外源性硫化氢对阿尔茨海默病大鼠学习能力及海马形态学的影响

目的:观察外源性硫化氢对阿尔茨海默病大鼠的空间学习记忆功能及海马组织形态学的影响。方法:通过双侧海马内注射Aβ25-35制作大鼠AD模型,再连续7 d脑室内给予硫氢化钠。采用Morris水迷宫测试大鼠认知功能,断头取脑行HE染色、透射电镜等方法观察海马神经元的结构变化。结果:海马内注射Aβ25-35后大鼠学习记忆能力明显下降,可见海马细胞排列紊乱,核边聚、碎裂。脑室内给予硫氢化钠可显著改善大鼠认知功能,减轻海马神经元病变。结论:外源性硫化氢对Aβ25-35诱导的阿尔茨海默病模型大鼠脑组织内海马退行性变神经元有保护作用,并能改善大鼠学习记忆能力。     

Molecular cloning and functional study of calreticulin from a lepidopteran pest, Pieris rapae

Insects have an effective innate immune system to protect themselves from exogenous invaders. Calreticulin is a multifunctional protein mainly involved in directing proper conformation of proteins, controlling calcium level, and participating in immune responses. Previous suppression subtractive hybridization assay showed that the expression of Pieris rapae calreticulin (PrCRT) was suppressed after injection of Pteromalus puparum venom. In this study, we obtained a full length cDNA of PrCRT and expressed recombinant wild type and the N-domain deleted mutant PrCRT in bacteria. Real time quantitative PCR and western blot analyses showed that PrCRT mRNA and protein were expressed in hemocytes, Malpighian tubule, midgut, epidermis and fat body, with a higher level in hemocytes. PrCRT was probably located in endoplasmic reticulum distributing in the cytoplasm of hemocytes. Recombinant PrCRT was first able to attach and then enter the hemocytes by endocytosis. PrCRT mRNA in hemocytes was significantly induced after injection of yeast or beads, but did not change noticeably after injection of Escherichia coli or Micrococcus lysodeikticus. Recombinant PrCRT enhanced cellular encapsulation by P. rapae hemocytes in vitro, and the N-domain of PrCRT was required for encapsulation. RNAi of PrCRT by dsRNA injection impaired the ability of hemocytes to encapsulate beads. After parasitization by P. puparum, PrCRT mRNA and protein levels in P. rapae pupal hemocytes were significantly suppressed compared to non-parasitized control. Our results suggest that PrCRT is involved in cellular encapsulation and the pupal parasitoid P. puparum can decrease PrCRT expression to impair host cellular immune response.     

WT1 and Pax2 re-expression is required for epithelial-mesenchymal transition in 5/6 nephrectomized rats and cultured kidney tubular epithelial cells

Mature tubular epithelial cells in the adult kidney can undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a phenotypic change that is linked to the pathogenesis of renal interstitial fibrosis. EMT may be considered the reverse of mesenchymal-epithelial transition, which occurs during normal kidney development. The Wilms' tumor suppressor gene WT1 and the paired box 2 gene Pax2 are needed to induce mesenchymal-epithelial transition and play key roles in the progression of nephrogenesis. However, until now, WT1 and Pax2 have not been tested for their direct involvement in the process of renal tubular EMT. In this study, we explored the potential roles of WT1 and Pax2 in EMT that is induced in the remnant kidney of rats following 5/6 nephrectomy. We also examined WT1 and Pax2 in cultured renal tubular epithelial (NRK52E) cells treated with interleukin-1α and investigated the effects of blocking EMT using RNA interference. We showed that WT1 and Pax2 were re-expressed in the EMT models, and these were accompanied by decreased expression of E-cadherin and increased expression of vimentin, Snail and α-smooth muscle actin. Silencing WT1 and Pax2 by RNA interference blocked the interleukin-1α-induced EMT in the NRK52E cells, as reflected in the suppression of α-SMA and Snail expression, the restoration of E-cadherin expression and normal cell morphology. Our experiments suggested that the re-expression of WT1 and Pax2 in the tubular epithelial cells plays important roles in the promotion of EMT, and there may be therapeutic value in silencing Pax2 and WT1 to prevent or reverse renal fibrosis.     

