雌性大鼠骨矿密度和骨矿含量与体重和月龄的相关性分析

目的 :观察大鼠全身骨矿密度 (BMD)和骨矿含量 (BMC)与体重 (BW )和月龄 (MO)的关系。方法 :利用DEXA人前臂骨密度软件测定 4、8和 2 0月龄雌性SD大鼠全身BMD、BMC和骨投影面积 (AREA )。在SPSSforWindows统计软件上进行BMD、BMC和AREA对BW的一元直线回归 ,和对BW、MO的二元直线回归 ,并作偏相关分析等。结果 :BMD、BMC和AREA与BW及MO的二元直线回归方程 :BMD =0 .179 0 .0 0 0 196BW (克 ) -0 .0 0 0 680MO(月 ) g/cm2 ,复相关系数r =0 .711;BMC =3 .472 0 .0 13 7BW -0 .0 0 912MOg ,r =0 .92 5 ;AREA =2 2 .66 0 .0 3 0 2BW -0 .13 9MOcm2 ,r =0 .92 2。偏相关分析表明BMD与BW中度正相关 (R =0 .63 4) ,与MO弱负相关 (R =-0 .2 5 8) ;BMC与BW高度正相关 (R =0 .82 5 ) ,与MO无明显相关性 (R =0 .0 91) ;AREA与BW高度正相关 (R =0 .73 9) ,与MO弱正相关 (R =0 .42 7)。结论 :大鼠体重对BMD和BMC均有明显影响 ,月龄只对BMD有轻度影响 ,对BMC无明显影响。     

加味参芪地黄汤含药血清对人系膜细胞分泌细胞因子的影响

目的：探讨加味参芪地黄汤含药血清对人系膜细胞分泌炎性介质的作用。方法：应用血清药理学方法，观察不同浓度加味参芪地黄汤含药血清对体外培养的人肾小球系膜细胞分泌IL－1β及IL－6水平的影响。结果：三种浓度含药血清均能在一定程度上对抗LPS诱导的IL－1β及IL－6蛋白质产量的增加，且这种对抗作用呈现出一定的剂量依赖性。结论：加味参芪地黄汤血清能干预活化的人肾小球系膜细胞分泌细胞因子，具有免疫调节作用。     

糖肾通宝饮对早期糖尿病肾病及血液流变学改善作用的临床观察

目的：观察比较中药糖肾通宝饮与单纯西药治疗对早期糖尿病肾病（DN）及血液流变学的改善作用，方法：64例DN早期患者随机分为治疗组与对照组各32例，分别给予糖肾通宝饮和糖适平，卡托普利治疗4周，观察2组患者治疗前后24小时尿糖（GLU），24小时尿蛋白排除率（UAE），空腹血糖（FBG），血肌酐（Cr)，血尿素氮（BUN）和血液流变学的变化。结果：2组治疗前后GLU，UAE，Cr,BUN及部分血液流就学参数明显改善（P＜0．05－0．01）），治疗组与对照组比较，P＜0．05，结论：糖肾通宝饮对早期糖尿病及血液流变学的改善作用优于单纯西药治疗。     

Remembering and knowing in a patient with preserved recognition and impaired recall

ROB is a patient who has a severe deficit in recalling recently presented verbal material following rupture and repair of an anterior communicating artery aneurysm [Hanley JR, Davies ADM, Downes J, Mayes A. Cognitive Neuropsychology 1994;11:543-78; Hanley JR, Davies ADM. In: Parkin A, editor. Case Studies in the Neuropsychology of Memory. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1997. p. 111-26]. Despite this, her performance on tests of recognition memory is comfortably within the normal range. In the present series of experiments, we investigated whether or not ROB's performance on tests of recognition memory might be associated with a disproportionately large number of correct decisions made on the basis of familiarity rather than contextual retrieval [e.g. Mandler G. Psychological Review 1980;87:252-71]. Contrary to this hypothesis, the results showed that ROB made a high proportion of remember decisions relative to know decisions in recognition [cf. Gardiner JM. Memory & Cognition 1988;16:309-13] and produced a high recollection score when conscious recollection and familiarity were placed in opposition to one another [cf. Jacoby LL, Woloshyn V, Kelley C. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 1989;118:115-25.]. ROB's recognition memory performance therefore appears to be qualitatively as well as quantitatively similar to that found in the normal population. As ROB has suffered damage to both the fornix and the anterior thalamus, the results of the present study are consistent with the claim that damage to the extended hippocampal system has a much more severe effect on recall than on recognition [Aggleton JP, Shaw C. Neuropsychologia 1996;34:51-62; Aggleton JP, Saunders RC. Memory 1997;5:49-71]. The present results provide no support, however, for the additional suggestion [Aggleton JP, Brown MW. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1999;22:425-56.] that the extended hippocampal system is necessary for recognition memory decisions that are based on contextual retrieval.     

