Disposition of Tablet and Capsule Formulations of Digoxin in the Elderly

Study Objective . To compare digoxin tablets and liquid-filled capsules with respect to excretion of the drug and its metabolites in urine and feces at steady state. Design . A randomized, crossover trial, each period lasting 3 weeks, with no washout period. Setting . A university hospital. Patients . Six patients, five of whom were elderly, with histories of gastrointestinal disorders, such as hypochlorhydria, intestinal bacterial overgrowth, and inflammatory bowel disease. Interventions . The patients received digoxin once/day in either tablet or capsule form for 3 weeks, and then were switched to the other formulation. Total urinary and fecal excretion from the last 3 days of each regimen were analyzed for the drug and metabolites. Measurements and Main Results . No statistically significant differences were found between tablets and capsules in recovery of digoxin or its metabolites in urine or feces (p=0.05). One subject had a 4-fold increase in urinary drug excretion and 50% decrease in fecal excretion after taking the capsules compared with tablets. Intersubject variability in extent and type of metabolite excretion was greater than intrasubject variability. Conclusions . Fecal analyses may be an accurate way to classify patients as formers of digoxin reduction products.     

Associations among right minus left brain weight, right- and left-brain weight and the degree of paw preference in right- and left-preferent male and female cats.

The relation of right and left brain weight to right minus left (R-L) brain weight and the relation of R-L paw use to brain weight were studied in adults cats. The R-L brain weight was significantly larger than zero in right-pawed (RH) male and left-pawed (LH) females. The R-L brain weight was significantly smaller than zero in LH males, not significantly different from zero in RH females. The R-L brain weight was negatively linearly correlated with the left-brain weight in RH and LH males (no significant correlations in females). The R-L paw use showed a significant positive linear correlation with the R-L brain weight in RH male and females. There was a significant negative linear correlation between R-L paw use and R-L brain weight especially in LH males. Total brain weight showed a significant negative linear correlation with R-L paw use in RH males, and a positive linear correlation in LH males (no correlations in female cats). These results indicated that intermanual difference in paw use is associated with interhemispheric weight difference and total brain weight, especially in male cats; the left brain seems to be of importance in cerebral lateralization.     

山莨菪碱防治甘油所致急性肾功能衰竭的实验研究

在１２９只ＳＤ大鼠的实验中动态观察了山莨菪碱对甘油所致急性肾功能衰竭时不同时期的Ｂｃｒ，ＢＵＮ，ｐＨ病理改变及死亡率的影响，结果表明：山莨菪碱能降低ＡＲＦ第５天大鼠死亡率以及Ｂｃｒ，ＢＵＮ水平。改善病理损害，对ＡＲＦ起到预防及治疗效果，山莨菪碱的预防效果优于治疗效果，预防是ＡＲＦ防治的关键，但山莨菪碱在治疗过程中要引起“冲刷综合征”导致洗脱性酸中毒，应引起注意。     

张力带固定与钢丝环扎治疗髌骨骨折疗效分析

使用张力带固定、钢丝环扎与丝线环扎治疗髌骨骨折共６５例，平均优良率９１．５２％，但优级疗效者张力带组是８０％，钢丝及丝线环扎组分别是５６％及５６．５％。张力带内固定术后不需石膏外固定，利于膝关节早期功能锻炼与康复，疗效明显优于其它两种疗效（ｐ＜０．０５），但术中操作要求准确细致。与钢丝环扎相比，丝线环扎荷包缝合具有可避免取出内固定的第二次手术的优点，两组疗效相似。     

Bilateral horizontal gaze palsy in multiple sclerosis

Bilateral horizontal gaze palsies are rare. In this case report, we present a 28-year-old woman with bilateral horizontal gaze palsies due to involvement of both paramedian pontine reticular formations (PPRFs) by multiple sclerosis (MS) plaques.     

