原发性三叉神经痛的LEKSELL-C伽玛刀治疗

目的 探讨伽玛刀治疗原发性三叉神经痛的方法和效果.方法 对28例原发性三叉神经痛采用LEKSELL-C型伽玛刀治疗,均沿三叉神经走行在三叉神经根近桥脑处选择双靶点治疗.中心剂量75～85Gy,50%等剂量线限定靶点.结果 随访3～11个月,疼痛消失时间平均在术后3.5个月.按疼痛缓解评分,在随访时点,总有效率为96%.结论 LEKSELL-C型伽玛刀是治疗原发性三叉神经痛安全和有效的方法之一.     

汉族人群组织激肽释放酶基因调控序列多态性分析

目的　分析组织激肽释放酶基因 5’端启动子区域多态性在四川地区汉族人群中的分布。方法　应同PCR技术结合等位基因特异寡核苷酸片段分析的方法 (ASO)对 13 2例四川地区健康汉族人的组织激肽释放酶基因用十种探针进行检测 ,分析等位基因频率的分布。结果　组织激肽释放酶基因的A、B、C、D、E、H、K、P的频率分别为 2 2 .7%、9.8%、9.8%、3 .0 %、9.1%、2 3 .1%、16.3 %、6.1%。结论　在我国四川地区的健康汉族人群中 ,该位点确实存在多态性。     

Ⅰ期趾甲延长术9例报告

目的:总结Ⅰ期在第2足趾游离移植再造拇(手)指中行趾甲延长的临床应用经验.方法:采用趾甲延长方法对9例(男7,女2例)第2足趾移植再造拇(手)指的患者进行了趾甲延长术,其中拇指8例,食指1例.年龄18～46岁,平均25岁.在再造指距甲根皮缘5 mm处,去除1块矩形皮肤,勿损伤皮下血管网.其高度2 mm,宽度与趾甲相等,将U形皮瓣向近端柔和推剥并缝合.结果:1例术后供区发生表浅感染,经换敷料逐渐愈合.再造的拇(手)指全部成活,可延长趾甲2～3 mm,改善了再造拇(手)指的外形,无指甲生长畸形发生.随访7个月～2年(平均13个月),趾甲外形较好.结论:在第2足趾游离移植再造拇(手)指中应用Ⅰ期趾甲延长术,使趾甲从短小向纵向延长,缩小手指甲与足趾甲之间差异,能改善再造拇(手)指甲外形,且不影响再造指的活动功能,是一种简单有效的手术方法.     

术前预留屈光度对不同年龄LASIK手术患者的影响

目的评价术前预留屈光度对不同年龄LASIK手术患者术后远期疗效和视觉症状的影响,并比较不同年龄近视患者行LASIK手术后的有效性、可预测性和稳定性,并观察术前预留屈光度对术后长期疗效和近距离工作的影响。方法对224例(448只眼)近视LASIK手术患者进行回顾性分析。所有病例按年龄分成3组:Ⅰ组(全矫组)205只眼,年龄18～27岁(21．73±2．65岁);Ⅱ组(预留-0．25 D组)147只眼,年龄28～36岁(32．08±2．66岁);Ⅲ组(预留-0．50 D～- 0．75 D组)96只眼,年龄36～50岁(39．17±2．84岁)。主要观察指标:手术后裸眼视力裸眼远视力、等值球镜屈光度,近距离工作疲劳症状评分主观视觉症状。随访时间≥5年。结果术后裸眼视力裸眼远视力≥1．0的Ⅰ组有172只眼(83．9％),Ⅱ组有121只眼(82．3％),Ⅲ组有69只眼(71．9％),其中Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组比较差异无显著意义(P>0．05),Ⅲ组与Ⅰ、Ⅱ组比较差异有显著意义(P<0．05)。术后裸眼远视力≥0．5的Ⅰ组有199只眼(97．2％),Ⅱ组有142只眼(96．6％),Ⅲ组有83眼(86．5％),Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组比较差异无显著性意义(P>0．05),Ⅲ组与Ⅰ、Ⅱ组比较差异有显著意义(P<0．05)。术后平均等值球镜屈光度:Ⅰ组(-1．08±0．93)D,Ⅱ组(-1．17±0．96)D,Ⅲ组(-1．40±0．85)D,Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组比较差异无显著意义(P>0．05),Ⅲ组与Ⅰ、Ⅱ组比较差异均有显著意义(P<0．05)。术后5年残余屈光度在-0．5～+0．5 D之间Ⅰ组有117只眼(57．1％),Ⅱ组有87只眼(59．2％),Ⅲ组有29只眼(30．2％);在-1．00～+1．00 D之间Ⅰ组的有187只眼(91．2％),Ⅱ组分别有138只眼(93．9％),Ⅲ组有69只眼(71．9％)。术后5年近距离工作疲劳症状评分:Ⅰ组2．10±2．11,Ⅱ组3．02±2．38,Ⅲ组5．94±3．46。Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组相比差异无显著意义(P>0．05),Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组比较差异均有显著意义(P<0．05)。结论对年龄较大特别是近距离用眼多的患者,术前预留一定量的屈光度可减轻其术后疲劳感,合适量的预留屈光度并未对不同年龄的患者术后行LASIK手术后都可获得较好的有效性,可预测性和稳定性产生明显影响。     

A Prospective Randomized Trial of Steroid-Free Maintenance Regimens in Kidney Transplant Recipients—An Interim Analysis

We compared three maintenance immunosuppressive regimens in a rapid discontinuation of prednisone protocol. From March 1, 2001, through December 31, 2003, 239 first and second kidney transplant recipients (166 LD; 73 DD) were randomized. All recipients were treated with Thymoglobulin; all received steroids intraoperatively and for 5 days postoperatively. Randomization was to cyclosporine-mycophenolate mofetil (n = 85); high-level tacrolimus (TAC) (8-12 ng/mL)-low-level sirolimus (SRL) (3-7 ng/mL) (n = 72); or low-level TAC (3-7 ng/mL)-high-level SRL (8-12 ng/mL) (n = 82). We found no difference at 24 months between groups in patient, graft, death-censored graft, or acute rejection-free graft survival, or in kidney function. Wound complications were more common in SRL-treated recipients (p = 0.02); we found no other differences between groups in complication rates. Our data suggest that excellent patient and graft survival and low rejection rates can be obtained using a variety of maintenance protocols without prednisone.     

