Rearrangement of the beta chain of the T cell antigen receptor and immunoglobulin genes in lymphoproliferative disorders.

55 samples representing Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and other hyperplastic lesions of the lymph node were examined for rearrangement of the beta chain of the T cell antigen receptor (TcR) and Ig genes. In non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, rearrangement of TcR beta was found in all 14 T cell lymphomas and in two of the seven B cell lymphomas. Ig gene rearrangement was found in none of the 14 T cell lymphomas and in all seven B cell lymphomas. We also examined DNA from lymph nodes in which the lineage of the malignant cell is not clear. Rearrangement of TcR beta was found in all five lymphoepitheloid cell (Lennert's) lymphomas; four of eight Hodgkin's lymphomas; seven of ten Ki 1+ lymphomas; and all nine cases of angioimmunoblastic lymphoadenopathy (AIL). Ig gene rearrangement was found in none of five lymphoepitheloid cell lymphomas; none of eight Hodgkin's lymphomas; three of ten Ki 1+ lymphomas; and four of nine cases of AIL. These findings indicate that genetic studies of TcR and Ig genes are useful in identifying the presence of a clonal population in a lymph node, in determining the extent of the clonal population, and aid in identifying lineage. Of special interest was the finding that some cases of Hodgkin's lymphoma and AIL contain clonal rearrangement of the TcR genes, which suggests that in those cases the malignant cells may be of T cell origin.     

Papillary adenocarcinoma of the vocal cord--first case in the literature

The first case of a papillary adenocarcinoma of the vocal cord is presented. The patient was a 63-year-old man: he was treated by a frontolateral hemilaryngectomy. The patient is alive and well with no evidence of disease 5 1/2 years later.     

Epithelialization of a synthetic polymer in the feline cornea: a preliminary study

PURPOSE: This study examined the potential of a synthetic polymer to support stable epithelial growth when implanted in the feline cornea. METHODS: A perfluoropolyether-based polymer was cast into lenticules that were coated with collagen I and implanted in four feline corneas. Epithelial growth onto the lenticules was monitored clinically for 6 weeks, after which time the animals were killed, and three corneas were evaluated histologically. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify proteins associated with the formation of a basement membrane (laminin) and adhesion complexes (bullous pemphigoid antigen and collagen VII). Electron microscopy was used to examine the tissue-polymer interface for evidence of the assembly of these adhesive structures. RESULTS: Postoperative epithelial growth began on days 2 to 3, and lenticules were fully epithelialized by days 5 to 9. Lenticules were clinically well tolerated and histology showed epithelium consisting of multiple layers adherent to the lenticule's surface. Laminin, bullous pemphigoid antigen and collagen VII were identified at the tissue-polymer interface using immunohistochemistry. Ultrastructural examination showed evidence of assembly of these proteins into a recognizable basement membrane and hemidesmosomal plaques. CONCLUSIONS: A perfluoropolyether-based polymer coated with collagen I was implanted in the feline cornea and supported epithelial growth that showed signs of persistent adhesion, both clinically and histologically. This polymer shows potential for ophthalmic applications that require sustained epithelialization.     

Immunohistochemical evidence of myosin in peripheral nerves and spinal cord of the rat.

Myosin was localized in peripheral nerves and in the spinal cord of the rat using specific antibodies against highly purified smooth muscle myosin from chicken gizzard by means of an indirect immunofluorescence microscopical approach.A strong myosin immunoreactivity was found in the axoplasm of sciatic nerve axons as well as in axons of spinal cord ventral and dorsal roots. Nerve fibres in the white and grey matter of the spinal cord exhibited considerably lower fluorescence intensities. Positive results were also obtained with Schwann cells and astrocytes in the sciatic nerve and spinal cord, respectively. The specificity of antibody localization was established in sections treated with various control sera.     

Germinal center derived malignant lymphoma in cystadenolymphoma

Summary Two cases of malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma arising in an yAlbrecht-Arzt-tumour are reported. In the first case a centroblastic-centrocytic lymphoma in a palatinal cystadenolymphoma of a 64-year-old female is described. In the other case a centroblastic lymphoma developed in an Albrecht-Arzt-tumor of the submandibular region in an 82-year-old man. The occurence of a high-grade malignant lymphoma in cystadenolymphoma has not been reported in the literature so far.     

Clonal gene rearrangement patterns correlate with immunophenotype and clinical parameters in patients with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy.

T cell receptor beta (TcR beta) chain gene rearrangements have been reported in cases of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD) and provided evidence for the presence of clonal T cell proliferations in this disorder. Twenty-three cases of AILD and two cases of hyperimmune reaction (HR) were investigated. In the two HR cases, essentially the same histologic pattern was present as in AILD but lymph node follicles were hyperplastic. Both HR cases showed germline configuration for the TcR and immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) genes. All other patients diagnosed with AILD had clonal rearrangements for TcR gamma and beta chain genes. In addition, seven out of these cases had clonally rearranged their IgH genes. These two different rearrangement patterns (TcR with or without Ig gene rearrangement) correlated to immunohistochemical and clinical data. Cases with TcR but without Ig gene rearrangements (group I) exclusively showed CD4+ proliferating T cells, whereas those cases with TcR and Ig gene rearrangements had significantly elevated numbers of CD8+ proliferating cells (group II). Group II patients significantly more often presented with hemolytic anemia and went into transient remission spontaneously or under steroid treatment. Group I patients, however, had a higher response to chemotherapy and a longer survival time. These data show that, based on different rearrangement patterns, it is possible to divide AILD into two different groups with distinct immunophenotypic properties and differences in clinical parameters. Immunogenotyping in AILD thus will have prognostic and therapeutic implications.     

Sequence and organization of the human T cell delta chain gene

A novel human T cell receptor (TcR) gene, located 85 kbp upstream to the C alpha coding regions, was isolated using human genomic clones to identify cDNA homologous to messages encoded by this region. The deduced protein sequence of this gene is highly homologous to that of the newly identified constant region found in the murine TcR alpha chain locus. This gene undergoes rearrangements and is expressed at the RNA level in human thymocytes, peripheral T cells and several leukemic T cell lines which have been shown to express the surface gamma-delta heterodimer, suggesting that this gene encodes the human T cell delta chain.     

Antimicrobial activity of some Australian plant species from the genus Eremophila

Plant species of the genus Eremophila (Myoporaceae) are native to Australia and are known to produce a diverse range of unusual secondary compounds. The purpose of this research was to examine the antimicrobial activity of 72 Eremophila species most of which had not been the subject of any previous pharmacological testing. Organic extracts of Eremophila species were screened for antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts of medical importance. Extracts of a number of Eremophila species showed selective activity against Gram-positive bacteria with MICs for the most active species in the range of 16 to 62 microg/ml for Streptococcus species, and 62 to 250 microg/ml for standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Extracts with the greatest activity against standard strains were tested against 68 clinical isolates of multi-resistant methicillin-resistant S. aureus (mMRSA). The majority of the clinical isolates were susceptible to concentrations below 62.5 microg/ml for the extracts of E. drummondii, E. linearis, E. serrulata, E. acrida, E. neglecta, E. virens and a new undescribed species affiliated with E. prolata. The extract of E. virens inhibited growth of all 68 clinical mMRSA isolates at the minimum tested concentration of 31 microg/ml. This study has shown for the first time that a number of different Eremophila species manifest selective antibacterial activity against Gram-positive organisms which are important causes of human disease. It shows that there are several Eremophila species possessing interesting antibacterial activity besides those that have published traditional use. These may yield novel antibacterial compounds with potential to be used in biomedical applications.