Blockade of AMPA receptors and volatile anesthetics: reduced anesthetic requirements in GluR2 null mutant mice for loss of the righting reflex and antinociception but not minimum alveolar concentration

BACKGROUND: The alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) subtype of glutamate receptor mediates fast excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system. Many general anesthetics inhibit AMPA receptors in vitro; however, it is not certain if this inhibition contributes to the behavioral properties of these drugs. AMPA receptors lacking the GluR2 subunit are resistant to blockade by barbiturates in vitro. Paradoxically, GluR2 null mutant (-/-) mice are more sensitive to barbiturate-induced loss of the righting reflex (LORR) compared with wild-type (+/+) littermates. To determine if interactions between anesthetics and AMPA receptors account for the increased sensitivity of (-/-) mice, the effects of volatile anesthetics that do not directly inhibit AMPA receptors were examined. METHODS: Isoflurane, halothane, desflurane, or sevoflurane were administered to (-/-) and (+/+) littermate controls. Anesthetic requirements for LORR, movement to tail clamp (minimum alveolar concentration [MAC]), and hind-paw withdrawal latency (HPWL) were determined. Electrophysiologic methods examined the inhibition of AMPA receptors by isoflurane and halothane. RESULTS: Anesthetic requirements for LORR and HPWL were decreased, whereas MAC values were unchanged in (-/-) mice. Isoflurane and halothane caused minimal inhibition of AMPA receptors at clinically relevant concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Direct blockade of AMPA receptors did not account for the increased sensitivity to volatile anesthetics in GluR2 null mutant mice for HPWL or LORR. Thus, the deficiency of GluR2-containing AMPA receptors increases the sensitivity of neuronal circuitry mediating these end points, but not MAC. GluR2-containing receptors do not contribute appreciably to MAC in this mouse model. These results illustrate the difficulties in attributing behavioral responses to drug-receptor interactions in genetically engineered animals.     

Effects of Mitofusin-2 Gene on Cell Proliferation and Chemotherapy Sensitivity of MCF-7

In order to evaluate the effect of mitofusin-2 gene （mfn2） on proliferation and chemotherapy sensitivity of human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 in vitro, pEGFPmfn2 plasmid carrying full length of mitofusin-2 gene was transfected, by using sofast, into MCF-7 cells. Mitofusin-2 gene expression in MCF-7 cells transfected by sofast after 48 h was detected by PCR and Western blotting, and the stable expression of GFP protein in MCF-7 cells by Western blot analysis. The proliferation of MCF-7 cells was assayed by MTT and cell counting. By using PI method, the effects of mfn2 on the cell cycle distribution of MCF-7 were measured. Annexin-Ⅴ/PI double labeling method was employed to detect the changes in apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutics before and after transfection. The results showed that the MCF-7 cells transfected with mfn2 gene could stably and highly express GFP protein. MTT assay revealed that after transfection of mfn2 cDNA, the proliferation of MCF-7 cells was significantly inhibited. DNA histogram showed that cells arrested in S phase, and the percentage of S phase cells was 42.7, 17.2 and 19.6 in mfn2 cDNA transfection group, blank plasmid transfection group and blank control group, respectively （P〈0.05）. The apoptosis ratio of the cells transfected with mfn2 gene was increased from 3.56% to 15.95%, that of the cells treated with camptothecin （CAMP） followed by mfn2 gene transfection was 69.6%, and that in blank plasmid transfection group and blank control group was 31.0% and 23.4% respectively （P〈0.05）. It was suggested that transfection of mfn2 gene could significantly inhibit the proliferation of MCF-7 cells and promote their sensitivity to CAMP with a synergic effect.     