帕罗西汀对抑郁模型大鼠不同脑区环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白的影响

目的探讨帕罗西汀在不同用药时间对抑郁模型大鼠海马、前额叶皮质环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白（CREB）磷酸化（p-CREB）及总蛋白（t-CREB）水平的影响。方法成年雄性SpragueDawley大鼠36只，随机分为6组：对照组、抑郁模型组（以下简称模型组）、抑郁模型＋用药1d组（以下简称用药1d组）、抑郁模型＋用药1周组（以下简称用药1周组）、抑郁模型＋用药2周组（以下简称用药2周组）和抑郁模型＋用药4周组（以下简称用药4周组），每组各6只。抑郁模型的制作为强迫大鼠游泳4周，每天1次，每次15min。帕罗西汀的剂量为10m∥kg体质量，灌胃给药，时间分别为1d和1，2，4周，每天1次，于每次游泳前用药。采用Westernblot法检测各组大鼠海马及前额叶皮质的p-CREB和t-CREB水平。结果（1）模型组及用药1d、1周组大鼠海马p-CREB水平明显低于对照组（P〈0．01），用药2，4周组大鼠海马p-CREB水平与对照组的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；模型组及各用药组海马t-CREB水平与对照组的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。（2）模型组及用药1d和1，2周组大鼠前额叶皮质p-CREB水平均明显低于对照组（P〈0．05），用药4周组与对照组的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。模型组及用药1d、1周组大鼠前额叶皮质t-CREB水平与对照组的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），用药2，4周组大鼠前额叶皮质t-CREB水平均明显高于对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论慢性强迫游泳导致大鼠海马及前额叶皮质CREB活性降低，长期使用帕罗西汀可逆转此效应，提高抑郁大鼠前额叶皮质的CREB水平。     

REGULATING FUNCTION OF COENZYMIZATION AND DECOENZYMIZATION OF THE LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE ISOZYMES IN THE MOUSE TISSUES DURING HYPOXIA

Objective. To study the characteristics of changes of LDH enzyme patterns of mice under slight hypoxia.Methods. Mice treated with artificial hypoxia, various tissues were made for the test of LDH enzymatic activity by the specific staining technique. LDH (1 -5) relative percentage enzymatic activity (RPEA) were measured with CS-910 dual-wavelength thin layer chromatography scanner.Results. The RPEA of LDH isozymes of various tissues after slight hypoxia shifted to the isozymes LDH1 and LDH2, whose principal subunits are H subunits, and the RPEA of LDH,(H4), LDH2(H3M) increased, while RPEA of LDH5(M4) in various tissues decreased prominently except the cardiac muscle, and that of LDH4(HM3) decreased as well. After polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of the hypoxia treated cardiac muscle specimen was made, activity subbands originated regularly in the isozyme patterns of LDH, with the regularity of LDH1 (0 subband), LDH2 (0-1 subbands), LDH3 (0-2 subbands), LDH4 (1-3 subbands), LDH5 (2-4 subbands).     

分离肝细胞纯化培养方法的比较研究

目的 评价一种可提高肝细胞纯度和存活率的分离培养方法。方法 以体外两步胶原酶灌流法分离肝细胞,然后将其分成两组,对照组在接种培养前不经进一步处理,试验组则在应用适宜的Percoll梯度液离心纯化之后再行培养。藉台盼蓝拒染法比较两组肝细胞的存活率,采用MTT法动态比较两组肝细胞的增殖状态,在相差显微镜下观察细胞的纯度和形态。结果 未经进一步纯化处理的猪肝细胞存活率为90％±5％,鼠肝细胞存活率为80％±5％,两者纯度均约90％;经Percoll梯度液离心纯化后,其高活力肝细胞比率均提高至98％±2％,纯度可达99％以上。从开始接种到大部分肝细胞贴壁生长,试验组比对照组肝细胞的时间有所缩短。结论 用Percoll梯度液纯化新分离肝细胞,可提高肝实质细胞的活力与纯度。