纳秒级陡脉冲可用于治疗裸鼠人恶性黑色素瘤

 摘要 目的:观察纳秒级陡脉冲(Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields, nsPEF)治疗裸鼠皮下人恶性黑色素瘤的效果及其机制。方法：建立裸鼠皮下人黑色素瘤模型,随机分为长期治疗组及对照组各10只,观察肿瘤生长、裸鼠存活率时间,和短期治疗组(=10;分2h、4d组及对照组(分别为4、6和6只),以HE染色检查细胞形态,DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳、TUNEL法分析细胞凋亡,Western blot法、免疫组织化学方法分析组织肿瘤Bax、Bcl-2的表达。两组均用电场峰值40kV/cm、脉冲宽度200ns、频率1Hz、脉冲次数1000个的nsPEF进行治疗。结果：长期治疗后即刻看到肿瘤区均变为灰白色,表面皮肤均没有出血现象,肿瘤质地变硬;随生存时间延长,肿瘤体积较对照组明显缩小(P<0.01);平均生存时间（天）较对照组（天）明显延长(P<0.01);短期治疗组,4d时坏死区域增多;4d时琼脂糖凝胶电泳显示较对照组有明显“ladder”状分布,凋亡率明显高于对照组(P<0.01),较对照组相比Bax表达明显增高(P<0.01)、而Bcl-2表达明显降低(P<0.01)。结论：nsPEF对裸鼠皮下人黑色素瘤有明显的治疗效果,可能是通过调控Bax、Bcl-2 基因表达诱导细胞凋亡。     

S100A9 a new marker for monocytic human myeloid-derived suppressor cells

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a heterogeneous population of cells that negatively regulate the immune response during tumour progression, inflammation and infection. Only limited data are available on human MDSC because of the lack of specific markers. We have identified members of the S100 protein family-S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 - specifically expressed in CD14(+) HLA-DR(-/low) MDSC. S100A9 staining in combination with anti-CD14 could be used to identify MDSC in whole blood from patients with colon cancer. An increase in the population of CD14(+) S100A9(high) MDSC was observed in the peripheral blood from colon cancer patients in comparison with healthy controls. Finally, nitric oxide synthase expression, a hallmark of MDSC, was induced in CD14(+) S100A9(high) upon lipopolysaccharide/interferon-γ stimulation. We propose S100 proteins as useful markers for the analysis and further characterization of human MDSC.     

Protective Effect of Magnolol on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice

Magnolol, a tradition Chinese herb, displays an array of activities including antifungal, antibacterial, and antioxidant effects. To investigate the protective effect of magnolol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. ALI was induced in mice by intratracheal instillation of LPS (1?mg/kg). The mice received intratracheal instillation of magnolol (5???g/kg) 30?min before LPS administration. Pulmonary histological changes were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin stain and lung wet/dry weight ratios were observed. Concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-?? and interleukin (IL)-1??, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in lung tissues was determined by Western blot analysis. Magnolol pretreatment significantly attenuated the severity of lung injury and inhibited the production of TNF-?? and IL-1?? in mice with ALI. After LPS administration, the lung wet/dry weight ratios, as an index of lung edema, and MPO activity were also markedly reduced by magnolol pretreatment. The expression of COX-2 was significantly suppressed by magnolol pretreatment. Magnolol potently protected against LPS-induced ALI and the protective effects of magnolol may attribute partly to the suppression of COX-2 expression.     

