大鼠原生殖细胞的形态学及分化特性

目的 研究大鼠胚胎原生殖细胞（Primordial germ cells, PGCs）的形态及其分化特性。方法 取受精后10.5 d的大鼠胚胎作HE染色,取受精后11.0~12.5 d的大鼠胚胎生殖嵴进行PGCs原代培养,光、电镜观察PGCs及其分化细胞的微细结构,碱性磷酸酶 (ALP) 染色检测细胞的分化程度。结果 大鼠PGCs位于卵黄囊内胚层深部的间充质内,体积大,呈椭圆形或不规则形;核大,染色质细密,含1~2个核仁。体外培养可见PGCs大而圆,散在分布,或聚集成团,胞质中含有椭圆形的线粒体和丰富的核糖体,ALP反应呈阳性;培养4~5 d,PGCs形态不规则,有伪足,ALP反应减弱,进一步分化可形成神经元样细胞、表皮细胞、心肌细胞、分泌细胞以及类似血管、心脏的管腔样结构等。由PGCs分化来的细胞ALP反应均呈阴性。结论 大鼠生殖嵴来源的PGCs是一种具有发育全能的、可分化形成3个胚层衍生物的胚胎多能干细胞。     

Comparison of electrocautery versus holmium laser energy source for transurethral ureterocele incision: an outcome analysis from a tertiary care institute

Lasers in Medical Science - Transurethral endoscopic incision is an established treatment option for management of obstructing ureterocele. It can be performed using monopolar electrocautery or...     

Covid-19 Pandemic: Resumption of Orthopedic Care and Medical Education

Covid-19 is a respiratory disease caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first identified in Wuhan, China (December 2019). The disease rapidly crossed the barrier of countries, continents and spread globally. Non-pharmaceutical measures such as social distancing, face mask, frequent hand washing and use of sanitizer remained the best available option to prevent the spread of disease. OPD, IPD admissions, elective O. Ts were curtailed. Orthopedic care was only limited to emergency and semi-urgent procedures like necrotizing fasciitis, open fracture, and compartment syndrome. These measures were taken to preserve infrastructure and manpower to manage covid-19 pandemic. The children were thought to have a low susceptibility to covid-19 as compared to an adult. Deferring the patient during pandemic has led to high orthopedic disease burden, morbidity and disease-related sequelae, hence elective care must be resumed with modified hospital infrastructure. Resumption of elective/emergent orthopedic care should be slow, phasic and strategic, much similar to unlocking. Cases must be stratified depending on covid status and severity. Dedicated O.Ts with neutral/negative pressure and HEPA filter for covid positive and suspected patients are to be used. All symptomatic and suspected patients should be investigated for covid-19 by RT-PCR, blood counts and CT scan. Regional anaesthesia should be preferred to General anaesthesia. Power drill/saw/burr/pulse lavage should be minimized to avoid aerosol generation. Postoperatively continuous surveillance and monitoring to be done for covid related symptoms. Medical institutes rapidly shifted to the online mode of education. Blended learning (virtual & physical) and imparting skills have to be continued in post covid phase with equitable distribution of teaching hours to students of different years.     

The changing face of reoperative parathyroidectomy: a single-centre comparison of 147 parathyroid reoperations

IntroductionReoperative parathyroidectomy for persistent and recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism is dependent on radiology. This study aimed to compare outcomes in reoperative parathyroidectomy at a single centre using a combination of traditional and newer imaging studies.Materials and methodsRetrospective case note review of all reoperative parathyroidectomies for persistent and recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism over five years (June 2014 to June 2019; group A). Imaging modalities used and their positive predictive value, complications and cure rates were compared with a published dataset spanning the preceding nine years (group B).ResultsFrom over 2000 parathyroidectomies, 147 were reoperations (101 in group A and 46 in group B). Age and sex ratios were similar (56 vs 62 years; 77% vs 72% female). Ultrasound use remains high and shows better positive predictive value (76% vs 57 %). 99mTc-sestamibi use has declined (79% vs 91%) but the positive predictive value has improved (74% vs 53%). 4DCT use has almost doubled (61% vs 37%) with better positive predictive value (88% vs 75%). 18F-fluorocholine positron emission tomography-computed tomography and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration for parathyroid hormone are novel modalities only available for group A. Both carried a positive predictive value of 100%. Venous sampling with or without angiography use has decreased (35% vs 39%) but maintains a high positive predictive value (86% vs 91%). Cure rates were similar (96% vs 100%). Group A had 5% permanent hypoparathyroidism, 1% permanent vocal cord palsy and 1% haematoma requiring reoperation. No complications for group B.ConclusionOptimal imaging is key to good cure rates in reoperative parathyroidectomy. High-quality, non-interventional imaging techniques have produced a shift in the preoperative algorithm without compromising outcomes.     

MAKO机器人辅助单髁置换手术的护理配合

机器人技术在微创领域的作用越来越突出,而高质量护理工作的配合可以保障机器人手术的安全、有效进行,且有利于患者术后稳定情绪和更好的恢复.为提升护理工作者对MAKO机器人辅助单髁置换手术的全面认识,优化护理工作的模式和流程,提高手术效率并改善患者术后恢复效果,本文在现有的相关文献资料基础上,结合北京大学人民医院11例行机器人单髁置换手术的实际工作体会,用理论联系实际,对术中的护理配合工作进行系统地分析.本团队认为,在机器人辅助单髁置换手术中,护理工作应在传统经验积累的基础上,进一步提高护理配合熟练程度.随着科技的进步,MAKO机器人辅助单髁置换手术的医护模式也将进一步的智能化和数字化.     

