplified and sequenced the C2-V3 region of the surface envelope glycoprotein from 73 HIV-1-infected women, infected between 1987-1997. RESULTS: Fifty-one patients were infected by subtype A viruses. The viruses demonstrated significant diversification (p < 0.001) with mean genetic distance increasing from 8.6% in 1989 to 15.9% in 1997. The slope of the fitted curve suggested a rate of diversification of 0.7% per year. The majority of subtype A viruses clustered with HIV-1 subtype A/G recombinant form (IbNG). CONCLUSION: The genetic diversity of HIV-1 subtype A infections doubled over the first 10 years of this high risk population's epidemic, suggesting that implementation of vaccines early in the epidemic may have a higher likelihood of success based on levels of genetic diversity. The A/G recombinant form (IbNG) has taken epidemic proportions in West Africa. This is of particular importance in understanding the epidemiology of HIV-1 subtypes in Africa and to further dissect the potential phenotypic and biological characteristics of these viruses.     

Organisation anatomique et physiologique des activités motrices de la moelle épinière

Résumé La moelle épinière utilise deux grandes modalités fonctionnelles: l'activité réflexe et l'activité programmée.L'activité réflexe constitute la modalité la plus anciennement connue, elle englobe de nombreux arcs réflexes imprégnés de finalités fort diverses. Ainsi le réflexe myotatique, arc monosynaptique le plus simple, maintient et protège le tonus musculaire; les réflexes à point de départ cutané, polysynaptiques, impliquant des réseaux interneuronaux, extériorisent des réponses motrices de défense et de protection indiquant déjà une compétence plus intégrative.L'activité programmée médullaire est supportée par des circuits neuronaux assez solidement fixés. Cette organisation fonctionnelle produit des séquences motrices correctement agencées dans l'espace et dans le temps (locomotion, miction, défécation, réflexes sexuels).Aces deux modalités basales viennent se superposer les influences supra-spinales à capacité exécutoire. Ces signaux, canalisés vers la voie finale commune, agissent, dans une faible part, directement sur les motoneurones spinaux et, en effet, dans une très large mesure, ils utilisent les circuits interneuronaux et modulent ou déclenchent réflexes et programmes médullaires engendrant ainsi une activité cinétique cohérente.