探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的肺功能分析

目的：研究临床上阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)治疗前后的肺功能特征。方法选取呼吸科、耳鼻喉专科门诊、住院部疑诊为OSAHS的患者66例进行肺功能检测并以Epworth嗜睡评分量表（ESS评分）≥9分进行初筛诊断,对于ESS评分＜9分,进行多导睡眠图监测后,58例确诊为OSAHS患者。将确诊并接受治疗的OSAHS患者30例作为实验组,因各种原因暂未接受治疗的OSAHS患者28例作为对照组,两组患者均在治疗前及半年后检测肺功能。探讨两组患者治疗前及半年后的肺功能指标变化情况。结果两组患者肺功能都存在一定程度的下降,实验组肺通气功能(用力肺活量、第1秒用力呼气量、1秒率、最大分钟通气量)、弥散功能指标（一氧化碳弥散量）有改善,但差异无统计学意义,对照组肺通气功能指标稍有降低,弥散功能指标差异无统计学意义。脉冲振荡技术（Impulse Oscillometry , IOS）测气道阻力（气道总阻力、中心气道阻力、上气道阻力、周围弹性阻力、响应频率）,两组患者在治疗前均明显增高,半年后对照组患者气道阻力仍无明显改善,而实验组患者半年后气道阻力各指标明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论对于临床上有嗜睡、头昏乏力、夜间打鼾、心慌憋闷等症状且肺功能检测以气道阻力增高为主的患者结合ESS评分及多导睡眠图监测有助于OSAHS的初步筛查及早期诊断;对OSAHS患者治疗效果及预后的评价应以IOS检测为主。     

我院2016年碳青霉烯类抗生素使用强度与革兰阴性杆菌耐药率相关性分析

摘 要 目的：了解我院碳青霉烯类抗生素使用强度与临床常见革兰阴性杆菌对其耐药率的相关性,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法：统计2016年我院住院患者碳青霉烯类抗生素的使用情况,计算使用强度,并与同时期耐碳青霉烯类革兰阴性杆菌的检出率进行相关性分析。结果：2016年碳青霉烯类抗生素的使用强度为336.173,耐碳青霉烯类革兰阴性杆菌的检出率为10.22%,使用强度与检出率之间呈正相关(P=0.032)。结论：碳青霉烯类抗生素的使用量与耐碳青霉烯类革兰阴性杆菌的检出率之间存在相关性,应关注抗菌药的合理使用,减少耐药菌的产生。     

一测多评法测定藏药小米辣中3种辣椒碱的含量

目的：建立藏药小米辣中3种辣椒碱类化学成分含量测定的一测多评法,探讨一测多评法在民族药质量控制中的应用。方法：采用超高压液相色谱法,使用Waters ACQUITY BEH C18（2.1 mm×100mm,1.7 μm）色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-水（50︰50）,流速：0.2 mL·min^-1,柱温30℃,检测波长280 nm,进样量1 μL。以辣椒素为内参物,分别建立二氢辣椒素、降二氢辣椒素相对于辣椒素的相对校正因子,分别采用外标法和一测多评法测定3种辣椒碱的含量,并通过相对标准偏差（RSD）和Pearson系数比较二者结果的相对误差。结果：降二氢辣椒素、辣椒素、二氢辣椒素进样量分别在2.21~22.1 ng、8.96~89.6 ng、3.75~37.5 ng范围内线性关系良好;降二氢辣椒素和二氢辣椒素相对于辣椒素的相对校正因子分别为0.970和1.159;且在不同实验条件下重现性良好（RSD < 3.0%）;一测多评法的计算结果与外标法测得结果无显著差异。10批不同产地小米辣样品中降二氢辣椒素、辣椒素和二氢辣椒素的含量范围分别为0.0281%~0.0534%、0.258%~0.389%和0.115%~0.209%。结论：建立的一测多评法可作为小米辣中3种辣椒碱类化学成分的含量测定方法,一测多评法为民族药质量控制提供了一个新的模式与方法。     

90例无牙颌患者的临床调查分析

目的 研究无牙颌患者牙槽嵴的条件。方法 对我院普通门诊中收集的90例(男47例、女43例)无牙颌患者的临床资料进行分析。结果 90例患者中50岁以下牙槽嵴条件高：中：低=l：l：0;51-60岁牙槽嵴条件高：中：低=l：1．2：0．2;61-70岁牙槽嵴条件高：中：低=l：3.4：0．8;7l-80岁牙槽嵴条件高：中：低=l：2．3：09;8l-90岁牙槽嵴条件高：中：低=l：1．3：0．3．上下牙槽嵴条件均差者均为牙周病病人。统计分析结果表明无牙颌患者性别之间无显著性差异,但不同年龄段之间有显著性差异,以6l-70岁年龄段就诊的无牙颌患者最多,其次为7l-80岁。牙槽嵴条件之间也有显著性差异,以牙槽嵴条件中等者最多,其次为牙槽嵴条件较好者。此外。上下颌牙槽嵴条件有显著性差异,下颌牙槽嵴条件明显差于上颌;性别与牙槽嵴条件无显著性差异：不同年龄段患者牙槽嵴条件无显著性差异。结论 要求修复的无牙颌患者的年龄主要集中在60-70岁年龄段,其中牙槽嵴条件中等者占大多数,牙槽嵴条件下颌明显差于上颌。随着年龄的增长。牙槽嵴条件逐步变差。     