地高辛的体内分析方法应用与进展

目的总结地高辛血药质量浓度监测方法,寻求最适的测定方法。方法对近年来国内外与地高辛监测相关的文献进行检索综述分析。结果地高辛血药浓度测定方法很多,常用方法主要有:FPIA、酶免疫分析法、RIA、CLIA、乳胶免疫抑制法、干化学法、HPLC法等。结论通过比较分析其中RIA、CLIA、EIA和HPLC MS 4种方法更好。     

包皮过长和包茎组织中触觉小体观察

目的观察包茎和包皮过长组织中触觉小体差异情况。方法收集21~25岁年龄组包皮标本44例,按包皮解剖形态分为:①包茎组21例;②包皮过长组23例。用免疫组化方法对两组包皮标本中的触觉小体进行染色,在放大100倍的视野下观察和统计两组包皮标本中触觉小体总数以及视野的总数,并用卡方检验对两组间的差异进行统计学分析。结果两组标本中,分别有8个(8/21包茎组)和10个(10/23包皮过长组)标本中未发现触觉小体,其差异无显著性(P=0.717)。包茎组和包皮过长组中触觉小体的密度分别为33.1%和21.1%,差异具显著性(P=0.022)。结论包茎中触觉小体密度较包皮过长明显升高可能是一种生理性代偿机制,而两种包皮组织中触觉小体的消失可能遵循同一规律。     

Selective photothermolysis: contribution to the treatment of flat angiomas (port wine stains) by laser

Since 1962, lasers have been used in dermatology and have become the first choice in the treatment of superficial, vascular ectasia. Lasers are unique sources of light; they are coherent, monochromatic, collimated and intense. By careful selection of wavelength, pulse duration, and intensity, it is often possible to selectively confine a laser effect to a specific histologic structure in tissue, depending upon the tissue properties. The ideal treatment of Port Wine Stains (PWS) should irreversibly damage the ectatic vessels but minimize heating of the epidermis and superficial dermis. A theory, called selective photothermolysis, predicts the optimal combination of laser parameters of achieving this ideal treatment of PWS to be a wavelength of 577 nm, a pulse duration of 0.35-10 msec, and an energy per surface area of about 7-8 J/cm2. Laser wavelength: The wavelength of 577 nm is preferred because it: maximizes the selective absorption by hemoglobin, minimizes absorption by epidermal melanin, provides sufficient depth of penetration in the blood to coagulate 0.1 mm vessels allows penetration of light into dermis up to 1 mm. Laser pulse duration: A pulse-width in the range of 0.35-10 msec allows the temperature elevation to be uniform inside the vessel and to be confined to the vessel area. Shorter pulses superheat the red blood cells causing explosive boiling and hemorrhage. Longer pulses allow heat to diffuse away from vessels, requiring greater energies per pulse to achieve vessel damage. An increased energy per pulse increases the risk of excessive damage to surrounding tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

术后镇痛10年后的质量控制探讨：1168例回顾性研究

目的 了解术后镇痛的现状，探讨术后镇痛的质量控制问题。方法 回顾近3个月1168例术后镇痛所采用的镇痛方法和预防术后恶心呕吐的方法，了解镇痛效果和副作用的发生情况，并分析影响镇痛效果和副作用发生率的有关因素，患者的满意度情况。结果 90％采用了连续硬膜外镇痛法，配方主要是小剂量吗啡复合低浓度布比卡因或罗比卡因，静脉镇痛主要采用吗啡复合氯诺昔康。预防术后恶心呕吐（PONV）的方法有5-HT3受体拮抗剂（昂丹司琼或阿扎司琼），氟哌啶，地塞米松等，单用或复合应用。连续硬膜外镇痛需要补救镇痛者约5％，静脉镇痛补救镇痛者约10％。PONV总体发生率低，妇科开腹手术低至20％，女性非妇科手术低至10％，剖宫产术低至1％，使用氟哌啶使妇科手术PONV降低约50％。1例高龄患者出现血氧饱和度下降至82％，经停药、吸氧等处理好转。硬膜外导管脱落0．5％。瘙痒、头晕等并发症小于5％。通过补救镇痛，及时处理并发症，患者满意度在90％以上。结论 硬膜外镇痛方法效果优于静脉镇痛方法，适度镇痛，减少镇痛药量，增加安全性，重视PONV的预防，及时处理镇痛不足和副作用，从而提高患者的满意度，是术后镇痛质量控制的可行的理念和方法。     

梗阻性左半结肠癌I期切除吻合术的探讨

目的探讨急性梗阻性左半结肠癌I期切除、吻合的可行性。方法采用术中肠管切开减压，近远端肠管顺行灌洗，I期肿瘤切除、吻合。结果15例患者除1例吻合口瘘经引流冲洗后治愈，余病例全部I期愈合。结论左半结肠癌引起肠梗阻，严格掌握手术适应证，合理围手术期处理，术中肠管减压、灌洗及术后扩肛，I期切除吻合术是安全可取的。