肺结核病人健康教育现状调查与影响因素分析

目的　调查活动性肺结核病人在诊断前接受结核病知识的教育现状 ,分析病人接受结核病知识与社会经济因素的影响。方法　对 2 0 0 0年全国结核病流行病学抽样调查中的 1 2 78名活动性肺结核病人进行社会经济个案调查 ,调查以问卷的形式进行。结果　 1 2 78例肺结核病人在诊断前有 5 1 4例接受过不同形式的健康教育 ,占 40 2 % ,男性接受健康教育比例为 41 8% ,女性为 3 6 9%。各年龄组接受健康教育比例 <1 5岁组最低为2 5 9% ,其次是 65～年龄组为 3 0 9%。随着病人文化程度的增高和家庭人均年收入的增高 ,接受健康教育比例增高。肺结核病人各种职业的分类中 ,无工作者接受健康教育比例最低为 3 5 5 % ,其次为农林牧渔劳动者。按照病人是否有症状、有症状后是否就诊及最后诊断为肺结核病人的 3个过程接受不同形式的健康教育的频率 ,均以广播电视、健康教育和亲友教育为主。结论　在开展健康教育活动中 ,应注意对儿童和老年人群 ,对于文化程度低、家庭经济收入低、无工作者和农林牧渔劳动者等重点人群的教育     

骨水泥和种植体同期植入修复颌骨和牙列缺损的实验研究

目的：探讨高分子材料和种植体同期植入缺损区进行同步骨缺损修复和牙列缺损修复的可行性。方法：以4只杂种狗为研究对象，制备下颌骨长约2．5cm的缺损的动物模型(保留下颌骨下缘)，将骨水泥(聚甲基丙烯酸酯)植入骨缺损，同时将牙种植体植入骨水泥中并调整长轴方向，立即关闭术创。至术后3个月摄X线片，然后处死动物，局部巨检以了解骨水泥同骨组织的结合情况，并制备骨组织切片进行苏木精一伊红染色和甲苯胺蓝染色，以了解植入材料周边骨的生长情况及其对植入材料的反应。结果：术后3个月X线检查见骨缺损区充满骨水泥，骨水泥周边的骨小梁清晰，未见骨吸收或炎症表现，形成良好的骨-骨水泥界面，种植体则依赖其表面的螺纹结构与骨水泥间紧密的机械性嵌合而牢固的成为一体，植入的骨水泥块与周边天然骨结合紧密，无松动现象。植入材料周边局部脱钙骨的苏木精-伊红染色和甲苯胺蓝染色见骨结构正常，同时骨-骨水泥界有新骨形成。结论：骨水泥作为颌骨修复替代材料同期植入种植体是可行的。     

体外培养诱导外周血淋巴细胞促进大鼠面神经再生的实验研究

目的:通过在神经缺损处局部回输体外分离培养纯化的淋巴细胞,了解此种方法促进面神经损伤修复的效果。方法:将20只Wistar大鼠的面神经颊支剪断并立即缝合(其余3支反折缝合)制成面神经损伤模型大鼠,将其分成淋巴细胞组和对照组,每组10只,每组再分成2周组和8周组。淋巴细胞组局部回输体外分离培养的外周血淋巴细胞,对照组作对照。于2周和8周测定面神经颊支-触须肌复合动作电位传导速度,辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)神经逆行示踪测定面神经核团的神经元阳性数目。结果:淋巴细胞组面神经颊支-触须肌复合动作电位传导速度8周时为0.64±0.07,与对照组(0.56±0.07)相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HRP神经逆行示踪测定面神经核团神经元阳性数目,淋巴细胞组2周及8周与对照组同时间段相比差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论:体外分离培养纯化的淋巴细胞在局部应用于神经损伤处对面神经再生修复可起一定的促进作用。     

实验性腹主动脉瘤瘤体外径与iNOS相关性分析及分期研究

Objective To construct new model of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and detect the AAA outer diameter and the change of induce nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in the abdominal aor-tic aneurysm in different period,and analysis the correlation between experimental AAA and iNOS.Methods During the operation of the experiment group,the vascular prosthesis of PTFE was implanted to the rabbit abdominal aorta to form an aneurysm,while sham operation was done in the control group.The tissue of ab-dominal aortic aneurysm was harvested in 1 d,7d,14d,and 28d after operation,respectively.The tissue bo-mogenate concentration of iNOS in the abdominal aortic aneurysm were detected by enzyme linked immu-nosorbent assay (ELISA).Results In experimental group,mean concentration of the tissue bomogenate concentration of iNOS in the abdominal aortic aneurysm in 1 d,7 d,14 d,28 d were (22.129 ±2.518)μ/mL,(27.337±5.321) μ/mL,(36.047±4.584)μ/mL,(44.756±1.799)μ/mL,respectively;In control group,that was (12.499±1.807)μ/mL.The concentration of iNOS in experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group (P < 0.01).The difference during the experimental group all had statisti-cal significance (P < 0.05).Conclusion It is possible that iNOS has some biological function during the formation and progression of the abdominal aortic aneurysm.     