In vitro susceptibility of mycelial and yeast forms of Penicillium marneffei to amphotericin B,fluconazole, 5-fluorocytosine and itraconazole

The mycelial (25°C) and yeast-like (37°C) forms of Penicillium marneffei clinical and type strains were investigated for their in vitro susceptibility to amphotericin B (AmB), 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), fluconazole (FLU) and itraconazole (ITZ), using Bacto antibiotic medium 3, yeast-nitrogen, Sabouraud's dextrose (pH 5.7) and high resolution (pH 7.1) broth media (1ml/tube), respectively. Results indicated that the minimal inhibitory and minimal fungicidal concentrations (MICs and MFCs) for the mycelial cultures of P. marneffei to AmB were in the range 0.78–1.56 and 0.78–3.125 g/ml, respectively, as against 3.125–25 g (MICs) for the yeast form cultures. The MFCs to AmB for the yeast form were one dilution higher. The MICs to FLU were generally lower for the yeast form (6.25–25 g) than the mycelial form (25–50 g/ml), whereas MFCs for the mycelial cultures were > 100 g as compared to 6.25–100 g for their yeast form. The MICs for the mycelial form to 5-FC ranged from < 0.195–0.39 g. Higher MICs (6.25 g) were recorded for their yeast form. The MFCs to 5-FC for the yeast form were 25–100 g/ml. The MICs for the mycelial form to ITZ ranged from < 0.195 to 3.125 g/ml. Higher values (< 0.195–50 g) were recorded for their yeast-like form. The MFCs to ITZ for mycelial and yeast forms ranged from < 0.195–0.39 and 25–100 g/ml, respectively. Results indicate that P. marnefei's yeast form is more sensitive to FLU and ITZ (8 of 10 strains) while the mycelial form displayed greater susceptibility to AmB and 5-FC. The MICs for ITZ remained steady in SD medium, pH 5.7 to 7.1. However, some strains gave higher MIC values (0.39–1.56 g/ml) when tested in the HR.     

功能性消化不良患者胃排空功能与症状分型的关系

目的　通过 99m Tc植酸钠固体餐检测胃排空 ,了解功能性消化不良 (functional dyspepsia,FD)患者各临床亚型胃运动的情况 .方法　 99m Tc植酸钠标记固体餐 ,对 30例 FD患者 (其中溃疡样型 10例 ,动力障碍型 10例 ,非特异型 10例 )及 10名健康对照者进行了核素检测分析 .结果　运动障碍样型及非特异型 FD患者胃半排空时间延迟 (87± 2 8min,89± 2 6 min vs6 1± 9min,P<0 .0 5 ) ,2 h胃排空率明显减少(6 3.0± 11.5 % ,5 7.7± 15 .5 % vs87.0± 10 .3% ,P<0 .0 1) ,而溃疡样型 FD与正常人比无差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) .结论　胃排空延迟在运动障碍样型及非特异型 FD病因中占重要地位 ,FD三个临床亚型之间发病机制既相同又略有不同 ;FD患者中有症状与胃排空之间存在不一致现象 ,所以核素胃排空检查在 FD胃运动功能的判定及指导治疗上有重要意义 .     

脐血造血干细胞移植对肿瘤化疗病人骨髓功能的影响

1目的　探讨脐血造血干细胞移植对因化疗所致骨髓功能抑制的恶性肿瘤病人骨髓造血功能重建的临床意义。 2方法　从健康人脐血中纯化制备造血干细胞 ,每例病人每天静脉输注 2× 10 9个造血干细胞 ,连续5 d.以治疗前后自身对照进行疗效评价。 3结果　治疗前白细胞计数为 (2 .78± 1.72 )× 10 9/ L,治疗后第 7天为(4.5 5± 1.0 1)× 10 9/ L,两组比较有显著性差异 (F=18.5 0 ,q=6 .95 ,P<0 .0 1) ;治疗前血红蛋白含量为 (12 1.5 6±11.2 7) g/ L,治疗后第 14天为 (130 .72± 12 .5 8) g/ L,治疗前后比较差异有极显著意义 (F=14.0 2 ,q=4.90 ,P<0 .0 1) ,且治疗后第 2 1天比治疗后第 7天增高 (F=14.0 2 ,q=6 .2 6 ,P<0 .0 1) ;治疗前血小板计数为 (192 .38±18.2 1)× 10 9/ L,治疗后第 2 1天为 (2 0 1.5 7± 17.86 )× 10 9/ L,治疗前后比较差异有极显著意义 (F=9.0 1,q=3.99,P<0 .0 1)。 4结论　脐血造血干细胞移植对于重建或改善骨髓造血功能有一定疗效。提升白细胞速度较血红蛋白及血小板为快。     

大肠癌术前血清CEA、CRP联合检测的临床价值

目的 探讨大肠癌术前血清ＣＥＡ、ＣＲＰ联合检测的临床价值。方法 对２９７例大肠癌患者测定其ＣＥＡ、ＣＲＰ,从病理分期、癌肿部位和手术方式方面进行研讨。结果 联合检测的总阳性率为９０．５７％,明显高于单项检测者：两项阳性者与手术方式有密切关系：右半结肠癌与左半结肠癌直肠癌的ＣＲＰ阳性率和均值相比,差异明显。结论 术前血清ＣＥＡ、ＣＲＰ联合检测具有显著的互补性和临床实用价值。     

Juvenile dermatomyositis associated with autoantibodies to small ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme: a report of 4 cases from North India and a review of literature

Immunologic Research - Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is the commonest inflammatory myositis in children. The clinical phenotype is often characterized by the presence of myositis-specific...