阿尔兹海默病导致起搏器旋弄综合征一例

老年女性因病态窦房结综合征植入永久性心脏起搏器,术后9个月因出现旋弄综合征再次入院。该患者合并高血压及阿尔兹海默病病史。入院后于心导管室进行导线解旋、复位等相应处理。本文旨在讨论总结起搏器旋弄综合征的预防要点,尤其对于合并认知障碍的患者。     

健康教育路径对HBsAg阳性产妇母乳喂养依从性的影响

目的探讨健康教育路径对HBsAg阳性产妇母乳喂养依从性的影响。方法便利抽样法选择2009年1月至2011年1月住院分娩的238例HBsAg阳性产妇为观察组,采用健康教育路径方式宣教;选择2006年12月至2008年12月住院分娩的263例HBsAg阳性产妇为对照组,采用传统健康教育方式进行宣教。比较两组产妇母乳喂养依从性及产妇母乳喂养知识知晓情况。结果观察组产妇对于母乳喂养的相关知识知晓情况较好,得分80分以上的占70.59%,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。观察组中,哺乳≥6个月的产妇占69.75%,哺乳<6个月者占19.75%,未采用母乳喂养者仅占10.50%,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 HBsAg阳性产妇进行母乳喂养并不增加婴儿乙型病毒性肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)的感染率,健康教育路径能有效提高产妇母乳喂养的依从性及喂养知识知晓情况。     

中青年人群非酒精性脂肪肝发生风险预测模型的建立

目的建立非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)的发生风险预测模型,为NAFLD的预防及发生提供管理策略。方法选取2015年1月至2018年7月大连医科大学附属第二医院健康管理中心年度体检数据库中18~59岁、至少有2次连续体检记录、基线未发生NAFLD且无重要指标缺失者的数据,观察结局为NAFLD。收集基本信息、体格检查、实验室检查和腹部超声检查资料,将所有研究对象随机分为建模组和验证组。采用SPSS 23.0进行χ²检验、t检验、秩和检验、单因素Cox回归分析。利用建模组资料进行多因素Cox回归分析选取预测指标,用RStudio软件绘制线图,构建NAFLD发生风险预测模型。通过一致性指数(C指数)和校正曲线对建模组和验证组模型的预测效果进行验证。结果本研究共纳入2377名研究对象,其中建模组1585人,验证组792人。本研究共有467人发生NAFLD(累积发病率为19.6%),平均随访时间为(27.06±8.02)个月。其中,建模组NAFLD发病人数为310人(发病率为19.6%),验证组NAFLD发病人数为157人(累积发病率为19.8%)。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平(HR=0.334,95%CI:0.209~0.534)为NAFLD发病的独立保护因素,而体质指数(HR=1.220,95%CI:1.172~1.271)、甘油三酯(HR=1.114,95%CI:1.052~1.180)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HR=1.252,95%CI:1.054~1.487)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(HR=1.013,95%CI:1.005~1.021)、血尿酸(HR=1.003,95%CI:1.001~1.004)为NAFLD发病的独立危险因素(P<0.05,P<0.01)。利用上述影响因素成功构建NAFLD发生风险预测模型。建模组和验证组的C指数分别为0.789(95%CI:0.766~0.812)、0.777(95%CI:0.742~0.812),校正曲线显示模型预测结果与实际观察结果吻合良好。结论本研究构建的NAFLD发生风险预测模型可以准确地预测NAFLD的发生概率,为早期识别NAFLD高危人群提供新思路。     

行走不稳两年 言语不清一年 眼睑痉挛四个月

<正>病历摘要患者男性,62岁。因行走不稳2年、言语不清1年、右眼睑痉挛4个月,于2014年2月入我院神经科。患者2012年4月无明显诱因突然出现行走不稳、步基宽,走路易向右侧偏斜,伴视物成双、视物模糊,站立时有明确的头晕症状,卧位时减轻,无恶心、呕吐,无视物旋转,无饮水呛咳、吞咽困难、言语不清,无肢体麻木、无力等症状与体征。就诊于当地医院,按"脑血管病"治疗21 d(具体方案不详),出院后继续服用阿司匹林、维拉帕米、银杏叶,上述症状部分缓解,仍步基宽、动作迟缓、右手书写笨拙。2013年3月14日无明显诱因头晕症状加重,行走不稳,步距小、步基宽,说话笨拙,自觉舌不灵活,偶有饮水呛咳,无吞咽困难,无视物旋转,无肢体麻木、乏力。再次至当地医院就诊,头部MRI显示延髓腹侧稍长T1、长T2信号,FLAIR成像高信号,增强后病灶未见异常强化(图1),考虑"陈旧性腔隙性梗死","输液"治疗2周(具体方案不详),症状无好转。2013年10月逐渐出现右眼不自主挤眼,双腿不耐疲劳,平地仅能行走200 m;2013年12月双手明显失灵,以至于持筷夹菜不稳,家属述其睡眠时鼾声重,说话笨拙症状逐渐加重。当地医院再次行MRI检查显示延髓腹侧长T2信号。2014年2月13日至我院神经科门诊就诊,体格检查:言语模糊,右眼不自主挤眼,眼球水平运动稍差,双手指鼻试验略差,行走缓慢,步基宽,站立不稳,Romberg征阳性,遂以"共济失调待查"收入院。患者自发病以来,无发热、感冒、腹泻史,否认口眼干燥、口腔溃疡、光过     

