首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   76篇
  免费   8篇
儿科学   3篇
基础医学   9篇
口腔科学   2篇
临床医学   17篇
内科学   12篇
皮肤病学   2篇
神经病学   3篇
特种医学   1篇
外科学   2篇
综合类   1篇
预防医学   7篇
药学   8篇
中国医学   1篇
肿瘤学   16篇
  2022年   1篇
  2019年   2篇
  2018年   3篇
  2017年   1篇
  2016年   1篇
  2015年   2篇
  2014年   3篇
  2013年   4篇
  2012年   2篇
  2011年   1篇
  2010年   6篇
  2009年   4篇
  2008年   4篇
  2007年   10篇
  2006年   4篇
  2005年   6篇
  2004年   5篇
  2003年   9篇
  2002年   7篇
  1997年   1篇
  1995年   1篇
  1990年   2篇
  1989年   1篇
  1985年   1篇
  1984年   1篇
  1978年   1篇
  1977年   1篇
排序方式: 共有84条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
72.
PURPOSE: The primary goal was to identify the maximum tolerable dose (MTD) of thoracic radiation therapy (TRT) that can be given with chemotherapy and amifostine for patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LSCLC). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Treatment began with two cycles of topotecan (1 mg/m(2)) Days 1 to 5 and paclitaxel (175 mg/m(2)) Day 5 (every 3 weeks) given before and after TRT. The TRT began at 6 weeks. The TRT was given in 120 cGy fractions b.i.d. and the dose escalation (from 4,800 cGy, dose level 1, to 6,600 cGy, dose level 4) followed the standard "cohorts of 3" design. The etoposide (E) (50 mg/day) and cisplatin (C) (3 mg/m(2)) were given i.v. before the morning TRT and amifostine (500 mg/day) was given before the afternoon RT. This was followed by prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI). The dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were defined as Grade > or =4 hematologic, febrile neutropenia, esophagitis, or other nonhematologic toxicity, Grade > or =3 dyspnea, or Grade > or =2 pneumonitis. RESULTS: Fifteen patients were evaluable for the Phase I portion of the trial. No DLTs were seen at dose levels 1 and 2. Two patients on dose level 4 experienced DLTs: 1 patient had a Grade 4 pneumonitis, dyspnea, fatigue, hypokalemia, and anorexia, and 1 patient had a Grade 5 hypoxia attributable to TRT. One of 6 patients on dose level 3 had a DLT, Grade 3 esophagitis. The Grade > or =3 toxicities seen in at least 10% of patients during TRT were esophagitis (53%), leukopenia (33%), dehydration (20%), neutropenia (13%), and fatigue (13%). The median survival was 14.5 months. CONCLUSION: The MTD of b.i.d. TRT was 6000 cGy (120 cGy b.i.d.) with EP and amifostine.  相似文献   
73.
Background:  Toxocariasis occurs in humans due to infection with Toxocara canis or T. cati, the nematode parasites of dogs and cats, respectively. The relationship between toxocariasis and asthma is complex, with some studies demonstrating that children with asthma were more likely to be Toxocara seropositive as compared to non-asthmatic children, and other studies indicating no such significant relationship. The aim of the present study was to investigate Toxocara seropositivity and its association with asthma in a selected group of Sri Lankan children.
Methods:  Two groups of children were studied: group 1 included 100 children with confirmed bronchial asthma who were on regular inhaler steroid treatment for asthma; group 2 included 96 children who did not have physician-diagnosed asthma or upper respiratory tract infections, attending the same hospital. Diagnosis of Toxocara seropositivity was based on IgG Toxocara Microwell Serum Elisa Kits. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was regarded as positive for a reading of 0.3 optical density units. Stool samples were examined for helminth ova.
Results:  Toxocara seropositivity in children with asthma was 29% and this was significantly more than Toxocara seropositivity among non-asthmatic children ( P  < 0.001). Toxocara seropositivity was identified as a significant risk factor of asthma in a univariate model. Eosinophilia was seen in a significantly higher proportion of non-asthmatic and asthmatic children who were Toxocara seropositive. Toxocara seropositivity, however, was not identified as a significant risk factor in a multivariate model.
