全文获取类型
收费全文 | 17503篇 |
免费 | 1636篇 |
国内免费 | 71篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 236篇 |
儿科学 | 596篇 |
妇产科学 | 417篇 |
基础医学 | 2328篇 |
口腔科学 | 476篇 |
临床医学 | 1323篇 |
内科学 | 3898篇 |
皮肤病学 | 640篇 |
神经病学 | 1048篇 |
特种医学 | 632篇 |
外国民族医学 | 6篇 |
外科学 | 2871篇 |
综合类 | 176篇 |
一般理论 | 4篇 |
预防医学 | 1335篇 |
眼科学 | 463篇 |
药学 | 1383篇 |
中国医学 | 111篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1267篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 155篇 |
2022年 | 502篇 |
2021年 | 754篇 |
2020年 | 477篇 |
2019年 | 764篇 |
2018年 | 942篇 |
2017年 | 647篇 |
2016年 | 695篇 |
2015年 | 610篇 |
2014年 | 852篇 |
2013年 | 1177篇 |
2012年 | 1396篇 |
2011年 | 1487篇 |
2010年 | 927篇 |
2009年 | 806篇 |
2008年 | 919篇 |
2007年 | 923篇 |
2006年 | 841篇 |
2005年 | 700篇 |
2004年 | 645篇 |
2003年 | 453篇 |
2002年 | 452篇 |
2001年 | 304篇 |
2000年 | 325篇 |
1999年 | 239篇 |
1998年 | 101篇 |
1997年 | 78篇 |
1996年 | 74篇 |
1995年 | 49篇 |
1994年 | 42篇 |
1993年 | 40篇 |
1992年 | 41篇 |
1991年 | 37篇 |
1990年 | 27篇 |
1989年 | 29篇 |
1988年 | 30篇 |
1987年 | 26篇 |
1985年 | 28篇 |
1984年 | 84篇 |
1983年 | 68篇 |
1982年 | 43篇 |
1981年 | 26篇 |
1980年 | 41篇 |
1979年 | 44篇 |
1978年 | 43篇 |
1977年 | 34篇 |
1976年 | 35篇 |
1975年 | 38篇 |
1974年 | 22篇 |
1973年 | 17篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
61.
The wing Somatic Mutation And Recombination Test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster was used to study the modulating action of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) and black pepper (Piper nigrum) in combination with the alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and the promutagen agent ethyl carbamate (EC). Larvae trans-heterozygous for the third chromosome recessive markers multiple wing hairs (mwh) and flare-3 [flr(3)] were fed genotoxins alone or in combination with each of the two spices. Genetic changes induced in somatic cells of the wing's imaginal discs lead to the formation of mutant clones on the wing blade. Our results showed that bell pepper was effective in reducing the mutational events induced by EC and MMS and black pepper was only effective against EC. Pretreatment of 2-day-old larvae with the spices for 24 h followed by a treatment with EC and MMS was only effective in reducing mutations induced by EC. Suppression of metabolic activation or interaction with the active groups of mutagens could be mechanisms by which the spices exert their antimutagenic action. 相似文献
62.
Claudine Savy Fatima Moussafi Jacques Durand Jrme Yelnik Axelle Simon Jeanine Nguyen-Legros 《The Journal of comparative neurology》1995,355(3):392-404
The morphology and distribution of dopaminergic interplexiform cells in adult rat and monkey retinas were analyzed to determine any correlation with the function of dopamine in the outer retinal layers. The retinas were processed as whole mounts for tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry. There was a network formed by the sclerally directed processes of interplexiform cells in the inner nuclear, outer plexiform, and outer nuclear layers running throughout the retina. Their density was higher in the superior retina than in the inferior retina of the rat and was especially high in the superior temporal quadrant. The external network in this quadrant was significantly less dense in the monkey than in the rat, as are the interplexiform cells. The somata of interplexiform and other dopaminergic cells were about the same size in both rats and monkeys. Computer-assisted reconstruction of external arborizations of individual cells showed that external processes lay very close to horizontal and photoreceptor cells and also to blood capillaries. Because they were long, thin, and highly varicose; branched at right angles; and often arose from an axon hillock, the external processes were identified as axons. Therefore, we define the dopaminergic interplexiform cells as multiaxonal neurons, with at least one outwardly directed axon that reaches the outer plexiform layer. The function of the network of external processes from the interplexiform dopaminergic cells is discussed in terms of modulating the release of dopamine to external layers. 相似文献
63.
