体重、体质指数、腰围和腰臀比对正常成人骨密度的影响

目的探讨体重、体质指数(BMI)和腰围、腰臀比(WHR)对正常成人骨密度的影响。方法采用MarcomMx8000多层螺旋CT测定560例正常成人腰椎松质骨密度,将受试者按年龄不同分为青年组、中年组和老年组,然后在同年龄组根据BMI及腰围的不同将受试者分为肥胖组和正常体重组,分析骨密度与体重、BMI、腰围及WHR的关系。结果①以BMI分组,老年肥胖组BMD高于体重正常组(P<0.05);②以腰围分组,中年女性肥胖组BMD低于非肥胖组(P<0.05);③青年组和中年组BMD与腰围及WHR呈负相关,老年组BMD与体重和BMI呈正相关与腰围和WHR不相关。结论预防骨质疏松症在中青年应提倡运动锻炼,避免肥胖,在老年人不应该过分强调降低体重减少肥胖以避免骨量的丢失。     

老年人血清胆红素水平与冠状动脉病变程度的关系

目的观察老年人血清胆红素与冠状动脉病变的关系。方法经冠状动脉造影确诊的冠心病患者80例,其中冠状动脉轻度狭窄组15例,中度狭窄组32例,重度狭窄组33例;另外选取冠状动脉造影正常者40例做对照。采用重氮苯磺酸法测定血清胆红素水平,并对胆红素与各因素进行直线相关分析。结果冠心病组血清胆红素水平明显低于正常对照组,血清胆红素水平与冠状动脉病变程度成显著负相关关系(r=-0.26,P<0.05)。结论冠心病患者血清胆红素水平较正常人明显降低。低血清胆红素可能是冠心病的一种危险因素。血清胆红素水平与冠状动脉狭窄程度有明显相关性。     

Pituitary adenomas: Trans‐sphenoidal experience of 300 cases

Objective: The main aim of the present study was to examine the effectiveness and complication rate of the 1 cm right‐sided unilateral sublabial trans‐sphenoidal surgery for patients with pituitary adenoma equal to or greater than 5 mm in diameter. Method: A total of 350 patients were surgically treated for pituitary adenomas between December 1999 and December 2003 in an academic neurosurgical unit in China. Three hundred patients (86%) were treated with the 1‐cm right‐sided unilateral sublabial trans‐sphenoidal approach. The mean age of patients was 43 years (range 10–78 years) and female patients accounted for 59% of the total. One hundred and ninety‐six (64%) patients had functioning endocrine tumours and 104 (36%) patients had non‐functioning tumours or macroadenomas. Tumours which were outside this simple and basic classification were excluded from the study. Results: There were no operative mortalities. One patient developed hypopituitarism and 16 (5%) developed transient diabetes insipidus that required pituitrin treatment. The remission rate for macroadenoma was 85% and that for microadenoma was 98.5% during a medium term follow‐up of 1–5 years. One hundred and fifteen patients had prolactin secreting tumours and 90.4% achieved endocrine remission. Fifty‐six patients had growth hormone secreting tumours and 75.4% achieved endocrine remission. Preoperatively, one hundred and fifty‐one patients presented with visual impairment and 148 (98%) achieved a documented improvement in visual acuity. The mean duration of hospital stay was 4 days (range 3–7 days). Conclusion: This minimally invasive trans‐sphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas could be used as the primary treatment for small pituitary tumours. The effectiveness of the tumour removal and low morbidity rate compare favourably with the conventional sublabial approach as well as the more recently developed endoscopic endonasal approaches.     

单一小切口带锁钉固定治疗"浮膝"损伤

[目的]探讨应用单一小切口治疗“浮膝”损伤的手术方法及手术适应证。[方法]对12例“浮膝”损伤病人采取C型臂X线机透视下闭合复位,膝关节屈曲30°~40°于髌韧带内侧缘做3~5 cm的切口,经股骨髁间窝逆行穿入股骨带锁钉;膝关节屈曲90°经同一切口向胫骨打入带锁钉。[结果]经过1~3年的随访,本组病人均骨性愈合,1例膝关节功能仅屈曲到90°,其它膝关节功能恢复到伤前水平。[结论]该术式创伤小,操作简单,固定牢固,能早期进行膝关节功能锻炼,早期对膝关节功能无影响,有无远期影响有待长期随访。     

Effect of nuclear factor-κB p65 ASOND on I typ collagen expression and rat hepatic stellate cells proliferation