Conclusions:  The analysis confirmed previously identified risk factors for asthma but there was no association between the helminth parasitic infection, toxocariasis and bronchial asthma in children.  相似文献   
74.
This multinational study from Asia revealed that reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MIC, 0.125 to 1 μg/ml) in nontyphoid Salmonella isolates was common in Taiwan (48.1%) and Thailand (46.2%) and in S. enterica serotype Choleraesuis (68.8%) and S. Virchow (75.0%) from all countries. Reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone (MIC, 2 to 8 μg/ml) remained uncommon in Asia, except in Taiwan (38.0%) or in S. Typhimurium (25.0%) from all countries.Nontyphoid Salmonella bacteria, with more than 2,500 serotypes, usually cause diarrheal diseases in humans that may be complicated by extraintestinal infections, such as bacteremia, meningitis, and osteomyelitis (11). Resistance to antimicrobial agents, including fluoroquinolones and expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, has been a serious problem worldwide. Nontyphoid salmonellosis has been rampant in Asia (7); however, data on the antimicrobial susceptibilities, as well as the prevalence, of various serotypes in many Asian countries after 2000 have been lacking.During 2003 to 2005, 400 clinical isolates of nontyphoid Salmonella bacteria were randomly collected from 11 medical centers in seven Asian countries (Table (Table1)1) and transported to the central laboratory in Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, for serogrouping and serotyping using O and H antisera, respectively (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI). Susceptibilities to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, ceftriaxone, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were determined by a broth microdilution method, and the results were interpreted according to the breakpoints for MICs suggested by the NCCLS (10). For statistical analysis, isolates in the “intermediate” category were deemed “resistant” in this study. Concomitant resistance to at least three of the six antibiotics tested was defined as multidrug resistance (MDR). Isolates with ciprofloxacin MICs of 0.125 to 1 μg/ml were defined as having “reduced susceptibility” to ciprofloxacin (9). Similarly, “reduced susceptibility” to ceftriaxone was defined as isolates showing ceftriaxone MICs of 2 to 8 μg/ml (14). These definitions were proposed in previous reports to reflect the clinical therapeutic responses (9, 14). The χ2 test and Student''s t test were used to determine the significance of differences, and a P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

TABLE 1.

Serotype distribution of the 400 nontyphoid Salmonella isolates among the countries
SerotypeNo. (%) of isolates from:
PhilippinesHong KongSingaporeSri LankaKoreaThailandTaiwanTotal
Enteritidis4 (8.5)10 (35.7)24 (49.0)1 (4.0)22 (42.3)5 (5.5)17 (15.7)83 (20.8)
Typhimurium9 (19.2)6 (21.4)4 (8.2)3 (12.0)5 (9.6)1 (1.1)28 (25.9)57 (14.3)
Weltevreden24 (51.1)6 (12.2)1 (4.0)9 (9.9)1 (0.9)41 (10.3)
Stanley1 (2.1)1 (2.0)1 (4.0)13 (14.3)1 (0.9)17 (4.3)
Choleraesuis2 (4.3)1 (1.1)13 (12.0)16 (4.0)
London1 (2.1)9 (17.3)1 (0.9)11 (2.8)
Agona4 (16.0)4 (4.4)3 (2.8)11 (2.8)
Rissen1 (3.6)2 (3.9)6 (6.6)9 (2.3)
Anatum7 (7.7)1 (0.9)8 (2.0)
Panama6 (6.6)2 (1.9)8 (2.0)
Virchow1 (3.6)1 (2.0)1 (1.1)5 (4.6)8 (2.0)
Derby1 (2.13)3 (10.7)2 (2.2)2 (1.9)8 (2.0)
Hadar1 (2.0)4 (4.4)5 (1.3)
Newport2 (8.0)3 (3.3)5 (1.3)
Others5 (10.6)7 (25.0)12 (24.5)13 (52.0)14 (26.9)29 (31.9)34 (31.5)114 (28.5)
Total472849255291108400