A lethal skeletal dysplasia with features of chondrodysplasia punctata and osteogenesis imperfecta: an example of Astley-Kendall dysplasia. Further delineation of a rare genetic disorder.
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of medical genetics》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
An unusual osteochondrodysplasia presenting with lethal neonatal short limbed dwarfism, defective ossification, and punctate calcification within cartilage is presented. The features resemble four cases previously described with Astley-Kendall dysplasia. 相似文献
64.
Philippe Chauveau Benot Vendrely Wael El Haggan Nicole Barthe Vincent Rigalleau Christian Combe Michel Aparicio 《Journal of renal nutrition》2003,13(4):282-287
BACKGROUND: It has been reported that patients on a very-low-protein diet (VLPD) maintain a satisfactory nutritional status because of a conserved adaptive metabolic response. However, only few studies have examined the course of nutritional status and body composition in the long term (2 years). METHODS: Thirteen stable patients (8 men; age, 55 +/- 12 years; glomerular filtration rate (GFR), 15 +/- 5 mL/min) receiving a VLPD (0.3 g/kg/day protein) supplemented with amino acids and ketoanalogues (SVLPD) were studied for 2 years. A joint visit with a physician and a dietitian and routine blood and urine analyses were performed every month. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), which was used to assess modification of body composition, and GFR (urinary 51Cr-EDTA) and urinary urea and creatinine excretion, which were used to assess nutritional status and compliance to the diet, were assessed every 3 months. RESULTS: GFR, albumin, and prealbumin levels remained stable. Urea urinary excretion decreased at 3 months and then slightly increased at 2 years, but the calculated protein intake remained low at 0.38 +/- 0.1 g/kg/day. Energy intake remained close to 30 kcal/kg/day. No significant change was observed for total fat mass or percent fat mass. After an initial decrease, lean body mass stabilized at 6 months and then increased significantly from 6 to 24 months (P =.02, paired t-test); the mean increase during this period was of 2 kg, that is, 4.6%. Urinary creatinine excretion showed the same profile. Total bone mass, lumbar or hip site bone mass, and Z-score significantly decreased from T0 to 1 and 2 years (P <.05). CONCLUSION: This study confirms that a supplemented VLPD is nutritionally safe for a long period, but attention must be paid to bone mass. 相似文献
65.
Tarek Sadek Hakim Mazouz Hedi Bahloul Roxana Oprisiu Najeh El Esper Isabelle El Esper Francis Boitte Michel Brazier Philippe Moriniere Albert Fournier 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2003,18(3):582-588
BACKGROUND: Sevelamer hydrochloride was recently proposed as a phosphate binder to prevent hypercalcaemia in place of calcium alkaline salts in dialysis patients. So far, it has been evaluated only in patients receiving calcitriol, without comparison with CaCO(3) alone, although the latter was found to be as effective as the combination of calcitriol and Al(OH)(3) in suppressing parathyroid hormone (PTH) without inducing hypercalcaemia and to have a better lowering effect on serum phosphate. Moreover, this bile salt binder may decrease serum 25-OH vitamin D. Therefore, we compared for 5 months two strategies for controlling moderate hyperparathyroidism: CaCO(3) alone vs sevelamer in conjunction with measures to increase calcium balance. METHODS: Forty-two patients were randomized: 21 continued their treatment with 4.8 g/day CaCO(3) and 21 were switched to sevelamer (initial dose: 2.4 g/day, increased to 4.4 g/day). Each month, when serum-corrected calcium decreased below 2.30 mmol/l, dialysate calcium was increased or alphacalcidol was given at each dialysis session, according to serum PO(4) levels. The following parameters were monitored: serum Ca, PO(4), bicarbonate and protein, weekly; and serum PTH, 25-OH vitamin D and total, LDL and HDL cholesterol monthly. RESULTS: Except for higher serum phosphate at month 1, lower serum bicarbonate at month 2 and lower LDL cholesterol at month 5 in the sevelamer group, no difference was found between the two groups. Compared with baseline levels, PTH increased and 25-OH vitamin D decreased significantly in both groups, these two parameters being inversely correlated. CONCLUSIONS: Given comparable control of plasma calcium, phosphate and 25-OH vitamin D, PTH control is comparable in both strategies. Sevelamer does not induce greater vitamin D depletion than CaCO(3). The transient decrease of serum bicarbonate after discontinuation of CaCO(3) in the sevelamer group suggests a less optimal prevention of acidosis. The sevelamer-induced decrease in LDL cholesterol gives this drug a potential advantage in cardiovascular prevention. 相似文献
66.
