细胞因子与肿瘤免疫治疗

 人们研究了在肿瘤局部分泌细胞因子的作用,结果发现细胞因子基因转导肿瘤细胞可以象疫苗-样诱导机体产生免疫反应.这个发现可能为临床治疗肿瘤,提供有效的治疗方法.     

Absence of ATM truncations in patients with severe acute radiation reactions

Purpose: Severe acute toxicity limits the effective use of radiotherapy in patients who are radiosensitive, and it is not usually possible to identify these radiohypersensitive (R-H) individuals before treatment commences. Five such R-H patients were detected over a 3-year period. We undertook this study to determine whether the severe acute radiohypersensitivity of these five individuals showed any correlation with cellular and molecular parameters known to be abnormal in radiosensitivity-related syndromes such as ataxia–telangiectasia (A-T).

Methods and Materials: Lymphoblastoid cells were isolated from fresh blood from the 5 R-H individuals who had previously demonstrated clinical R-H at least 9 months prior to sampling. Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) were established to determine the extent of postradiation chromosomal aberrations, cell cycle delay, cell proliferation, and tumor suppressor p53 protein stabilization. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and protein truncation (PTT) assays were used to test for the possibility of mutations in the gene mutated in A-T, termed ATM.

Results: LCLs derived from R-H subjects retained a significantly higher degree of radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations when compared to normal control LCLs. p53 stabilization by ionizing radiation appeared normal in all but one R-H subject. There was no evidence of A-T gene truncation mutations in any of the R-H subjects tested.

Conclusions: All R-H subjects in this study had their cellular radiosensitivity confirmed by the chromosomal aberration assay. Delayed p53 stabilization at 4 hours postirradiation in one R-H subject suggested that different etiologies may apply in the radiohypersensitivity investigated in this study.     

Analysis of the p21 gene in gliomas

The p21 gene encodes a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor protein (p21) which has a tumor suppressive activity in a variety of tumor cell lines. Since, the p21 gene is up-regulated by the p53 tumor suppressor gene, which is frequently mutated in gliomas, acting therefore in the same control pathway, it constitutes a good candidate gene to be also inactivated in these tumors. To test this hypothesis, DNAs from 81 gliomas (48 glioblastomas, 11 anaplastic astrocytomas, 10 low-grade astrocytomas, 12 oligodendrogliomas and mixed gliomas), were investigated for mutations in the p21 coding sequence by denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis followed by sequencing. All these tumors have been previously screened for p53 mutations. Three different DNA variants were identified on codon 31 (17 cases), 27 (1 case) and 117 (1 case) and shown to be also present in matching constitutional DNA, suggesting they were polymorphisms. None of the tumors demonstrated a somatic mutation. No significant correlation between the presence of a p21 variant and the p53 mutation tumor status was observed. In conclusion, mutation in the p21 gene unlikely contributes to the development of gliomas.     

白细胞介素Ⅱ联合加温化疗治疗癌性腹腔积液

１９９５年始采用随机分组方法，比较白细胞介素Ⅱ与加温顺铂、５－氟尿嘧啶联合（治疗组）及单用顺铂、５－氟尿嘧啶（对照组）腹腔内灌注治疗癌性腹腔积液４３例，结果显示：治疗组有效率为９０．９％，对照组有效率为６１．９％，Ｐ＜０．０５。生存质量方面治疗组明显提高，Ｐ＜０．０５。两组毒副反应均较轻，Ｐ＞０．０５无显著性差异，结论：白细胞介素Ⅱ与加温顺铂、５－氟尿嘧啶联合腹腔灌注治疗癌性腹腔积液，可能有协同、相加作用，是有效、简便、毒副反应小的治疗手段     