Open in a separate windowA total of nine serogroups (B, C1, C2, D, E, G, I, K, and M) and 82 serotypes were identified among the isolates tested. Serogroups B (34.8%) and D (25.0%) were the two leading serogroups in all areas except Philippines, where serogroup E (25 isolates, 53.2%) was most prevalent. The distribution of major serotypes among the countries is shown in Table Table1.1. Overall, S. enterica serotype Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium were the two most-prevalent serotypes except in Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, where S. Weltevreden was either the most- or second-most-prevalent serotype. In Sri Lanka and Thailand, the most-prevalent serotypes were S. Agona and S. Stanley, respectively. S. Choleraesuis was relatively more prevalent in Taiwan than in other countries.Resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent was found in 227 (56.8%) isolates, including 93 (65.9%) serogroup B, 54 (54.0%) serogroup D, 35 (71.4%) serogroup C1, 23 (65.7%) serogroup C2, and 20 (28.6%) serogroup E isolates. The resistance to ceftriaxone (3.0%) and ciprofloxacin (4.5%) was much lower than that to the four traditional antibiotics (chloramphenicol, 27.7%; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 29.0%; ampicillin, 34.5%; and tetracycline, 45.7%). When isolates from different countries were compared (Fig. (Fig.1A),1A), resistance to the four traditional antibiotics was relatively higher in isolates from Taiwan or Thailand, while isolates from Korea demonstrated significantly higher ciprofloxacin resistance (13.5% versus 3.2%, P < 0.005). Similar situations were found when the MIC50s, MIC90s, and geometric MICs of the six antibiotics were compared among isolates from the seven countries (Table (Table22).Open in a separate windowFIG. 1.Comparison of resistance to ceftriaxone (CRO), ciprofloxacin (CIP), chloramphenicol (CHL), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT), ampicillin (AMP), and tetracycline (TET) and reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone (CRO-RS) and ciprofloxacin (CIP-RS) of the 400 nontyphoid Salmonella isolates from the seven Asian countries (A) and 11 major serotypes (B). MDR, multidrug resistance to at least three of the six antibiotics.

TABLE 2.

MIC50s, MIC90s, and geometric MICs of various drugs for the 400 nontyphoid Salmonella isolates among the countries
CountryMIC50/MIC90/geometric MIC (μg/ml)a
CROCIPCHLSXTAMPTET
Philippines≤0.12/0.25/0.19≤0.06/0.5/0.084/>128/5.870.5/>4/0.610.5/>128/1.362/>64/1.70
Hong Kong≤0.12/0.25/0.13≤0.06/1/0.088/8/6.56≤0.12/>4/0.262/>128/2.632/>64/2.38
Singapore≤0.12/≤0.12/0.18≤0.06/0.25/0.104/8/5.700.5/>4/0.511/>128/2.692/>64/3.42
Sri Lanka≤0.12/0.25/0.16≤0.06/≤0.06/0.078/8/6.231/>4/1.361/>128/4.232/>64/1.89
Korea≤0.12/0.25/0130.12/4/0.188/>128/9.510.25/1/0.332/>128/4.572/>64/3.84
Thailand≤0.12/≤0.12/0.160.12/1/0.174/>128/9.041/>4/1.641/>128/7.41>64/>64/16.49
Taiwan0.25/4/0.570.12/1/0.18>128/>128/31.801/>4/0.962/>128/9.10>64/>64/16.63
Open in a separate windowaCRO, ceftriaxone; CIP, ciprofloxacin; CHL, chloroamphenicol; SXT, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; AMP, ampicillin; TET, tetracycline.MDR was found in 124 (31.0%) isolates, including 63 (58.3%) from Taiwan, 38 (41.8%) from Thailand, and less than 10 in the other five countries (Fig. (Fig.1A).1A). All MDR isolates, except two from Singapore, were also resistant to tetracycline. MDR was more frequent among serogroup B (48.9%) and C1 (46.9%) isolates than those in serogroups C2 (22.9%), D (11.0%), or E (17.1%) (all P values were <0.005). MDR was also relatively more prevalent in isolates of serotypes S. Panama (87.5%), S. Virchow (87.5%), S. Choleraesuis (75.0%), S. Anatum (75.0%), S. Typhimurium (57.1%), S. Agona (54.5%), and S. Stanley (41.2%) (Fig. (Fig.1B).1B). Concomitant resistance to the four traditional antibiotics was found in 52 (13.0%) isolates and was the most-common MDR pattern found among the isolates. Thirty-eight (75%) of the 52 isolates also showed resistance or reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. The majority of such isolates were from Taiwan (n = 23), followed by Thailand (n = 21) and Philippines (n = 5).The rates of reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin were high in isolates from Taiwan (48.1%), Thailand (46.2%), and Korea (36.5%) and were relatively lower in isolates from Singapore (24.5%), Philippines (14.9%), Hong Kong (7.1%), and Sri Lanka (8.0%) (Fig. (Fig.1A).1A). Reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was more common in isolates from serogroups C1 (29 isolates, 59.2%) and C2 (20 isolates, 57.1%) and serotypes