Smooth muscle distribution in the extrahepatic bile duct: histologic and immunohistochemical studies of 122 cases

The distribution of smooth muscle fibers in the extrahepatic bile duct (EBD) wall is not well characterized. We analyzed 101 consecutive Whipple's operation specimens and 21 autopsy specimens for the pattern of smooth muscle distribution in EBD using the Masson-trichrome stain and the desmin immunohistochemical stain. The patterns were categorized as continuous, interrupted, scattered, and no muscle layer. EBDs were divided into lower, middle, and upper portions, and the distribution pattern of smooth muscle fibers was analyzed separately in each portion. Because most surgically resected specimens contained the middle and lower EBDs with only a portion of the upper EBD, only the length of the middle and lower EBDs (common bile duct, CBD) was measured. The mean length of CBD in surgically resected specimens was 6.4 +/- 1.4 cm (men, 6.6 +/- 1.3 cm; women, 6.1 +/- 1.5 cm). The mean length of CBD in autopsy specimens was 6.8 +/- 1.0 cm. The predominant patterns of the lower third of the EBD were interrupted (49%) and continuous (43%). The predominant patterns of the middle third of the EBD were scattered (63%) and interrupted (23%). Those of the upper third of the EBD were no muscle fiber (58%) and scattered (39%). In conclusion, different patterns of smooth muscle distribution were observed in different portions of the EBD. Because scattered muscle fibers or no muscle fibers were the main features of the upper third of the EBD, understanding of this pattern may be helpful for assessment of the depth of invasion or staging of carcinoma of the upper third of the EBD.     

女贞子的药理作用研究状况

从十个方面概述女贞子药理作用实验研究状况。     

Pulmonary tuberculosis in five young infants with nursery exposure: clinical, radiographic and CT findings

Clinical, radiographic (n = 5) and CT findings (n = 4) of five Korean infants ranging in age from 2 to 3 months with confirmed tuberculosis were retrospectively analysed. All of the patients were symptomatic, anergic to tuberculin, and had a positive culture of Myobacterium tuberculosis in gastric aspirates. The probable source of infection was the hospital in which they were born. CT scans demonstrated hilar and mediastinal lymph node enlargement with central low attenuation and peripheral enhancement in all cases. CT may be useful in diagnosis by demonstrating characteristic adenopathy and disseminated disease in young infants. Received: 2 September 1997 Accepted: 23 April 1998     

双特异性抗体治疗肿瘤的可行性研究

肽图分析是验证rhIL-2的重要手段之一.rhIL-2具有133个氨基酸,在其一级结构的序列中有四个甲硫氨酸切点,可用化学裂解的方法将甲硫氨酸肽键打开,进行肽谱分析,以对其进行验证.为了有效地对甲硫氨酸进行裂解,我们用70%甲酸溶解CNBr~2,保持CNBr的高浓度小体积,使rhIL-2在1.5mlEppedorf管中,室温条件下有效地打开甲硫氨酸肽键.同时比较了CNBr浓度、裂解时间以及在不同浓度的梯度胶中作SDS-PAGE对实验结果的影响,确定了最佳的实验条件,获得了良好的实验结果.本文虽以rhIL-2为例,但对所有带甲硫氨酸的细胞因子均可用本方法进行肽图分析.     

卵巢外腹膜浆液性乳头状癌5例临床及病理学分析

目的 探讨卵巢外腹膜浆液性乳头状癌（EPSPC）的临床及病理学特点。方法 对1990年1月～2004年12月经我院治疗的5例卵巢外腹膜浆液性乳头状癌的临床资料进行回顾性分析，运用组织病理学、免疫组化染色进行观察。结果 患者平均发病年龄60.4岁，1例双侧卵巢及输卵管基本正常，4例卵巢间质无肿瘤恶性浸润或仅累及卵巢表面上皮。5例均有腹膜的广泛病变.肿瘤组织病理形态与卵巢浆液性乳头状腺癌相似。组化及免疫组化染色PAS、CA125、CEA均阳性。结论 卵巢外腹膜浆液性乳头状癌是来源于第二苗勒系统的恶性肿瘤,组织病理形态与卵巢浆液性乳头状腺癌相似，诊断卵巢外腹膜浆液性乳头状癌时必须双侧卵巢、输卵管无同类型肿瘤。组化及免疫组化检测有助于与腹膜恶性间皮瘤的鉴别。预后较卵巢浆液性乳头状腺癌差。对患者行肿瘤细胞减灭术及PAC化疗方案可改善预后。     

进口化学药品说明书的基本要素

药品说明书是药品获批准上市后的重要证明文件之一，是对被批准的适应症、用法、用量等有关用药重要信息的详细说明，是指导医患用药的关键依据。在《中华人民共和国药品管理法》、《药品注册管理办法》（试行）以及国家食品药品监督管理局局23号令等法律、法规和条例中，对药品说明书及相关内容明确了其要求和责任等，这对认识说明书的作用和地位，并且对其进行制订和核准都起着重要的指导作用。     

电针太阳穴治疗椎基底动脉供血不足临床观察

方法:将70例符合椎基底动脉供血不足诊断标准的患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各35例,治疗2周后,分别对眩晕的主观评定和眩晕症状量表进行观察.结果:治疗组有效率77.14%,对照组51.43%,差异有非常显著意义(P＜0.01);疗后眩晕的主观评定和眩晕症状量表评分,治疗组均优于对照组(P＜0.01).结论:电针太阳穴是治疗椎基底动脉供血不足的有效方法.     

Airway Reactivity to Bronchoconstrictor and Bronchodilator: Assessment Using Thin-Section and Volumetric Three-Dimensional CT

Objective

To determine the extent to which thin-section and volumetric three-dimensional CT can depict airway reactivity to bronchostimulator, and to assess the effect of different airway sizes on the degree of reactivity.

Materials and Methods

In eight dogs, thin-section CT scans were obtained before and after the administration of methacholine and ventolin. Cross-sectional areas of bronchi at multiple levels, as shown by axial CT, proximal airway volume as revealed by three-dimensional imaging, and peak airway pressure were measured. The significance of airway change induced by methacholine and ventolin, expressed by percentage changes in cross-sectional area, proximal airway volume, and peak airway pressure was statistically evaluated, as was correlation between the degree of airway reactivity and the area of airways.

Results

Cross-sectional areas of the bronchi decreased significantly after the administration of methacholine, and scans obtained after a delay of 5 minutes showed that normalization was insufficient. Ventolin induced a significant increase in cross-sectional areas and an increase in proximal airway volume, while the effect of methacholine on the latter was the opposite. Peak airway pressure increased after the administration of methacholine, and after a 5-minute delay its level was near that of the control state. Ventolin, however, induced no significant decrease. The degree of airway reactivity did not correlate with airway size.

Conclusion

Thin-section and volumetric spiral CT with three-dimensional reconstruction can demonstrate airway reactivity to bronchostimulator. The degree of reactivity did not correlate with airway size.