High-throughput identification of off-targets for the mechanistic study of severe adverse drug reactions induced by analgesics

Drugs may induce adverse drug reactions (ADRs) when they unexpectedly bind to proteins other than their therapeutic targets. Identification of these undesired protein binding partners, called off-targets, can facilitate toxicity assessment in the early stages of drug development. In this study, a computational framework was introduced for the exploration of idiosyncratic mechanisms underlying analgesic-induced severe adverse drug reactions (SADRs). The putative analgesic-target interactions were predicted by performing reverse docking of analgesics or their active metabolites against human/mammal protein structures in a high-throughput manner. Subsequently, bioinformatics analyses were undertaken to identify ADR-associated proteins (ADRAPs) and pathways. Using the pathways and ADRAPs that this analysis identified, the mechanisms of SADRs such as cardiac disorders were explored. For instance, 53 putative ADRAPs and 24 pathways were linked with cardiac disorders, of which 10 ADRAPs were confirmed by previous experiments. Moreover, it was inferred that pathways such as base excision repair, glycolysis/glyconeogenesis, ErbB signaling, calcium signaling, and phosphatidyl inositol signaling likely play pivotal roles in drug-induced cardiac disorders. In conclusion, our framework offers an opportunity to globally understand SADRs at the molecular level, which has been difficult to realize through experiments. It also provides some valuable clues for drug repurposing.     

"米袋法"在磁共振3D Nerve VIEW臂丛神经根成像中的应用

目的 探讨"米袋法"在磁共振3D Nerve VIEW臂丛神经根检查中的应用.方法 使用3.0T MR对22名健康志愿者和28名臂丛损伤患者采用3D Nerve VIEW进行MR臂丛神经检查,均分别进行常规和加用米袋两次扫描,对健康志愿者和患者的磁共振图像进行分析.测量比较健康志愿者加米袋前后臂丛神经节的图像信噪比(signal to noise ratio,SNR)和对比噪声比(contrast to noise ratio,CNR);采用4分法对臂丛显示情况进行主观评分,对成像质量的差异性进行统计学分析.根据臂丛损伤患者术中探查结果,计算加米袋前后臂丛损伤的检出率.结果 加米袋前臂丛神经SNR为1.90±0.66,CNR为14.27±6.82,加米袋后SNR为2.70±0.88,CNR为20.00±6.83,两者有显著差异(P<0.05).主观评分由2.45±0.64提高到3.96±0.95,P<0.05.臂丛损伤患者加用米袋后臂丛神经损伤诊断的检出准确率由69.7％ 提高至81.8％.结论 "米袋法"可在臂丛神经根成像中显著提高SNR、CNR,提高臂丛神经成像质量,提高臂丛损伤的检出率,有较好的临床应用价值.     

Child and parent speech and language following the Lidcombe Programme of early stuttering intervention

The Lidcombe Programme of early stuttering intervention incorporates operant methods, and outcome data indicate that the procedure is an effective treatment. However, the mechanism or mechanisms responsible for the effects of this treatment remain unknown. One possible mechanism could involve untargeted change to parameters of parent and child speech during the intervention. In this preliminary report, speech samples from nine children were studied before and after treatment. The purpose was to target independent variables for future research. In spite of clear reductions in disfluency and stuttering in the children, there were no corresponding changes in child or parent speech rate, interspeaker turn latencies, or pragmatic functioning, that might account for such treatment effects. In fact, data suggested changes that would not be theoretically predicted to be associated with reductions in disfluent and stuttered speech: Maternal speech rate increased in post-treatment speech samples and the mothers decreased the proportion of their utterances that contained a request for information. However, some children's language measures did not meet developmental expectations during the period of study. Nonetheless, all children's language measures were within or above developmental expectancies during the period of study, which ruled out the possibility that this treatment induces extensive curtailment of language functioning.