Lixian Zhang Peng Shi El‐Kebir Boukas Changhong Wang 《Optimal control applications & methods.》2006,27(5):273-291
In this paper, the problem of designing H∞ state‐feedback controllers for switched linear discrete‐time systems with polytopic uncertainties is investigated. Two approaches on designing robust and parameter‐dependent H∞ controllers are proposed and the existence conditions of the desired controllers are derived and formulated in terms of a set of linear matrix inequalities. By solving the corresponding convex optimization problem, the desired controllers are obtained, respectively, and different optimal H∞ noise‐attenuation level bounds of corresponding closed‐loop systems are given as well. The designed controllers have their own advantages and disadvantages regarding the conservatism and realization complexity. An illustrative example emerging in networked control systems (NCS) and numerical simulations are presented to show the applicability and effectiveness of the obtained theoretic results. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
67.
Anna Szymańska Elżbieta Korobowicz Wiesław Gołąbek 《European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology》2006,263(7):657-660
Nasopharyngeal angiofibromas occur predominantly in males in their puberty and adolescence; the incidence in other age groups and in women is exceptional. This report describes a case of a 57-year-old woman with nasopharyngeal angiofibroma presenting typical radiological findings in computed tomography, MR imaging and angiography. The tumour was successfully removed and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis. In 6 years follow-up the patient is free of symptoms. 相似文献
68.
O. H. Hishmat O. A. El-Shabrawy H. I. El Diwani N. M. Fawzy 《Archives of pharmacal research》1988,11(2):87-92
A number of substituted furodiketochroman derivatives (III a-f ) have been synthesized by fusion of aromatic aldehydes with 5-hydroxybergapten and 5-hydroxyisopimpinellin. On the other hand, when the reaction was carried out in a solvent, the corresponding bis-furocoumarin derivatives (IV c-n ) were obtained. The anticoagulant effect of compoundsIII a,b,d andIV b,c,f,g,i,k , was tested. They failed to demonstrate any significant effect. The effect of the tested compounds on the arterial blood pressure was studied. CompoundsIV c ,III d ,III b ,IV b ,IV g ,IV k andIV i showed lowering effects on the normal systolic blood pressure of anaesthetized rats in a decreasing manner. 相似文献
69.
70.
M. El‐Batawy A. S. Zahran S. A. Madkor C. J. Smith 《Food and Agricultural Immunology》1993,5(1):57-60
An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of porcine pepsin in milk‐clotting enzyme preparations has been developed. The assay is capable of detecting porcine pepsin in the range 1 μgto 1 mg ml‐1 without enhancement or modification. The specificity of the technique was studied by inhibition assay. Slight cross‐reactions with bovine rennet and Mucor miehei rennet occurred at high concentrations (1.0 mg ml‐1). The ELISA used in this investigation appears to provide a quick, sensitive and specific method for the detection of porcine pepsin and has potential applications in the dairy industry. 相似文献