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Victor A. Chow Ajay K. Gopal David G. Maloney Cameron J. Turtle Stephen D. Smith Chaitra S. Ujjani Mazyar Shadman Ryan D. Cassaday Brian G. Till Yolanda D. Tseng Edus H. Warren Andrei R. Shustov Manoj P. Menon Sandra Bhark Utkarsh H. Acharya Erin Mullane Lindsay M. Hannan Jenna M. Voutsinas Ted A. Gooley Ryan C. Lynch 《American journal of hematology》2019,94(8):E209-E213
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Andrei S. Purysko Christopher P. Coppa Mathew F. Kalady Rish K. Pai Hilton M. Leão Filho Chakradhar R. Thupili Erick M. Remer 《Abdominal imaging》2014,39(4):824-852
Although most rectal masses are histologically characterized as adenocarcinomas, the rectum and perirectal region can be affected by a wide variety of tumors and tumor-like conditions that can mimic the symptoms caused by rectal adenocarcinoma, including mucosal or submucosal rectal tumors such as lymphoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, leiomyosarcoma, neuroendocrine tumor, hemangioma, and melanoma, as well as tumors of the perirectal region such as developmental cyst, neurogenic tumor, osseous tumor, and other miscellaneous conditions. As a group, tumors of the rectum are considerably different from the group of tumors that arise in the perirectal region: they are most often neoplastic, symptomatic, and malignant, whereas tumors arising in the perirectal region are most commonly congenital, asymptomatic, and benign. Proctoscopy with biopsy is the most important method for the diagnosis of rectal tumors, but this procedure cannot determine the precise intramural extension of a rectal tumor and cannot accurately distinguish submucosal and intramural tumors from extramural tumors. Cross-sectional imaging, especially transrectal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, allows evaluation of the entire bowel wall thickness and the perirectal tissues, helping further characterize these tumors. Recognition of the existence of these masses and their key clinical and imaging features is crucial for clinicians to accurately diagnose and appropriately manage these conditions. 相似文献
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Nykia D. Walker Yasmine Mourad Katherine Liu Michael Buxhoeveden Catherine Schoenberg Jean D. Eloy Dorian J. Wilson Lloyd G. Brown Andrei Botea Faraz Chaudhry Steven J. Greco Nicholas M. Ponzio Nikolaos Pyrsopoulos Baburao Koneru Yuriy Gubenko Pranela Rameshwar 《Stem cell reviews》2017,13(5):644-658
Orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) remains the standard of care for end stage liver disease. To circumvent allo-rejection, OLT subjects receive gluococorticoids (GC). We investigated the effects of GC on endogenous mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSCs) in OLT. This question is relevant because MSCs have regenerative potential and immune suppressor function. Phenotypic analyses of blood samples from 12 OLT recipients, at pre-anhepatic, anhepatic and post-transplant (2 h, Days 1 and 5) indicated a significant decrease in MSCs after GC injection. The MSCs showed better recovery in the blood from subjects who started with relatively low MSCs as compared to those with high levels at the prehepatic phase. This drop in MSCs appeared to be linked to GC since similar change was not observed in liver resection subjects. In order to understand the effects of GC on decrease MSC migration, in vitro studies were performed in transwell cultures. Untreated MSCs could not migrate towards the GC-exposed liver tissue, despite CXCR4 expression and the production of inflammatory cytokines from the liver cells. GC-treated MSCs were inefficient with respect to migration towards CXCL12, and this correlated with retracted cytoskeleton and motility. These dysfunctions were partly explained by decreases in the CXCL12/receptor axis. GC-associated decrease in MSCs in OLT recipients recovered post-transplant, despite poor migratory ability towards GC-exposed liver. In total, the study indicated that GC usage in transplant needs to be examined to determine if this could be reduced or avoided with adjuvant cell therapy. 相似文献