超声结合BRAFV600E基因突变检测在桥本甲状腺炎合并甲状腺结节鉴别中的应用价值

目的 采用超声、BRAFV600E基因突变检测桥本甲状腺炎合并甲状腺结节,探讨两者联合检测对桥本甲状腺炎合并甲状腺结节良恶性的诊断价值。方法 选取2017年9月—2019年10月在惠州市中心人民医院就诊的桥本甲状腺炎合并甲状腺结节患者329例为研究对象,根据病理确诊甲状腺结节良恶性分为恶性组（177例）和良性组（152例）。采用超声、BRAFV600E基因突变检测桥本甲状腺炎合并甲状腺结节情况,并分析超声、BRAFV600E基因突变及两者联合检测对桥本甲状腺炎合并甲状腺结节良恶性的诊断价值。结果 金标准、超声、BRAFV600E基因突变诊断甲状腺炎合并甲状腺结节恶性分别为177例、167例、163例,良性分别为152例、162例、166例。超声、BRAFV600E基因突变、两者联合检测桥本甲状腺炎合并甲状腺结节恶性的敏感性分别为72.31%、65.54%和85.31%,特异性分别为74.34%、69.08%和71.71%,准确度分别为73.25%、67.17%和79.03%。与超声比较,两者联合诊断敏感性较高（P <0.0125）,BRAFV600E基因突变诊断准确度较低（P <0.0125）;与BRAFV600E基因突变比较,两者联合诊断敏感性、准确度较高（P <0.0125）。结论 超声、BRAFV600E基因突变均对桥本甲状腺炎合并甲状腺结节良恶性具有一定诊断价值,单两者联合优于单独诊断。     

A special type of endovascular stent repair with complicated thoracic aneurysm and chronic type B dissection aligned in tandem: double perfusion in true and false distal aorta lumen

Aortic dissection and aortic aneurysm are two of the most common catastrophic events involving the aorta. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair is now considered as a promising alternative to open surgical graft replacement. The aim of endovascular repair of a thoracic aneurysm is to exclude, and thus depressurize, the aneurismal wall and the aim of the endovascular repair of type B aortic dissection is to obliterate all of the false lumen through thrombosis after sealing the primary entry tears, thus to ensure the true lumen perfusion. But in some special pathologies, such as when the aneurysm and chronic type B dissection are aligned in tandem, or when a visceral branch originates from the false lumen, how should the endovascular repair strategy proceed in this situation？ For the endovascular stent repair of some special chronic type B aortic dissection, the false lumen cannot be obliterated, and the true and false lumens in the dissected but with a normal diameter distal aorta need to be perfused at the same time, as practiced in the surgery treatment. In this report, we present a case of endovascular stent repair for a special thoracic aneurysm and chronic type B aortic dissection aligned in tandem.     

Expressions of voltage-gated K+ channel 2.1 and 2.2 in rat bladder with detrusor hyperreflexia

Background Voltage-gated K^＋ channel （Kv） plays a critical role in the modulation of detrusor contraction. This study was conducted to investigate the expressions of Kv2.1 and Kv2.2 in rat bladder with detrusor hyperreflexia （DH）. Methods Thirty adult female Sprague-Dawley rats （200-220 g） were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group. The experimental group was subjected to spinal cord injury （SCI）. In the controls, the surgical procedure was identical with the exception that dura and spinal cord were transected. Four weeks after SCI, in vivo cystometry and mechanical pulling tests of isolated detrusor strips were performed, mRNA was extracted from the detrusors of normal and DH rats for the detection of expression of Kv2.1 and Kv2.2 by RT-PCR. Differences in expression between normal and overactive detrusors were identified by gel imaging. Results Fourteen rats in the experimental group exhibited uninhibited bladder contraction （〉8 cmH20） before voiding after SCI. One rat died from infection. The frequency of DH in the experimental group was significantly different from that in the control group with or without treatment with 4-aminopyridine （4-AP） （P 〈0.05）, while the amplitude of DH did not change markedly. The rates of variation of the automatic contractile frequency and amplitude were （66.8±12.4）% and （42.6±12.6）% respectively in the control group, and （38.4±9.8）% and （28.0±4.6）% respectively in the DH group. 4-AP increased the automatic contractile frequency apart from the automatic contractile amplitude in both the control and DH groups （P 〈0.05）. 4-AP increased the rate of variation of the automatic contractile frequency more markedly in the control group than in the DH group （P 〈0.05）. Significant expression of Kv2.2 was not detected in bladders in the control group. Compared to the mRNA levels of 13-actin, the mRNA level of Kv2.1 was 1.26±K）.12 in the control group and 0.66±0.08 in the DH group. SCI signific     

Risk factors related to hospital mortality in patients with isolated traumatic acute subdural haematoma: analysis of 308 patients undergone surgery

Background Acute subdural haematoma （ASDH） is a common traumatic brain injury with a relatively high mortality rate. However, few studies have examined the factors predicting the outcome of isolated traumatic ASDH. This clinical study examined the hospital mortality and analyzed the risk factors for mortality in patients treated surgically for isolated traumatic ASDH.
Methods We collected 308 consecutive patients who underwent neurosurgery for isolated traumatic ASDH between January 1999 and December 2007 and used multivariate Logistic regression analysis to evaluate the influence of 11 clinical variables on hospital mortality.
Results The overall hospital mortality was 21.75% （67/308）. Age （OR=1.807）, preoperative Glasgow Coma Score （OR=0.316）, brain herniation （OR=2.181） and the time from trauma to decompression （OR=1.815） were independent predictors of death, while no independent association was observed between hospital mortality and haematoma volume, midline shift, acute brain swelling or brain herniation duration, although these variables were correlated with hospital mortality in univariate analyses.
Conclusions This study identified the risk factors for hospital mortality in patients who underwent surgical treatment for isolated traumatic ASDH. An increased risk of death occurs in patients who are over 50 years of age and have lower preoperative Glasgow Coma Scores, the presence of brain herniation and a long interval between trauma and decompression. The findings should help clinicians determine management criteria and improve survival.