S. Choleraesuis (11 isolates, 68.8%) and S. Virchow (6 isolates, 75.0%) (Fig. (Fig.1B).1B). In contrast, higher rates of reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone were only found in isolates from Taiwan (38.0%). Reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone was more prevalent in isolates from serogroups B (27 isolates, 19.4%) and C1 (8 isolates, 16.3%) and serotypes S. Typhimurium (14 isolates, 25.0%) and S. Panama (2 isolates, 25.0%) (Fig. (Fig.1B1B).Among isolates from the seven Asian countries, isolates from Taiwan appeared to demonstrate the highest antimicrobial resistance, similar to the situation reported in 1998 to 2002 from Taiwan (9). It is worrisome to find that reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones increased from 27.9% during that period (9) to 34.3% in the present study. Ceftriaxone resistance also increased significantly, from 0.8% in 1999 to 1.5% in 2003 (11) and further, to 10.8%, in this study. The high rate (38.0%) of reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone demonstrated in the present study also adds to the complexity of the problem. In Thailand, the rates of antimicrobial resistance were almost as high as those in Taiwan. All these results serve as an alarming message to medical and public health professionals in both countries.In comparison to a previous report from Korea, although the resistance to tetracycline and ampicillin was decreased in the present study, significant increases were found in the resistance to ciprofloxacin (from 0% to 13.5%), chloramphenicol (from 5.5% to 21.2%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (from 0% to 1.9%) (3). The incidence of nalidixic acid resistance, an indicator for reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, also increased from the previous 19.4% to 36.5% in this study (3).S. Enteritidis, accounting for 65% of all Salmonella isolates globally (7), was the most-common serotype in most areas of the world except North America (2, 7) and was so in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Korea in the present study. S. Typhimurium was the leading serotype in North America (7), followed by S. Enteritidis, as also in Taiwan. S. Choleraesuis and S. Virchow, the third- and fourth-most-common serotypes in Taiwan, demonstrated the highest rates of reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (68.8% and 75%, respectively), as well as high rates of MDR (75% and 85.5%, respectively). We previously reported a sudden upsurge of ciprofloxacin resistance, to 69%, in S. Choleraesuis in Taiwan (4, 5). Although the rate was lower (30.1%) in this study, reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was still found in 61.5% of the S. Choleraesuis isolates in Taiwan. In contrast, ciprofloxacin resistance was low (<8%) in S. Weltevreden, a phenomenon that explains the low ciprofloxacin resistance observed in Philippines, where S. Weltevreden was most prevalent. S. Weltevreden was also the leading serotype in Thailand during 1993 to 2002 (1) but was replaced by S. Stanley in this study. Since S. Stanley bears a high rate of MDR (41.2%), the prevalence of the serotype may contribute to the high rates of antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella isolates in Thailand.Resistance to traditional antibiotics has limited therapeutic choices for Salmonella infection. Hence, an increase of incomplete susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins would further exacerbate the problem. Some studies defined isolates with a MIC of ciprofloxacin of ≥0.125 μg/ml as having “decreased susceptibility” to ciprofloxacin (14), including both resistance and reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. Furthermore, isolates with a MIC of ≥2 μg/ml were defined as having “decreased susceptibility” to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (14). There were only 13 isolates among a total of 14,043 isolates of nontyphoid Salmonella (0.1%) that expressed decreased susceptibility to both drug classes in the United States during 1996 to 2004 (14). In the present study, although there were