Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders - The author of the article would like to add a video abstract as a supplementary material for a published article. The supplementary file is published... 相似文献
This study estimated ASD prevalence in a cohort of 3-year-old very preterm children (N?=?55) and investigated the usefulness of parent-reported ASD screeners and the ADOS-2. 12.7% received an ASD diagnosis by clinical judgment based on DSM-5 criteria. An additional 14.5% were classified as having a broader-autism-phenotype outcome. Sensitivity values for the screeners were poor, whereas specificity values ranged from poor to excellent. The ADOS-2 identified all children with ASD and had a fair specificity. These findings confirm the elevated ASD prevalence made by previous studies with preterm children but also highlight the challenges of successfully identifying ASD in this at-risk group. Caution is warranted when interpreting results of ASD instruments with the currently available cut-off scores and algorithms, especially when developmental challenges are present.
The conversion of male germ cell chromatin to a nucleoprotamine structure is fundamental to the life cycle, yet the underlying molecular details remain obscure. Here we show that an essential step is the genome-wide incorporation of TH2B, a histone H2B variant of hitherto unknown function. Using mouse models in which TH2B is depleted or C-terminally modified, we show that TH2B directs the final transformation of dissociating nucleosomes into protamine-packed structures. Depletion of TH2B induces compensatory mechanisms that permit histone removal by up-regulating H2B and programming nucleosome instability through targeted histone modifications, including lysine crotonylation and arginine methylation. Furthermore, after fertilization, TH2B reassembles onto the male genome during protamine-to-histone exchange. Thus, TH2B is a unique histone variant that plays a key role in the histone-to-protamine packing of the male genome and guides genome-wide chromatin transitions that both precede and follow transmission of the male genome to the egg. 相似文献
Melioidosis is a severe gram-negative infection caused by the facultative intracellular bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, which is responsible for a broad spectrum of symptoms in both humans and animals. No licensed vaccine currently exists. This study evaluated the protective effect of a monoclonal antibody (Mab Ps6F6) specific to B. pseudomallei exopolysaccharide in an outbred murine model of sub-acute melioidosis. When administered before the infectious challenge, Ps6F6 significantly increased resistance to infection and restrained bacterial burden in the spleen over a 30-days period. Patterns of IFN-γ production were similar in the treated and non treated groups of mice. However, Ps6F6 lowered IFN-γ levels over the duration of the assay period, except on day 1, suggesting a transient and rapid production of IFN-γ under Ps6F6 control. Minor but persisting increases occurred in IL-12 levels while TNF-α was detected only in the controls at the later stages of infection. No IL-10 secretion was detected in both groups of mice. These data suggest that passive prophylaxis with Mab Ps6F6 provide a moderate and transient induction of inflammatory responses in infected mice but failed to trigger a sterilizing protective immunity. 相似文献
This study focuses on Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization by covalent attachment on poly(ethylene terephthalate)-grafted glycidyl methacrylate (PET-g-GMA) fiber. The immobilization yielded a protein loading of 2.38?mg?g-1 of PET-g-GMA fiber. The performances of the immobilized and free CRLs were evaluated with regard to hydrolysis of olive oil and esterification of oleic acid. The optimum activity pH of the CRL was changed by immobilization to neutral range. The maximum activity of the free and immobilized CRLs occurred at 40 and 45?°C respectively. The immobilized lipase retained 65% of its original activity at 50?°C for 2?h. It was found that the immobilized lipase stored at 4?°C retained 90% of its original activity after 35?days, whereas the free lipase stored at 4?°C retained 69% of its original activity after the same period. In the esterification experiments, the immobilized CRL could maintain a high activity at a water content range from 1.5 to 6% (v/v), while the activity of free CRL showed a clear dependence on water content and decreased rapidly at above 3% (v/v) water content. In addition, after five reuses, the esterification percent yield of the immobilized CRL slightly decreased from 29 to 27%. 相似文献
In this study, we developed a novel microcarrier to enhance the production of anchorage-dependent mammalian cells in large scale by preserving them from the effects of shear forces and to enhance their removal from the surface without using proteolytic enzymes and chelating agents. This ‘thermosensitive microcarrier’ was synthesized by the grafting thermoresponsive molecule, N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), to the crosslinked poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) beads by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. NIPAAm was polymerized on bromine-activated beads’ surfaces to prepare PHEMA-g-PNIPAAm microcarriers. Then, they were chemically characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. Surface morphologies were further investigated by scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscopy techniques. The results of characterization studies confirmed that PNIPAAm was successfully grafted onto PHEMA beads by the means of atom transfer radical polymerization reaction. The cellular activities of PHEMA-g-PNIPAAm microcarriers were evaluated at static and dynamic culture conditions by using two types of cell lines with different morphology, i.e. L929 mouse fibroblasts and HS2 epithelial human keratinocytes. The microcarriers exhibited better cell adhesion and proliferation characteristics for both cell lines. Although their thermally induced cell detachment efficiencies are lower than that of trypsinization, thermally harvested cells preserved their surface morphologies and proliferation characteristics. 相似文献