2008-2010年重庆市血吸虫病潜在流行区监测报告

目的了解重庆市血吸虫病潜在流行区血吸虫病潜在流行因素,为血吸虫病潜在流行区提供预警信息,防止钉螺的扩散与血吸虫病疫情的传播。方法在三峡库区中段万州和支流上游开县设立固定监测点和流动监测点,调查当地居民、流动人口及家畜的血吸虫感染情况;在固定危险地带和流动可疑环境开展输入性钉螺调查。采用ELISA方法检测人群血清血吸虫抗体情况。结果 2个监测点共调查当地居民2006人,血清阳性率为1.50%（30/2006）,开县血清阳性率高于万州（2.29%vs0.70%）,差异有统计学意义（χ2=8.66,P〈0.01）。调查流动人员1970人,血清阳性率为2.39%,返乡人员血清阳性率高于疫区来渝人员（2.92%vs0.26%）（χ2=9.54,P〈0.01）,万州区的流动人员阳性率高于开县（3.61%vs1.32%）（χ2=11.03,P〈0.01）。监测点未发现从血吸虫病流行区引进的家畜,检测当地的牛和羊血清均为阴性。固定监测和流动监测分别调查133875、545530m2,未发现钉螺。结论重庆市血吸虫病潜在流行区存在血吸虫病传播的危险因素,应加强潜在流行区的传染源监测和管理,防止钉螺输入潜在流行区。     

父母-子女人格相似性对教养行为与青少年抑郁关系的调节作用

目的:考查父母-子女人格相似性对教养行为与青少年抑郁关系的调节作用。方法:采用中国科学院心理研究所全国青少年心理健康数据库中2009年的横断数据,对其中4474名11岁到22岁的在校学生数据进行分析。父母和子女人格均为自评,教养行为采用父母自评,抑郁由青少年自评。结果:父亲-子女在神经质维度上的相似性与父亲各项教养行为的交互作用均显著;母亲-子女在外向性维度上的相似性与母亲说理的交互作用显著,母亲-子女在神经质维度上的相似性与母亲各项教养行为的交互作用均显著,母亲-子女在精神质维度上的相似性与母亲监控交互作用显著。结论:父母-子女人格相似性对教养行为与青少年抑郁的关系具有显著的调节作用。     

2007—2011年长沙地区急性下呼吸道感染住院儿童人偏肺病毒的流行状况

目的了解人偏肺病毒（hMPV）在长沙地区急性下呼吸道感染住院患儿中的流行病学特点。方法收集2007年9月至2011年2月因急性下呼吸道感染在湖南省人民医院儿科医学中心住院儿童的鼻咽抽吸物（nasopharyngealaspirates,NPA）样本2613份,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应法（RT—PCR）检测hMPVM基因,将阳性PCR扩增产物测序并与GenBank中已知的hMPV参考株进行比对、分析。结果2613份标本中hMPV阳性检出数135例,检出率为5．2％,男女之间的检出率比较有统计学差异（x2=8．007,P=0．003）,hMPV阳性检出患儿的年龄以1岁以内多见（63．2％）。hMPV阳性检出率在春季呈现高峰,从检出季节分布显示A2b型主要在冬春季节流行,而B2型主要在春夏季流行。135例hMPV长沙株分为A型和B型两个主要的基因型,其中A2b亚型在2007--2008年为优势流行型别,2009--2010年A2b和B2型共同流行,B2亚型在2011年呈优势流行型别。135例hMPV检出阳性患儿中有66例（48．9％）存在混合病毒感染,其中与HBoV混合检出率最高。结论长沙地区部分儿童的急性下呼吸道感染与hMPV有关,且阳性检出患儿年龄主要集中在1岁以下,男多于女,主要流行季节在春季,A2b型和B2型优势基因型在长沙地区共同流行,与其他病毒混合检出率较高。     

江苏省2011年乙型流感病毒血凝素和神经氨酸酶分子流行特征

目的 分析2011年江苏省乙型流感病毒的血凝素(HA)和神经氨酸酶(NA)的分子流行特征.方法 选择13株2011年江苏省不同地区、不同流行时间的乙型流感毒株进行全基因组测序,通过生物信息学方法对HA、NA分子流行特征进行分析.结果 13株乙型流感毒株中,10株属于Victoria系,3株属于Yamagata系.10株Victoria系毒株的NA基因来源于Yamagata系病毒,是基因重配流行株.与疫苗株相比,10株Victoria系毒株和3株Yamagata系毒株的HA蛋白分别在197和196位增加一个糖基化位点.结论 2011年江苏省乙型流感Victoria系和Yamagata系病毒同时流行,其中重配的Victoria系病毒占优势.