only limited numbers of isolates collected from the participating countries, 37 (9.3%) isolates showed concurrent decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. Resistance to any one of the traditional antibiotics was found to be positively correlated with decreased susceptibility to either ciprofloxacin or ceftriaxone (all P values were <0.05). Another alarming message for public health in Taiwan is that 30 such isolates were derived from Taiwan, i.e., approximately 27.8% of the nontyphoid Salmonella isolates in Taiwan may express such dual decreased susceptibility. S. Typhimurium was the most-common serotype (nine isolates, 24.3%) expressing concurrent decreased susceptibility to the two drugs in this study.Infections caused by nontyphoid Salmonella isolates that are resistant or have reduced susceptibility to antibiotics were associated with an increased rate of hospitalization or death compared with infections caused by susceptible isolates (6, 8, 12, 13). Thus, continual surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and restricted use of antibiotics in food animals are crucial to reduce the selection and spread of resistant Salmonella bacteria in Asian countries. In view of the high rate of reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone is suggested as the drug of choice in the treatment of invasive nontyphoid Salmonella infections.  相似文献   
75.
PURPOSE: This study assessed whether maintenance therapy with carboxyaminoimidazole (CAI), compared to placebo, prolonged overall survival in stage IIIB/IV NSCLC patients who had tumour regression or stable disease after treatment with one chemotherapy regimen. METHODS: After completion of chemotherapy, patients were randomized to receive daily oral CAI at 250mg or placebo. Treatment continued until patient refusal, disease progression or unacceptable adverse event (AE). Quality of life (QOL) was assessed by UNISCALE and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy for Lung Cancer (FACT-L). RESULTS: Registration was halted early for slow accrual (targeted 360, randomized 186: 94 CAI, 92 placebo). All patients were off active treatment at time of analyses. Non-haematologic AEs (primarily grade 1, 2) observed significantly more often in the CAI group included fatigue (54.5% versus 29.3%), anorexia (31.1% versus 13.0%), nausea (62.2% versus 30.4%), vomiting (32.2% versus 14.1%), neurosensory (60.0% versus 44.6%) and ataxia (33.3% versus 16.3%). Patients discontinued treatment for AEs, death on study or refusal more often in the CAI group (36.0% versus 8.7%, p<0.0001). No significant differences in survival or time to progression were observed (median: CAI versus placebo: 11.4 months versus 10.5 months, log rank p=0.54; 2.8 months versus 2.4 months, log rank p=0.50). More patients receiving CAI reported a clinically significant (10-point) decline in QOL particularly on the functional (58% versus 37%, p=0.05) construct of FACT-L and UNISCALE (72% versus 51%, p=0.04). CONCLUSION: The addition of CAI following chemotherapy does not provide clinical benefit or improvement in QOL over placebo in advanced NSCLC.  相似文献   
76.
In plants, disease resistance mediated by the gene-for-gene mechanism involves the recognition of specific effector molecules produced by the pathogen either directly or indirectly by the resistance-gene products. This recognition triggers a series of signals, thereby serving as a molecular switch in regulating defense mechanisms by the plants. To understand the mechanism of action of the barley stem rust resistance gene Rpg1, we investigated the fate of the RPG1 protein in response to infection with the stem rust fungus, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. The investigations revealed that RPG1 disappears to undetectable limits only in the infected tissues in response to avirulent, but not virulent pathotypes. The RPG1 protein disappearance is rapid and appears to be due to specific protein degradation via the proteasome-mediated pathway as indicated by inhibition with the proteasomal inhibitor MG132, but not by other protease inhibitors.  相似文献   
77.