Smoothing the mosaic subclinical melanoderma by calcipotriol

BACKGROUND: The observation of photo-exposed skin under ultraviolet light reveals a mosaic pattern of varying intensity in epidermal melanization. Several patterns of mosaic subclinical melanoderma (MSM) have been described using a specially designed CCD camera and the ultraviolet light-enhanced visualization (ULEV) method. Vitamin D(3) and its analogues influence the biology of keratinocytes and melanocytes. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of calcipotriol on MSM. METHODS: This randomized split-face study was conducted in 27 men to compare the effect of once daily applications of 5% calcipotriol cream or a moisturizing cream on the heterogeneity of facial MSM. Computerized image analysis of video images was used at 1-month intervals before and during a 2-month treatment, as well as during a 3-month follow-up. RESULTS: At both sites, the average melanin content of the epidermis showed no significant change over time. However, the mottled appearance was smoothened at the calcipotriol site, whereas it was increased at the site receiving the moisturizer. CONCLUSION: The decreased heterogeneity in MSM after calcipotriol applications suggests a control of the epidermal melanocyte unit by the vitamin D(3) derivative.     

手法治疗肘关节错缝86例

2000年1月-2005年10月共治疗肘关节错缝86例,临床效果满意,现报告如下。1临床资料86例中男61例,女25例;年龄13~46岁。受伤机制:均为跌倒时手掌着地,肘关节过伸导致。摄X线片未见骨折及关节异常。肘关节伸屈活动障碍,伸20°~40°,屈90°~110°,屈伸平均(70·57°±3·01°)的活动范围。肘关节轻度肿胀,以内后方为甚,压痛点为尺骨半月切迹的内侧,强作旋后活动时会引起剧烈疼痛,肘三角正常。受伤至就诊时间1~3 d,平均1·5 d。2治疗方法2·1复位左肘错缝者坐于靠背椅上,助手立于患者侧背后方,紧握患者上臂,术者于患者前侧,左手握患者腕部,右手…     

前交通动脉瘤的手术治疗

前交通动脉是颅内动脉瘤最常见的好发部位．手术难度较大．病死、病残率较高。本院于2003年1月～2004年12月．共手术治疗前交通动脉瘤患44例，取得了良好的效果，报道如下。 1资料与方法 1．1一般资料：男性26例．女性18例；年龄29～74岁．平均50．1岁。术前Hess—hunt分级：Ⅰ级18人，Ⅱ级7人．Ⅲ级13人．Ⅳ级6人。     

Comparative study of renal sodium transport between ouabain-hypertensive rats and ouabain-nonhypertensive rats

Objective: To compare renal sodium transport, using fractional excretions of lithium(FELi) as a marker of proximal tubule sodium reabsorption, between hypertensive and non-hypertensive ouabain-treated rats and further to elucidate the role of ouabain in pathogenesis of hypertension. Methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighting 180-200 g were randomly divided into normal control group and ouabain treated group. Rats were infused with 1 ml/kg·d normal saline or 27. 8μg/kg·d ouabain in-traperitoneally once a day respectively. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate and body weight were recorded weekly. Rats were sacrificed 6 weeks after treatment. Blood and 24-hour urine sample were collected to measure the serum and urinary concentration of sodium, trace lithium and creatinine. Endogenous creatinine clearance rate(Ccr), fractional excretions of sodium (FENa), fractional excretions of lithium (FELi) and fractional reabsorption of sodium in the postproximal tubules (FDRNa) were calculated. Ouabain levels of plasma and renal tissue, plasma renin activity, angiotensin I and aldosterone concentration were determined. Results: 65% of the ouabain-treated rats achieved significantly higher SBP after 4 weeks, compared with that of the saline control groups or self baseline (P<0. 01). But in the other 35% of the ouabain-treated rats, their SBP was similar with control group during the experiment (P>0. 05). The body weight, heart rate and food intake between the 3 groups were no significant differences (P> 0. 05). FELi and FDRNa were significantly lower in ouabain-hypertensive group compared with ouabain-non-hypertensive group and control group(P<0. 01 and P<0. 05). The FEu and FDRn, of ouabain-nonhyper-tensive groups were similar with control group(P>0. 05). Ccr and FENa were comparable between the 3 groups (P>0. 05). Plasma and renal tissue ouabain levels, plasma renin activity, angiotensin I and aldosterone contents in ouabain-hypertensive rats were comparable with ouabain-nonhypertensive rats. Conclusion: Increase of proximal tubule sodium reabsorption play an important role in the pathogenesis of ouabain-hypertensive rats. The change of renal sodium transport may result from regulation to renal Na+ , K + -ATPase by ouabain.     

关节镜下应用“微骨折”方法修复关节软骨缺损

目的:探讨关节镜下应用“微骨折”技术对膝关节全层关节软骨缺损修复的效果。方法:对68例全层关节软骨缺损患者进行随机分组:实验组(35例),男17例,女18例,平均年龄35.1岁,采用关节清理后应用“微骨折”技术进行处理,即利用骨刀设计的特性和适度的锤击力量造成软骨下的骨组织微小骨折,刺激软骨生长。对照组(33例),男17例,女16例,平均年龄31.6岁,仅作关节清理术。结果:术后随访6~18个月,平均8.6个月,按Lysholm评分标准,实验组明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:关节镜下应用“微骨折”技术能够显著减轻关节疼痛,增加关节活动度,改善关节功能,是一种简单有效的修复全层关节软骨缺损方法。