Phosphorothioate oligonucleotide inhibits tissue factor expression in endothelial cells induced by blood flow shear stress in rats

Objective： To determine the effect of antiparallel phosphorothioate triplex-forming oligonucleotide （apsTFO）, which was designed according to shear stress response element （SSRE） in tissue factor （TF） gene promoter region, on the expression of endothelial TF in carotid artery stenosis rats. Methods： Rat model of severe carotid artery stenosis were inflicted by silica gel tube ligation. Half an hour before the model infliction, GT20-apsTFO, GT20-psTFO and GT21-apsTFO labeled with green fluorescence （FITC） were injected into the vena caudalis of rat at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg. Half an hour, 4 or 9 h after the ligation, the distribution of TFO in the common carotid artery, the liver and the kidney was detected with aid of fluorescence microscopy. And the mRNA and protein expressions of TF, Egr-1 and Spl in the above-mentioned organs were determined with in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical assay respectively in 6 h after the model establishment, and the results were analyzed with an image analysis system. Results： Only in 1 h after TFO injection, fluorescent granules appeared in the liver, the kidney and the vascular wall and lumen of carotid artery, and then in 4.5 h, they still deposited in above sites except the vascular lumen. GT20-apsTFO and GT21-apsTFO significant down-regulated the mRNA and protein expressions of TF compared to the rats without treatment （P〈0.05）, and the former apsTFO had a more stronger effect than the later （P〈0.05）. GT20-psTFO had no such effect （P〉0.05）. The 3 TFOs had no inhibition on the mRNA and protein expressions of Egr-1 and Spl. Conclusion： Pretreated apsTFO can partly come into the vascular endothelial cells, and inhibit TF expression induced by shear stress, but had no effect on Egr-1 and Spl gene expressions.     

高血压患者的静息心率与早期颈动脉硬化的相关性研究

目的 探讨老年高血压病患者静息心率(resting heart rate,RHR)与早期颈动脉硬化的关系.方法 入选老年高血压病患者200例,按收缩压(SBP)水平分为三组:SBP<160mmHg,SBP 160～180mmHg,SBP>180mmHg.在以上每一组中,又按RHR水平分为:RHR1组<65次/min;RHR2组65～69次/min;RHR3组70～74次/min;RHR4组75～79次/min;RHR5组≥80次/min.对入选患者做超声检查颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度(intimal medial thickness,IMT)、颈总动脉分叉处内径(CAD).并测空度血糖,血脂.结果 RHR5组或RHR4组的颈动脉内膜厚度和颈动脉内径大于RHR1和RHR2组.结论 RHR的增加是老年高血压病患者颈动脉硬化的重要危险因素.     

Plastic Changes of Synapses and Excitatory Neurotransmitter Receptors in Facial Nucleus Following Facial-facial Anastomosis

The remodeling process of synapses and neurotransmitter receptors of facial nucleus were observed. Models were set up by facial-facial anastomosis in rat. At post-surgery day （PSD） 0,7,21and 60, synaptophysin （p38）, NMDA receptor subunit 2A and AMPA receptor subunit 2 （GluR2） were observed by immunohistochemical method and semi-quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. Mean-while, the synaptic structure of the facial motorneurons was observed under a transmission electron microscope （TEM）. The intensity of p38 immunoreactivity was decreased, reaching the lowest value at PSD day 7, and then increased slightly at PSD 21. Ultrastructurally, the number of synapses in nucleus of the operational side decreased, which was consistent with the change in P38 immunoreactivity. NMDAR2A mRNA was down-regulated significantly in facial nucleus after the operation （P〈0.05）, whereas AMPAR2 mRNA levels remained unchanged （P〉0.05）. The synapses innervation and the expression of NMDAR2A and AMPAR2 mRNA in facial nucleus might be modified to suit for the new motor tasks following facial-facial anastomosis, and influenced facial nerve regeneration and recovery.