BACKGROUND: Several nucleic acid amplification (NAA) tests for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) have been licensed for the rapid diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in respiratory secretions. There is uncertainty however regarding the practical application of these tests in clinical decision making. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utility of the COBAS AMPLICOR assay (Roche Diagnostics; Singapore) for MTB as applied by specialists for the rapid diagnosis of PTB in the routine clinical setting. DESIGN: A prospective study of consecutive patients suspected of PTB and tested with the AMPLICOR assay under the care of respiratory physicians. The final diagnosis was based on all relevant clinical information after at least 3 months of follow-up. Accuracy of the NAA test was compared with that of the initial expectant treatment. Expectant treatment was based on an integrated approach that incorporated clinical evaluation with results of direct smear and NAA tests. RESULTS: The incidence of PTB in 168 patients was 32%. The basis for expectant treatment of PTB was positive smear result in 47%, clinical suspicion in 26%, and positive AMPLICOR result in 23%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the AMPLICOR test were 77%, 100%, 99%, 90%, and 93%, respectively. In comparison, they were 96%, 97%, 94%, 98%, and 97%, respectively, for the integrated clinical approach. CONCLUSIONS: In the rapid diagnosis of PTB, the clinical judgment of specialists augmented the utility of the NAA test: (1) specialists selected patients with high-to-moderate pretest probabilities, (2) they commenced treatment promptly on a positive NAA test result, and (3) they were willing to start treatment in some patients on the basis of high clinical suspicion despite negative smear and negative NAA test results.  相似文献   
78.
79.
PURPOSE: To determine the clinical activity and the toxicity profile of the topoisomerase-I inhibitor, topotecan, in women with recurrent or advanced endometrial carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective, phase II clinical trial was initiated by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG). Patients had histologically confirmed advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma, measurable disease, no prior cytotoxic therapy, an ECOG performance status of 0 to 2, and evidence of disease progression while on progestins or after radiation therapy. Topotecan was administered at 1.5 mg/m(2) (or 1.2 mg/m(2) for patients with prior pelvic radiation) intravenously daily for 5 days every 3 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 44 patients were enrolled; 42 were eligible. The study was suspended because of unexpected toxicities, primarily sepsis and bleeding. After toxicity review, the study was reopened using lower doses of topotecan (1.0 mg/m(2) or 0.8 mg/m(2) for patients with prior radiation therapy). In addition, prophylactic use of growth factors was allowed after the first cycle, and patients with performance status of 2 were excluded. The major toxicities were hematologic and gastrointestinal. Among the 40 assessable patients, there were three (7.5%) complete responders and five partial responders (12.5%), for an overall response rate of 20%. The median duration of response was 8.0 months and of overall survival was 6.5 months. CONCLUSION: Topotecan is an active agent for the treatment of advanced endometrial carcinoma. At the doses and schedules initially used, toxicities were unacceptable; however, at the modified doses, toxicities were acceptable and clinical activity was preserved.  相似文献   
80.
OBJECTIVES: To characterize mechanisms of macrolide resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae from 10 Asian countries during 1998-2001. METHODS: Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the isolates and their resistance mechanisms. RESULTS: Of 555 isolates studied, 216 (38.9%) were susceptible, 10 (1.8%) were intermediate and 329 (59.3%) were resistant to erythromycin. Vietnam had the highest prevalence of erythromycin resistance (88.3%), followed by Taiwan (87.2%), Korea (85.1%), Hong Kong (76.5%) and China (75.6%). Ribosomal methylation encoded by erm(B) was the most common mechanism of erythromycin resistance in China, Taiwan, Sri Lanka and Korea. In Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand and Malaysia, efflux encoded by mef(A) was the more common in erythromycin-resistant isolates. In most Asian countries except Hong Kong, Malaysia and Singapore, erm(B) was found in >50% of pneumococcal isolates either alone or in combination with mef(A). The level of erythromycin resistance among pneumococcal isolates in most Asian countries except Thailand and India was very high with MIC(90)s of >128 mg/L. Molecular epidemiological studies suggest the horizontal transfer of the erm(B) gene and clonal dissemination of resistant strains in the Asian region. CONCLUSION: Data confirm that macrolide resistance in pneumococci is a serious problem in many Asian countries.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号