Single-acquisition chemical-shift imaging of a binary system with use of stimulated echoes

A method for separating binary chemical-shift components with a single image data acquisition by means of stimulated echoes is demonstrated. With a strategy analogous to the modified Dixon method, three stimulated echoes were acquired to form three complex images. In each of the images, the complex pixel intensities were imparted, by design of the pulse sequence, with a phase factor carrying chemical-shift or field inhomogeneity information. With these three images, true fat/water separation can be obtained in biologic tissues. Studies at high field strength (4.7 T) on a toluene phantom, a pseudo-binary chemical-shift system, were used to evaluate the applicability of the method. Its clinical feasibility was demonstrated on a healthy human subject in a 0.6-T whole-body imaging system.     

原发性肉碱缺乏致脂质沉积性肌病的临床与病理特点

目的 分析原发性肉碱缺乏致脂质沉积性肌病（LSM）的临床与病理特点。方法 回顾性分析4例可能LSM患者的临床资料。结果 本组患者为亚急性或慢性起病，主要表现为近端肌无力，疲劳不能耐受；血清肌酶有不同程度的升高；肌电图示肌源性损害；病理检查示肌纤维内可见大量细小空泡和裂隙形成；MGT染色无破碎红纤维，油红O染色显示空泡为大量脂滴充填；受累纤维以Ⅰ型纤维为主。电镜证实肌纤维内脂滴堆积，可伴有线粒体的轻度增多。改善能量和糖皮质激素治疗有效。结论原发性肉碱缺乏致LSM是一种以易疲劳和肌无力为主要临床表现的脂质代谢障碍性肌病，病理改变以肌纤维内脂滴堆积为主，一般不伴有线粒体结构的明显异常。糖皮质激素治疗可获得良好疗效。     

以光敏性癫痫为主要表现的肌阵挛性癫痫伴肌肉破碎红纤维综合征一家系分析

目的研究1个以光敏性癫痫为主要表现的肌阵挛性癫痫伴肌肉破碎红纤维综合征(MERRF)家系的临床特点、遗传学特征。方法整理一个以光敏性癫痫为主要表现的肌阵挛性癫痫伴肌肉破碎红纤维综合征家系的临床表现、辅助检查及影像学资料,分析其临床特点和遗传特征。结果该家系呈母系遗传,共4人(包括先证者3个同辈,1个子代)出现肌阵挛表现,先证者以光敏性癫痫为主要表现,其肌肉活检可见典型的破碎红纤维(RRF),先证者的线粒体DNA提示8344位点由A突变为G。结论 MERRF家系少见,可以光敏性肌阵挛癫痫为主要表现。     

武警某机动部队幽门螺杆菌感染情况的调查分析

  目的 了解武警某机动部队官兵幽门螺杆菌(helicobacter pylori,Hp)感染情况及其影响因素。 方法 随机抽取武警某总队机动部队官兵912名,填写一般情况问卷调查表,采用¹³C呼气试验进行Hp检测,对感染者相关因素进行统计学分析。 结果 912名受检官兵Hp感染率为56.5%,其中<20、20~30、≥30年龄组Hp感染率分别为53.2%,56.1%和64.5%,三组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。大学及大学以上文化程度Hp感染率为30.4%,明显低于高中及以下文化程度的62.4%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。40.7%的干部感染了幽门螺杆菌,明显低于战士的58.1%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.002)。入伍前居住城市者与居住农村者感染率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。 结论 武警机动部队Hp感染率高于国内平均水平,文化程度、职务因素及其入伍前居住环境对Hp感染有明显的影响。     

Colorectal neoplasms: accuracy of US in demonstrating the depth of invasion

Six normal and 16 neoplastic colorectal specimens were examined with 8.5-MHz ultrasound (US). An articulated system facilitated precise spatial correlation between US and histologic sections. Images were blindly interpreted and then compared with histologic results. All six normal specimen showed five distinct echo layers and were distinguished from neoplastic specimens by all the observers. The central echogenic layer, corresponding to the submucosa, is useful in determining the depth of origin of a neoplasm and the presence of submucosal invasion. US had an accuracy of 92.5% in demonstrating invasion of the submucosa and 77% for invasion of the muscularis externa. For mucosal neoplasms with invasion through the muscularis externa and extension into the subserosal tissues, nearly 90% of US interpretations were correct. High-frequency US may be useful in determining the depth of invasion of mucosal tumors with respect to the submucosa and in differentiating mucosal from extramural masses.     

造血干细胞移植研究进展

造血干细胞移植(hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,HSCT)是通过化学药物及放射治疗清除患者的骨髓,再将健康供者的造血干细胞植入患者体内,建立新的造血系统及免疫系统,从而达到治愈血液系统恶性肿瘤及骨髓衰竭的目的.自从1981年我国开始第一例异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)以来,经过20余年的努力,HSCT技术已取得很大进步,根据北京市道培医院移植中心统计结果,白血病标危组同胞人类组织相容性抗原(HLA)配型相合组5年生存率为80%,HLA半相合(单倍体)及非血缘造血干细胞移植组5年生存率为70%-75%,白血病高危组长期生存率为35%-40%.     

住院患者对护理职业的认知调查

目的 了解住院患者对护理职业的认知状况,增强护士职业自豪感.方法 自行设计住院患者对护理职业认知调查问卷,对197例住院患者进行调查.结果 认为护理工作包括发药打针、健康指导和心理护理的患者占49.24%;认为护士在治疗康复中所起的作用重要和非常重要者占85.28%、一般和不重要占14.72%;认为护士学历应为大专及以上学历的患者占87.82%,中专占12.18%;认为医生和护士是平等关系的患者占76.65%、从属关系占18.78%;认为护理职业发展前途好和很好的患者占79.19%.不好和很差占5.58%.不同性别、年龄、文化程度住院患者对护理职业的评价比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);有选择护理职业意愿者56.85%.不愿意选择43.15%;112例住院患者愿意选择护理职业的主要原因是受人尊敬(66.96%)和工作稳定(29.46%).结论 住院患者正在逐步正视护理职业.护理工作者应提高职业自豪感,热爱护理工作,全心全意为人类的健康服务,为护理事业的发展做出贡献,以赢得应有的社会地位.