维甲酸在肺癌放疗中应用的近期临床观察

目的本文报道分析了维甲酸联合放射治疗与单纯放射治疗，对中晚期肺腺癌的疗效及放射治疗期间的毒副反应。方法从１９９４年１月至１９９５年１月收治中晚期肺腺癌２０例，１０例维甲酸加放疗，１０例单纯放射治疗，两组均用直线加速器，常规分割放射治疗，肿瘤量６０～７０Ｇｙ／６～７周，维甲酸加放疗组，放疗前１０～２０分钟口服维甲酸３０～６０ｍｇ／ｍ２。从放疗开始连服４６天为１周期，放疗结束后休息７～１４天重复１个周期。结果维甲酸加放疗组：ＣＲ６０％，ＰＲ２０％，Ｓ２０％；单纯放疗组：ＣＲ４０％，ＰＲ４０％，Ｓ２０％。在治疗过程中观察血象，肝、肾功能、胃肠道反应两组均未发现明显毒反映。结论结果显示放疗加维甲酸治疗中晚期肺腺癌疗效优于单纯放射治疗，其机理在于维甲酸使Ｇ１期延滞和Ｇ２～Ｓ期转换受到抑制，使癌细胞阻断于对放射线敏感的Ｇ１期增加放疗效果，使肿瘤消失变快     

鹿角治疗乳癖症的研究Ⅰ.鹿角提取物的抗炎作用

马鹿鹿角提取物能抑制右旋糖酐和二甲苯所致急性渗出性炎症，对慢性肉芽组织增生性炎症也有明显的抑制作用，对组胺、５ＨＴ、ＰＧＥ１引起的毛细血管通透性增强有明显的抑制作用     

Analysis of essential oil from rhizoma Zingiberis by GC-MS]

Sixty-six chemical components of the essential oil from Rhizoma Zingiberis were identified. The contents of these components were determined by GC-MS. The major components were camphene, beta-phellandrene and 1,8-cineole.     

Effect of rotundine on gastric acid and pepsin activity in rats]

A test was made on the effect of rotundine on the secretion of gastric acid and pepsin activity in rats. Compared with the control group, rotundine(> or = 17.1 mg/kg) inhibited gastric acid and decreased secretion of gastric juice(P < 0.01), but had no influence on pepsin activity. There was a negative relationship between total acidity and pH of gastric juice (r = -0.9818).     

Bcl-2基因及其家族Bax,Bcl-Xl和Fas/Apo-l,P16的检测在急性白血病中的临床意义

目的：为了解白血病凋亡正、负反馈网络中的问题与临床的关系，研究了抑制凋亡的基因Ｂｃｌ２及其家族Ｂａｘ，ＢｃｌＸｌ以及诱导凋亡的基因Ｆａｓ／Ａｐｏ１，Ｐ１６。方法：采用细胞免疫组化，ＷｅｓｔｅｒｎＢｌｏｔ，以及ＮｏｒｔｈｅｒｎＢｌｏｔ的方法。结果：发现在ＡＭＬ组和ＡＬＬ组，Ｂｃｌ２抗原表达均明显高于正常（Ｐ＜００１），回顾性分析ＡＭＬＣＲ组其明显低于ＮＲ组（Ｐ＜００１）。蛋白印迹ＣＲ组Ｂｃｌ２表达虽然降低，但和ＮＲ组比较无统计学意义（Ｐ＞００５）。Ｂｃｌ２ｍＲＮＡ的表达ＣＲ组明显低于ＮＲ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ｂａｘ的表达在免疫组化中白血病明显低于正常（Ｐ＜００１），但在ＣＲ组与ＮＲ组，免疫组化，蛋白印迹，ＢａｘｍＲＮＡ的表达，均无差异（Ｐ＞００５）。但ＢｃｌＸｌｍＲＮＡ的表达两组间有明显差异（Ｐ＜００１）。Ｆａｓ／Ａｐｏ１的表达为白血病组低于正常（Ｐ＜００１），但在ＣＲ与ＮＲ组中，免疫组化与蛋白印迹分析均无统计差异（Ｐ＞００５）。Ｐ１６的表达为白血病组低于正常组（Ｐ＜００１），但在ＣＲ组与ＮＲ组中无统计学意义（Ｐ＞００５）。结论：Ｂｃｌ２抗原以及Ｂｃｌ２ｍＲＮＡ，Ｂｃｌ