Objective Sstudy effect of nuclear factor-κB ASOND on I type collagen expression and rat hepatic stellate cells(HSC)proliferation.Methods Rat HSCs were separated by affusing and digestingof Ⅳ type collagenenzyme and density acentric method.Lipid-mediated NF-κB p65 ASOND(0.001,0.01,0.1,1μmol/L)Was transferred into rat HSCs.Toxicity of HSCs caused by NF-κB p65 ASOND and activity of LDH were determined by trypan blue staining.Proliferation affection of transferring NF-κB p65 ASOND into HSCs was determined by MTT.In different concentration NF-κB p65 ASOND.expression of Ⅰ type collagen stimulated by 1mg/L TNF-αwas determined by RT-PCR and ELISA.Results After transfection of NF-κB p65 ASODN,expression of NF-κB protein in HSCs was decreasing.Toxicity experiment indicated that NF-κB p65 ASOND of different concentration(0.001,0.01,0.1 and 1.0 μmol/L)had no effect on HSCs livability and LDH activity(P<0.05).Four different concentration NF-κ B p65 ASOND could restrain HSCs proliferation stimulated by 1 mg/L TNF-α.The expression of I type collagen and mRNA stimulated by 1mg/LTNF-αwas increased,and had a positive correlation with concentration(P>0.05).Conclusion NF-κB p65 ASOND may depress NF-κB activity to restrain HSCs proliferation and Ⅰ type collagen expression,and reduce extracellular matrix.     

应用人精子头-尾膜完整性试验对生育力组及不育组精液的评价

目的应用人精子头-尾膜完整性试验,比较生育力组与不育组男性精液4种精子膜完整性类型的差异.方法精液标本分为生育力组(n=32)和不育组(n=50),采用"低渗肿胀-伊红拒染"结合试验,检测人精子头-尾膜完整性.结果头膜尾膜均损伤的Ⅰ型精子和头膜损伤-尾膜完整的Ⅲ型精子,生育组和不育组存在明显差异(P<0.01);头膜完整-尾膜损伤的Ⅱ型精子,生育组和不育组无明显差异(P>0.05);头膜-尾膜均完整的Ⅳ型精子,生育组明显高于不育组(P<0.01);Ⅳ型精子率与生育组精子活动率(n=32, r=0.82,P<0.01)和不育组精子活动率(n=50,r=0.80,P<0.01)均呈显著相关性.结论生育组具有较多头膜-尾膜均完整的精子."低渗肿胀-伊红拒染"结合试验能够清晰显示包括过渡型膜损伤的4种膜完整性类型的精子,精子头-尾膜完整性可以作为评价精子生理学的一项检测指标.     

小儿阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的诊断及治疗

目的探讨基层医院小儿阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的诊断和治疗。方法对临床疑似患儿,用多功能监测仪行夜间持续脉搏氧饱和度和呼吸监测、头颈侧位摄片、纤维鼻咽镜检查,确诊后行手术治疗。结果患儿多有睡眠粗响鼾声、扁桃体和(或)腺样体肥大,呼吸道感染、中耳炎、发育不良及中枢系统并发症的发生率较高。最低氧饱和度(85±7)%,睡眠呼吸暂停指数(apneaindex,AI)≥1者22例,睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(apneahypopneaindex,AHI)≥5者30例。在全麻下行扁桃体和腺样体切除术,同时行改良悬雍垂腭咽成形3例,双侧鼓膜切开引流术15例。术后症状及相关指标改善明显。结论便携式多功能监测仪可精确诊断OSAHS,扁桃体和腺样体切除是有效的治疗方法。     

梗阻性左半结肠癌I期切除吻合术的探讨

目的探讨急性梗阻性左半结肠癌I期切除、吻合的可行性。方法采用术中肠管切开减压，近远端肠管顺行灌洗，I期肿瘤切除、吻合。结果15例患者除1例吻合口瘘经引流冲洗后治愈，余病例全部I期愈合。结论左半结肠癌引起肠梗阻，严格掌握手术适应证，合理围手术期处理，术中肠管减压、灌洗及术后扩肛，I期切除吻合术是安全可取的。     

CT导向下125I种子源植入治疗恶性肿瘤

目的:探讨CT导向下125I种子源植入治疗恶性肿瘤的安全性及临床疗效。方法:11例患者14个病灶行CT导向下125I种子源植入,其中原发肿瘤5例,转移瘤6例(9个病灶)。根据治疗计划系统(TPS)计算布源,在CT导向下将18.5~29.6MBq活度的125I种子源相隔1.0~1.5cm多层面植入肿瘤内。术后1~10个月复查CT观察种子源在瘤体内的分布、疗效及有无并发症。结果:随诊CT复查,14个病灶完全缓解(CR)5个;明显缓解(OR)7个;部分缓解(PR)2个;无效(P)0。治疗前后病灶平均大小分别为4.23cm和2.07cm(t=5.018,P<0.01)。未见急性并发症和治疗相关的放射损伤。结论:CT导向下125I种子源植入治疗恶性肿瘤是一种安全、有效的方法,近期疗效肯定。